无过渡金属体系下C(sp^2)—H键的自由基反应构建C—N键研究进展

C—N键广泛存在于药物分子、天然产物及功能材料中,开发简洁高效的C—N键构建方法具有重要意义.近年来,无过渡金属体系下C(sp^2)—H键的自由基反应构建C—N键取得了诸多进展.该方法反应条件相对温和,反应活性较高,为C—N键构建提供了一条新途径.根据氮源类型的不同,对近年来C(sp^2)—H键的自由基反应构建C—N键的研究进展进行简要论述.     

Transformations of N-arylpropiolamides to indoline-2,3-diones and acids via C≡C triple bond oxidative cleavage and C(sp^2)–H functionalization

A new palladium-catalyzed oxidative conversion of N-arylpropiolamides and H2O to various indoline-2,3-diones and acids through the C≡C triple bond cleavage and C(sp2)–H functionalization is described,which is promoted by a cooperative action of catalytic CuBr2,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy(TEMPO)and O2.The method provides a practical tool for transformations of alkynes by means of a C–H functionalization strategy,which enables the formation of one C–C bond and multiple C–O bonds in a single reaction with high substrates compatibility and excellent functional group tolerance.     

Palladium-catalyzed 2-pyridylmethyl-directed β-C(sp~3)—H activation and cyclization of aliphatic amides with gem-dibromoolefins:A rapid access to γ-lactams

The direct Pd-catalyzed β-C(sp³) H activation and cyclization of aliphatic amides bearing a removable 2-pyridylmethyl directing group with gem-dibromoolefins is described for the first time to construct a variety of γ-lactams.     

C(sp3)—H键直接催化硅基化反应研究进展

含C(sp3)—Si键的有机硅化合物在材料科学、药物化学和精细化学品合成等研究领域有着广泛的应用.通过C(sp3)—H的直接催化硅基化形成C(sp3)—Si键具有高的原子经济性和步骤经济性特点,近些年己成为含C(sp3)—Si键的新型有机硅分子合成领域的一个研究热点.详细总结了 C(sp3)—H键直接催化硅基化反应的研...     

基于N-亚硝基导向的芳烃C(sp2)—H键官能团化研究进展

近年来,N-亚硝基通过与过渡金属螯合协同活化芳烃C(sp²)—H键,成功构建了C—C键和C—杂原子键的例子已有报道.它基于内部N—N键的氧化断裂,在反应过程中无需添加外部氧化剂,反应结束后可自行离去,发展成为一种新型高效的导向基团,受到了研究者的广泛关注.总结了基于N-亚硝基导向的芳烃C(sp²)—H键官能团化的最新研究进展.     

环戊烷基茚基氯化钇(1-C5H9C9H6)2-Y(u-Cl)2Li(THF)2的合成及其晶体结构

稀土配合物;环戊烷基茚基氯化钇(1-C5H9C9H6)2-Y(u-Cl)2Li(THF)2的合成及其晶体结构     

钯催化下肟醚导向的sp~2 C—H键邻位酰氧化反应(英文)

使用醋酸钯作为催化剂,过硫酸钠和氧化银为氧化剂,使肟醚导向的底物与苯甲酰甲酸发生sp2C—H键的邻位酰氧化反应,从而得到芳香酮类化合物.该方法对带吸电子基和给电子基的反应物都有很好的适应性,最高产率可达98%.     

分子碘催化氧化C(sp3)—H功能化反应的研究进展

现代有机合成中,C—H功能化反应可以用于直接构建各种生物活性骨架以及增加目标分子结构的复杂性,是对传统合成方法的有效补充,其中惰性C(sp3)—H功能化长期以来是该领域的难点.目前,碘试剂己被确定为经济和生态上无害的过渡金属替代品,在具有挑战性的C(sp3)—H功能化反应中已经取得了卓有成效的进展.分子碘与高价芳基碘试...     

基于仲膦氧化物和亚磷酸酯的C(sp3)—H磷酰化反应研究进展(英文)

含有C(sp³)—P键的有机磷化合物被广泛应用于有机合成、生物有机和药物化学、农药、阻燃剂和萃取剂等领域中.近年来, C—H键的直接磷酰化受到了广泛关注,该策略在构建C—P键中显示出更为简洁、高效和原子经济性等优势.综述了自2009年以来以仲膦氧化物和亚磷酸酯为磷源的C(sp³)—H磷酰化反应的研究进展,根据C(sp³)—H键的类型,对磷酰化反应分为五类进行介绍.     

空气氧化的铜催化苯甲酸衍生物邻位C(sp2)—H键的硒化反应

报道了一种以二硒醚为硒基来源,8-氨基喹啉为导向基的铜催化空气氧化的苯甲酸衍生物邻位C(sp2)—H键的硒化反应.该方法仅需空气作为氧化剂,避免了额外的化学氧化剂的使用,同时具有较好的底物普适性和官能团兼容性.     

铑(Ⅲ)催化吲哚甲酰胺衍生物与末端炔烃的C—H活化/环化反应

报道了铑(Ⅲ)催化的吲哚甲酰胺衍生物与末端的炔烃发生的C—H活化/环化反应,能够高效地构建多环吲哚类化合物,收率为85%~98%.该反应操作简便、反应条件温和、催化剂用量低,并使用具有氧化性的导向基团,不需要添加额外氧化剂.研究了该反应的分子间的竞争性试验,推测了可能的反应机理.所有化合物均采用NMR,IR,高分辨质谱等多种谱学技术进行了结构表征.     

Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Phosphorus-Sulfur Hybrid Atom Ligand and Their Palladium Complexes With the Studies on the C—H Bond Activation and Photochemical Carbonylation Reaction of Benzene

In this paper, a novel and ideal synthetic method of the phosphorus and sulfur hybrid atom ligand is reported. The speciality of this method is that the by-products of some reactions could be used circularly as starting materials in the synthetic route. Further, we synthesized a series of organopalladium complexes containing these hybrid atom chelate ligands, among them the molecular structures of novelorganopalladium complexes Pd((i-Pr)_2-P(CH_2)_2SEt)Cl_2, Pd(Et_2P(CH_2)_2SEt)Cl_2 and Pd(Ph_2P(CH_2)_2SEt)Cl_2 were determined by using the X-ray single crystal diffraction method. We first used the organotransition metal complexes containing phosphorus and sulfur hybrid atom ligands to activate the σ-C—H bond, and researched the catalytic activity, i.e. the photochemical carbonylation of benzene was catalyzed by these palladium complexes.     

The addition of small molecules to (η-C5H5)2Rh2(CO)(CF3C2CF3): IV. The sunlight assisted making and breaking of alkene CH bonds on the dirhodium centre; the crystal and molecular structures of (η-C5H5)2Rh2(CHCHCN){C(CF3)CF3)H} · H2O and (η-C5H5)2Rh2(CHCF2){C(CF3)C(CF3)H}

Bis-alkenyl complexes of the type (η-C₅H₅)₂RH₂(alkene − H)(alkyne + H) are obtained when the alkyne complex (η-C₅H₅)₂Rh₂(CO)(CF₃C₂CF₃) is treated with the following alkenes: H₂CCH₂, H₂CCHR (R = Me, Bu^t, Ph, CN), H₂CCF₂, RHCCHR′ (R = R′ = Me, Ph, Cl; R = Me, R′ = Et), cyclooctene and norbornene. An approximately equimolar amount of (η-C₅H₅)₂Rh₂(CO)₂(CF₃C₂CF₃) is also formed. The reactions are greatly accelerated when the reaction mixtures are exposed to sunlight. There is some regioselectivity in the reactions with H₂CCHR and MeHCCHet, with a preference for CH bond cleavage at the least crowded alkene-carbon. When the reaction with acrylonitrile is performed in the absence of sunlight, the complex (η-C₅H₅)₂(CO){(H₂CCHCN)(CF₃C₂CF₃)} can be isolated; upon exposure to sunlight, there is loss of CO and H-transfer to form two isomers of the appropriate bis-alkenyl complex.The molecular geometries of (η-C₅H₅)₂Rh₂(CHCHCN){C(CF₃)C(CF₃)H} and (η-C₅H₅)₂Rh₂(CHCF₂){C(CF₃)C(CF₃)H} have been ascertained by X-ray structure determination. Each molecule has two bridging alkenyl units spanning a RhRh single bond; the dihedral angle between the two RhRhCC planes is just above 90°. There is a cyclopentadienyl ring η⁵-attached to each metal. Crystal data: C₁₇H₁₃F₆NRh₂·H₂O, M 569.1, monoclinic, P2₁/n, a 15.014(7), b 14.882(7), c 8.590(5) Å, β 94.57(9)°, Z = 4, final R 0.056 for 2493 observed reflections; C₁₆H₁₂F₈Rh₂, M 562.1, monoclinic, P2₁/c, a 13.037(6), b 8.765(2), c 14.873(3) Å, β 103.16(3)°, Z = 4, final R 0.062 for 1820 observed reflections.     

C18环基过渡金属(Os,Ir)单原子对甲烷C—H的活化

由于高度的化学稳定性,作为天然气主要成分的甲烷分子的转化和利用极富挑战性和研究意义.然而,这一问题的突破有赖于甲烷C—H的活化,特别是温和条件下活化催化剂的研发.本文采用密度泛函理论方法计算考察了过渡金属TM(Os, Ir)单原子-碳18环(TMC₁₈)对甲烷C—H的活化.结果表明,相对于TM单原子,TM单原子键合在碳18环上后,显著降低了甲烷C—H的活化能垒;而相较于TM单价阳离子,则削弱了C—H键裂解物种CH₃与TM的结合力.结合力较弱的TM-CH₃,对物种CH₃的脱附或进一步转化为附加值高的化学品有利.对TM-碳18环间的作用进行分析发现,碳18环通过与TM的d-π共轭,呈现良好的储存和吸电子的作用,进而可以促进甲烷C—H活化能垒的降低.碳18环基TM单原子具有温和条件下高效活化甲烷C—H的潜力.     

I2/PhNO2介导的芳乙酮C(CO)—C键氧化断裂和2-氨基芳甲酰胺胺化合成喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮(英文)

开发了一种以苯乙酮和2-氨基苯甲酰胺为原料,在I₂/PhNO₂介导下合成了喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮的新方法.该反应涉及苯乙酮与2-氨基苯甲酰胺间的两个C—N键的形成,接着苯乙酮的C(CO)—C键氧化裂解.此外,还进行了由I₂/PhNO₂和CuBr/K₂CO₃介导的一锅串联合成喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮的反应.     

无过渡金属或无光催化剂条件下可见光促进喹喔啉酮C(3)—H官能团化研究进展

喹喔啉酮及其衍生物是一类重要的含氮杂环化合物,这种特殊的杂环骨架广泛存在于各种天然产物、药物分子以及功能材料中.近年来,喹喔啉酮的官能团化引起了化学工作者的广泛关注,其中通过C—H官能团化构建3-官能团化的喹喔啉酮取得了重要进展.光氧化还原催化可利用绿色清洁的光能在较为温和的条件下实现有机化合物的合成与转化,因此,越来越多的光催化体系被开发用于喹喔啉酮的官能团化.简单高效的无过渡金属或无光催化剂的反应体系非常符合绿色化学和可持续发展的要求,已成为喹喔啉酮类化合物官能团化强有力的工具,同时也受到了很多学者的青睐.对近五年来无过渡金属或无光催化剂可见光促进喹喔啉酮的C(3)位官能团化领域所取得的研究进展进行了综述,对反应机理和氧化还原淬灭过程进行了总结,并对该领域所面临的挑战和机遇进行了展望和探讨.     

无金属条件下芳基酮与二甲亚砜的α-C(sp3)—H亚甲基化反应合成γ-酮亚砜(英文)

芳基酮通过C(sp³)—H键官能化与二甲亚砜发生直接的α-C(sp³)—H亚甲基化反应生成γ-酮亚砜,该方法适用于各种芳基酮.此外,二甲基亚砜(DMSO)在反应中不仅用作溶剂,而且用作含硫单元.这种转化的实际价值在于γ-酮亚砜的高效和稳健的一锅合成法,并在初步实验的基础上,提出了一种可能的反应机理.     

Yb(ClO4)3·3H2O-18C6-C2H5OH体系(25℃)的相化学研究及固态配合物的合成与性质

王冠醚能选择性配位于阳离子,使无机盐溶于有机溶剂及类似酶功能的特性,因而引起人们很大的研究兴趣.     

Syntheses of Two Chiral Clusters [η5—C5H4C（NR）CH3]—RuNiM（CO）5（μ3—S）（R=NH—C6H3—2,4—（NO2）2,M=Mo,3;M=W,4）and the Single—crystal Structure of Cluster 3

1 INTRODUCTION The synthesis of chiral clusters containing four different atoms at the vertexes of the tetrahedron has been extensively studied because the chiral cluster can induce an asymmetric catalysis potentially[1]. Until now, many tetrahedron-type chiral clusters have been reported, but only a few of the reactions about the organic group in these clusters were investi- gated[2～4]. In this paper, we described the syntheses of clusters 3 and 4, and the structure of the former. 2 …