Dynamics for multistage pool formation of Lunnan low uplift in Tarim Basin

Lunnan area in the Tarim Basin has become animportant onshore oil production base in China. Formationof the oil and gas pools in the low uplift of Lunnan has ex-perienced a comparatively complex process of dynamics.Based on the hydrocarbon generation period of source rocks,the formation period of cap rocks and traps, the analysis oforganic inclusion and the analysis of bitumen in the reservoir,this paper draws the conclusion that the low uplift area ofLunnan has experienced three pool formation periods: thePermian period, the Cretaceous-Early Tertiary period andthe Late Tertiary-Quaternary period and two oil and gasreservoir adjustment periods: the Late Permian period andthe Late Tertiary-Quaternary period. The comprehensivestudy indicates that the large-scale Ordovician buried hill,formed in Early Hercynian, became the reservoir during thePermian period, because the Cambrian-Lower Ordovicianoil was discharged laterally into the reservoir along the topof the Ordovician weathering crust from south to north. Thereservoir experienced a complicated process—reconstruc-tion in the end of Permian, adjustment in Cretaceous-EarlyTertiary and re-discharging process in Late Tertiary-Qua-ternary, leading to the early original heavy oil reservoir ofmarine facies and the late original light oil reservoir and gaspool. Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic oil and gas reser-voirs result from upward adjustment and re-distribution ofOrdovician oil and gas reservoirs. Of those results, the for-mation of Triassic-Jurassic oil and gas pools came under theinfluence of the northward-tilting structure. The oil and gassourcing from the different hydrocarbon source rock inter-vals vertically migrated into the base unconformity of Trias-sic system. Then the oil and gas migrated laterally fromnorth to south and accumulated into the reservoir.     

鄂尔多斯塔巴庙地区上古气藏特征及成藏机理

根据塔巴庙地区上古生界砂体分布特征,区域性裂缝的纵向分布特征,烃源岩、储层、盖层组合特征,纵向上各层的地层压力分布、天然气成分特征等,对盒2～3段、山1～2段、太2段气藏特征及成藏机理进行了分析.认为在油气成藏中区域性裂缝起了关键的通道作用.下伏太原组、山西组烃源岩生成的天然气向上运移,造成了盒2～3段气藏的压力系数高和天然气轻烃(CH4)含量高的特征.在此基础上提出了天然气成藏概念模式.指出山1～2段、太2段气藏属于经过再次运移"破坏"后的"残余气藏",盒2～3段气藏属于裂缝形成后下伏天然气再次运移聚集形成的"次生气藏".     

Noble gas isotopic compositions of deep carbonate rocks from the Tarim Basin

Abundances and isotopic compositions of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr) with various existence states in carbonate rocks from the Tacan1 Well have been investigated by means of the stepwise heating technique. The elemental abundance patterns of noble gases in the samples show the enrichment of heavy noble gases and depletion of ²⁰Ne relative to the atmosphere, which are designated as type-Ⅰand are similar to that observed in water, natural gases and sedimentary rocks. The ³He/⁴He ratios of deep carbonate samples at lower and medium temperature (300—700℃) and a majority of samples at higher temperature (1100—1500℃) steps are very similar to those of natural gases in the same strata in this area, this feature of radiogenic crustal helium shows that the Tazhong Uplift is relatively stable. However, significant helium and argon isotopic anomalies are found at the 1100℃ step in the Middle-Upper Ordovician carbonate rock, suggesting the incorporation of mantle-derived volatiles, this may be due to minor igneous minerals contained in sedimentary carbonate rocks. The ⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁶Ar ratios in the Cambrian carbonate rock are slightly higher than those in Ordovician carbonate rocks, which may reflect the influence of the chronologic accumulation effect of crust radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar. Argon isotopes of various existence states in source rocks are much more different, both ³⁸Ar/ ³⁶Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁶Ar ratios at the higher temperature steps are higher than those at the lower temperature steps.     

Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid modified carbonate rock in the Tarim Basin

The activities of deep fluid are regionalized in the Tarim Basin. By analyzing the REE in core samples and crude oil, carbon isotope of carbon dioxide and inclusion temperature measurement in the west of the Tazhong Uplift in the western Tarim Basin, all the evidence confirms the existence of deep fluid. The deep fluid below the basin floor moved up into the basin through discordogenic fault and volcanicity to cause corrosion and metasomatosis of carbonate rock by exchange of matter and energy. The pore structure and permeability of the carbonate reservoirs were improved, making the carbonate reservoirs an excellent type of deeply buried modification. The fluorite ore belts discovered along the large fault and the volcanic area in the west of the Tazhong Uplift are the outcome of deep fluid action. Such cap bonate reservoirs are the main type of reservoirs in the Tazhong 45 oilfield. The carbonate reservoirs in well YM 7 are improved obviously by thermal fluid dolomitization. The origin and territory of deep fluid are associated with the discordogenic fault and volcanicity in the basin. The discordogenic fault and volcanic area may be the pointer of looking for the deep fluid modified reservoirs. The primary chap acteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep fluid reconstructed carbonate rock are summarized as accumulation near the large fault and volcano passage, late-period hydrocarbon accumulation after volcanic activity, and subtle trap reservoirs controlled by lithology.     

济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩储层形成机理和发育特征

位于渤海湾盆地内的济阳坳陷是中国油气最为富集的地区之一.古生界碳酸盐岩是济阳坳陷今后油气增储上产的主要领域.通过对济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩的锰、锶等微量元素及氧、碳、锶等同位素的测试与分析研究,认为岩溶作用和白云石化作用是济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩储层形成最为重要的成因机理.与不整合面有关的海相碳酸盐岩岩溶储层主要由强烈的大气淡水改造作用而形成.各种洞或脉中的碳酸盐矿物的87Sr/86Sr比值显著高于基质碳酸盐的87Sr/86Sr 比值,而δ13C 和δ18O值则显著低于基质的δ13C和δ18O值.大气淡水作用深度主要在不整合面之下150 m 的深度范围.对油气储集有价值的奥陶系冶里-亮甲山组储集层与埋藏成岩过程的白云石化作用,尤其是粒屑的优先白云石化造成的体积收缩作用有关.作者总结提出了济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩岩溶的发育模式,及古地貌、古水系和岩溶作用的关系,并深入研究了济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩储层的发育特征与分布规律.     

塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布规律

目的 探讨塔里木盆地油气藏形成及分布规律,为油气田勘探部署提供依据。方法 运用石油地质综合研究方法,探讨了区域构造背景,有效烃源岩分布及其成熟度、储盖组合、后期构造变动等对塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布的控制作用。结果 塔里木盆地油气分布十分复杂,油气藏形成及分布受多重因素控制;早期形成、长期继承发育的大型稳定古隆起及其斜坡以及前陆逆冲带第2,3排构造分别是大中型油气田形成的最有利地区;古隆起控油、斜坡富集以及隆起高部位油气易发生调整、斜坡部位有利于保存,是克拉通区油气藏形成和分布的重要特点;已发现的油气藏具有多期成藏、晚期调整的特点,早期形成的原生油气藏后期特别是晚喜山期普遍受到了调整改造,以克拉通区海相油气藏最为突出;保存条件对塔里木盆地油气藏形成与分布具有重要控制作用,特别是优质区域盖层的存在,是大中型油气田形成和保存的关键。结论 继承性古隆起与隐伏前陆逆冲带是塔里木克拉通区与前陆区寻找大中型油气田的最有利地区。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部天然气地球化学特征及成因类型

库车坳陷是塔里木盆地重要气源地之一,富含油气资源。但是,对于该区油气成藏认识还存在较大争议。通过统计库车坳陷东部600余个天然气样品地球化学特征,对该地区天然气组成、碳同位素、轻烃及成因类型进行了详细剖析。研究发现,库车坳陷东部天然气烃类气体以甲烷为主,重烃含量较低;非烃类气体主要以N2为主,含有少量的CO2。天然气碳同位素特征显示,库车坳陷东部天然气主要处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,且为有机成因烷烃气;并具有一定的同源性。天然气主要为正碳同位素系列,部分碳同位素表现出局部倒转现象。通过对库车坳陷东部天然气地球化学特征综合分析可知,该地区天然气为偏煤成气;且存在少量煤成气与油型气混合气,或者为"同型不同源"气或"同源不同期"的混合气。     

柴达木盆地南翼山浅油藏油砂山组储层岩石学特征

柴达木盆地西部南翼山浅油藏的主要储油层系为新近系上新统下油砂山组上部及上新统上油砂山组下部,为背斜构造控制的岩性层状油藏。通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜等资料,从宏观和微观两方面对南翼山浅油藏岩石学特征进行详细研究。南翼山浅油藏储层岩性既有碎屑岩又有碳酸盐岩。碎屑岩主要分布于浅湖区,主要发育砂岩及粉砂岩。碳酸盐岩分为5种类型:颗粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩、颗粒云岩、泥晶云岩、藻粘结岩。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界煤成气及其砂岩气藏成藏模式

鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界地层中广泛发育的煤层是大型气田形成的物质基础,煤层埋深为2.2~2.8 km,厚度为22~49 m,镜质体反射率为0.6%~2.5%,属长焰煤—贫煤;煤层是良好的烃源岩,其平均生烃强度为23.52×108m3/km2.煤层、砂岩储层和顶部上石盒子区域性泥岩盖层的良好空间配置是上古生界煤成气砂岩气藏形成的关键.描述了该地区上古生界砂岩和泥岩中2种高角度裂缝特征,指出了裂缝的形成时期及其在煤成气成藏中的运移通道作用.最后将该地区煤成气藏近源型成藏模式细分为近源-源内聚集型和近源-裂缝运移型.     

塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征

塔里木盆地塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层主要发育于奥陶系,油气储量丰富,对其油气藏的研究表明,奥陶系碳酸盐岩的主要油源区为南东方向的满加尔寒武—奥陶系生油坳陷,其生成的多期次油气通过断裂、储层、不整合面持续向北部凸起之上的奥陶系储层运移聚集.同时多期次的运聚与成藏造成了油气在平面上分布具有北东密度大、南西密度小的特点.塔河油田碳酸盐岩孔、洞、缝3种储集空间组合构成裂缝型、孔洞-裂缝型、裂缝-孔洞型和生物礁(滩)相孔隙型储层,为油气聚集提供了良好的储集空间.海西期的构造活动使得裂缝发育,同时为岩溶发育提供通道,并进一步改善了早期缝洞的连通性.石炭系卡拉沙依组及巴楚组泥岩作为良好的区域盖层为油气保存提供了必要条件.     

塔中西北部奥陶系异常压力成因及地质意义

塔中西北部地区奥陶系地层中存在异常压力,研究认为该异常压力的形成主要与油气聚集增压机理有关,其次为构造增压和流体热膨胀增压机理,火成岩侵入也是一种辅助的增压机理.异常压力的存在可以表征良好的储层和盖层的封盖能力,也与油气藏的分布有一定的关系,异常压力层的发育层位往往指示一定丰度的油气层,而油气层并不一定都是异常压力层.     

苏里格气田盒8气藏气水层测井识别研究

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田盒8气藏为弹性驱动的河流相低效气藏,储层非均质性强,在开发中普遍见水.根据试采情况将气藏储层分为气层、水层、气水层三类,开展气、水层的测井识别研究.以区内26口井50个射孔层段各层的试油结果作为依据,选出了700个样本点作为判识建模的标本,以声波时差和中子孔隙度等8个原始测井值作为判识变量组合,采用模糊判别分析,建立了各层的判识模型.回判结果表明,模型对气层精度达到97%,水层为89%,气水层为94%.利用未参加建模的出水井射孔段对模型进行验证,判识结果基本符合实际情况,模型具有较高精度.     

The controlling factors of oil and gas charging and accumulation of Puguang gas field in the Sichuan Basin

Combined with oil and gas transport and accumulation, structure-lithology evolution history, and with geochemistry and synthesizing geology methods, this paper studies the oil and gas discharge history of Puguang large scale gas field and the main controlling factors of oil accumulation. The natural gas in Puguang gas field is mainly coal-derived gas and oil-racked gas. The main hydrocarbon is Upper Permian coal mudstone and Lower Silurian mud shale with organic material. Puguang gas field has gone through discharge and adjustment 3 times, and it has favorable palaeostructure location, high quality dredge and effectively conserving conditions.     

Two accumulation modes of marine-origin natural gas in the Tarim Basin

HeUanhe gas field, Lungudong gas field and Tazhong gas field are marine marine-origin natural gas reservoirs in the craton area in the Tarim Basin. The natural gas is generated from Cambrian source rocks. The simulation experiment indicated that the cracking of the dispersedly dissoluble organic matter remaining in the source rocks is the main origin of marine natural gas. There are two modes to form gas reservoirs, one is the dry gas reservoir such as HeUanhe gas field, in which gas accumulated on the fault belt with violent tectonic movement, the other is condensate gas reservoir formed on the inheriting uplift such as Lunnan and Tazhong gas fields. The hybrid simulation experiment of cracking gas and crude oil indicated that crude oil accumulated on a large scale in those uplift belts at the early stage, and natural gas filled the ancient oil reservoir at the late stage, and the gas reservoirs were formed after the gas mixed with the crude oil.     

塔里木盆地乌什凹陷-温宿凸起油气勘探前景

通过野外地质调查、岩性剖面与地震资料分析等方法,对塔里木盆地乌什凹陷-温宿凸起的油气前景进行了研究。野外调查结果证实,乌什凹陷发育二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系3套烃源岩及多套储盖组合。烃源岩热演化史及地面油苗显示证实本区有油气运移聚集的条件和历史。地震资料显示喜马拉雅晚期运动导致与逆冲断层伴生的挤压构造十分发育,以挤压背斜为主体的构造构成油气聚集的有利场所。温宿凸起在地质历史时期曾与塔北隆起连为一体,是长期继承性发育的占凸起,古近纪卡拉玉尔滚大型走滑断层将其与塔北隆起分开。温宿凸起被乌什和阿瓦提两个已证实被具有生烃能力的生烃凹陷所挟持,是油气运移的指向区。同时存在碳酸盐岩和砂岩两类多个勘探目的层。乌什凹陷-温宿凸起无疑是塔里木盆地油气勘探具有良好前景的战略接替区。     

柴达木盆地西部南翼山浅油藏储层特征

柴达木盆地西部南翼山浅油藏的主要储油层系为新近系上新统下油砂山组(N21)上部及上新统上油砂山组(N22)下部,为背斜构造控制的岩性层状油藏.南翼山浅油藏储层岩性主要包括:(含粉砂)藻灰岩、粉砂质(泥质)泥晶灰岩和灰质(泥质)粉砂岩.各油层一般都包括这3类储层岩性,其中以粉砂质(泥质)泥晶灰岩为主,其次为(含粉砂)藻灰岩和灰质(泥质)粉砂岩.南翼山浅油藏储集空间类型主要包括:溶孔、成岩缝、粒间孔、微孔隙.各油层一般都包括这四类储集空间类型,其中溶孔是最主要的储集空间类型.南翼山浅油藏储层物性最好的为(含粉砂)藻灰岩,其次为粉砂质(泥质)泥晶灰岩和灰质(泥质)粉砂岩.南翼山浅油藏储层的主要控制因素包括:沉积微相、断裂作用、晚期沿断裂带大气淡水的溶解作用、有机酸的溶解作用.     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震综合预测——以塔里木盆地中古21井区为例

针对塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储层各向异性特征显著,纵横向非均质性极强的特点,综合应用振幅、相干、频谱分解、地震吸收衰减、多井约束波阻抗反演等多种预测技术对储层进行预测,总结一套适合缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测的技术系列,并利用多元逐步判别分析和核主成分分析相结合的办法对多种地震信息进行优化求解,其优化结果综合考虑多种地震属性的有效信息,并剔除对判别结果不显著的属性,同时保留的各变量互不相关,保证计算结果的稳定性,而且能很好地处理地震属性之间的非线性问题。在中古21井区的实际应用表明：其优化结果能精细刻画缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层在三维空间中的有利分布范围,取得了良好的地质效果,为地震多属性优化与缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测研究提供一种科学有效的方法。     

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H_2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.     

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir, China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribu- tion prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.