氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-十六烷基氯化吡啶鎓-水体系浮选分离锌(Ⅱ)

氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-十六烷基氯化吡啶鎓-水体系浮选分离锌(Ⅱ)     

氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-十六烷基氯化吡啶鎓-水体系浮选分离锌(Ⅱ)

氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-十六烷基氯化吡啶鎓-水体系浮选分离锌(Ⅱ)     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-硫氰酸铵-氯化钠体系浮选分离钌(Ⅲ)

在水溶液中,Ru(Ⅲ)与硫氰酸铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵形成不溶于水的三元缔合物.在少量NaCl存在下,此三元缔合物沉淀浮于盐水相上层形成界面清晰的液-固两相,当溶液中硫氰酸铵、十六铵基三甲基溴化铵和氯化钠的浓度分别为0.20 mol/L、1×10-3 mol/L,0.1 g/mL, pH=5.0时, Ru(Ⅲ)被定量浮选.Cr(Ⅲ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)、Au(Ⅲ)离子在该体系中不被浮选,从而使Ru(Ⅲ)与这些离子定量分离,对合成水样进行的定量浮选分离测定,结果满意.     

氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-氯化十四烷基二甲基苄基铵体系浮选分离锌

利用双水相液－液萃取体系^[1]分离金属离子我们已有报道^[2,3]。本文研究发现,在水溶液中Zn(Ⅱ）与硫氰酸铵,氯化十四 基二甲基苄基铵形成不溶于水的三元缔合物,在少量氯化钠存在下此三元缔合物沉淀浮于水相上层并与水分成界面清晰的两相,分相过程中Zn(Ⅱ)被定量浮选,而Fe(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ)等离子在该体系中不能被浮选,借此可实现Zn(Ⅱ)与这些离子的分离。该体系 最显著的优点是不需要使用有毒的有机萃取溶剂,且分离效果十分令人满意,因而是一种无毒且简便,经济,快速的分离方法。     

结晶紫-硫氰酸铵体系浮选分离钌(Ⅲ)

在水溶液中Ru(Ⅲ)与硫氰酸铵、结晶紫形成不溶于水的三元缔合物,在少量氯化钠存在下,此三元缔合物沉淀浮于盐水相上层形成界面清晰的液-固两相.当溶液中氯化钠、硫氰酸铵、结晶紫的质量浓度分别为50 g·L-1、0.04 mol·L-1、2.5×10-4mol·L-1,pH 4.0时,Ru(Ⅲ)被定量浮选.Rh(Ⅲ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅲ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、V(Ⅴ)、Fe(Ⅱ)离子在该体系中不被浮选,实现了Ru(Ⅲ)与这些离子的定量分离,对合成水样和纯镍中钌进行定量浮选分离测定.     

氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-十六烷基氯化吡啶(钅翁)-水体系浮选分离锌(Ⅱ)

研究了氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-十六烷基氯化吡啶(钅翁)-水体系浮选分离锌(Ⅱ)的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件. 结果表明,在1.0 g固体NaCl存在下,当硫氰酸铵(0.1 mol/L)和十六烷基氯化吡啶(钅翁)(0.01 mol/L)溶液的用量均为2.0 mL时,控制pH值为4.0,Zn(Ⅱ)可被该体系浮选,而Cd(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)不被浮选,可实现Zn(Ⅱ)与这些离子的定量分离,对合成水样的定量浮选分离,结果满意.     

氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵体系浮选分离锌

研究观察到,在水溶液中Zn(Ⅱ）与硫氰酸铵、溴化十六烷基三甲基铵形成不溶于水的三元缔合物,在少量氯化钠存在下此三元合物沉淀浮于水相上层并与水分成界面清晰的两相,分相过程中Zn(Ⅱ）被定量浮选。实现了Zn(Ⅱ）与Fe(Ⅲ）、Al(Ⅲ）、Co(Ⅱ）、Ni(Ⅱ）、Mn(Ⅱ）等离子的分离,是一种无毒且更为简便、经济、快速的分离方法。     

硫酸铵-碘化钾-溴化十六烷基吡啶体系浮选分离铅

研究了硫酸铵 碘化钾 溴化十六烷基吡啶体系浮选分离铅的行为及其与常见离子的分离条件。实验表明 :Pb2 + 与I- 形成的PbI2 -4能与溴化十六烷基吡啶 (CPB+ )形成浮于盐水相上层且不溶于水的三元缔合物 (PbI2 -4)·(CPB+ ) 2 。当碘化钾 (0 .5 0mol L)和CPB+ (1.0× 10 - 2 mol L)溶液的用量分别为 1.5 0mL和 2 .0 0mL时 ,Pb 可被完全浮选 ,控制pH =4 .0 ,该浮选体系能使Pb 与Zn 、Fe(Ⅲ )、Co 、Ni 、Mn 、Al(Ⅲ )等常见离子分离     

硫氰酸铵-溴化十六烷基吡啶-水体系浮选分离汞

研究了氯化钠存在下硫氰酸铵-溴化十六烷基吡啶-水体系浮选分离Hg(Ⅱ)的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件。结果表明:pH 5.0,在1.0 g氯化钠存在下,当0.1 mol.L-1硫氰酸铵溶液0.5 mL,1.0×10-2mol.L-1溴化十六烷基吡啶溶液1.0 mL时,Hg(Ⅱ)可被此体系定量浮选,而Cd(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)等离子在此体系中不被浮选,从而实现了Hg(Ⅱ)与这些常见离子之间的定量分离,对合成水样中微量Hg(Ⅱ)进行的定量浮选分离测定,测得平均回收率为100.5%。     

溴化钾-溴化十六烷基吡啶-水体系浮选分离金(Ⅲ)的研究

研究了溴化十六烷基吡啶和KBr分离金(Ⅲ)的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。在水溶液中,Au(Ⅲ)与溴化十六烷基吡啶和KBr形成不溶于水的三元缔合物AuBr4-.CPB+,此三元缔合物沉淀浮于水相上层形成界面清晰的液-固两相。当溶液中溴化十六烷基吡啶和KBr的浓度分别为5.0×10-4mol/L和7.0×10-3mol/L时,Au(Ⅲ)可与Ce(Ⅳ),Ni(Ⅱ),Ru(Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ),Ga(Ⅲ),Rh(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅲ),Zn(Ⅱ),Cu(Ⅱ),Al(Ⅲ),Sn(Ⅳ)和V(Ⅴ)进行分离,对合成水样中的Au(Ⅲ)进行了分离和测定,Au(Ⅲ)的浮选率达到99.8%以上,其他金属离子的浮选率都在3.3%以下。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。