Functionalization of bismuth sulfide nanomaterials for their application in cancer theranostics

Multifunctional bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃) nanomaterials exhibit significant potential as nanomedicines for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. These nanomaterials act as excellent photothermal agents and radiation sensitizers for the treatment of tumors, and they can also act as contrast agents for computed tomography (CT) imaging, photoacoustic imaging (PA), and other forms of imaging to provide real-time tumor monitoring and testing guidance. Compared with other nanomaterials, Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials can readily adapt to different applications by virtue of the fact that they can be easily functionalized. However, these nanomaterials have some limitations that cannot be ignored and need to be addressed, such as poor biocompatibility, toxicity, and low chemical stability. It is widely believed that appropriate functionalization of Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials could remedy such defects and significantly improve performance. This review summarizes the ways in which Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials can be functionalized and discusses their applications in cancer theranostics over the last few years, focusing particularly on imaging and therapy. We also discuss issues relating to how Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials can be analyzed, including how we might be able to use these systems to inhibit and treat tumors and how current limitations might be overcome to improve treatment efficacy. Finally, we hope to provide inspiration and guidance as to how we might create a more optimized multifunctional nano-system for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.     

Synthesis of core-shell structured Au@Bi2S3 nanorod and its application as DNA immobilization matrix for electrochemical biosensor construction

The core-shell structured Au@Bi2S3 nanorods have been prepared through direct in-situ growth of Bi2S3 at the surface of pre-synthesized gold nanorods.The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Then the obtained Au@Bi2S3 nanorods were coated onto glassy carbon electrode to act as a scaffold for fabrication of electrochemical DNA biosensor on the basis of the coordination of-NH2 modified on 5’-end of probe DNA and Au@Bi2S3.Electrochemical characterization assays demonstrate that the Au@Bi2S3 nanorods behave as an excellent electronic transport channel to promote the electron transfer kinetics and increase the effective surface area by their nanosize effect.The hybridization experiments reveal that the Au@Bi2S3 matrix-based DNA biosensor is capable of recognizing complementary DNA over a wide concentration ranging from 10 fmol/L to 1 nmol/L.The limit of detection was estimated to be 2 fmol/L(S/N=3).The biosensor also presents remarkable selectivity to distinguish fully complementa ry sequences from basemismatched and non-complementary ones,showing great promising in practical application.     

Structure, ordering, and bonding of half antiperovskites: PbNi3/2S and BiPd3/2S

In a model study the crystal structures of shandite (Pb₂Ni₃S₂), parkerite (Bi₂Ni₃S₂) and their Pd homologues are investigated in terms of ordered half antiperovskites AM_3/2S (A = Pb, Bi; M = Ni, Pd). This addresses fundamental questions on the structural relations, ordering and chemical bonding. From crystal structure investigations a new cubic parkerite variant is presented for Bi₂Pd₃S₂ that fits in an ordering model equivalently to shandite and parkerite. Type–antitype relations to ordered oxygen deficit perovskites are presented. With the relation to the superconductor Ni₃MgC a model is deduced that provides the complete crystal structure and symmetry in terms of the Ni and Pd ordering in antiperovskite superstructures. Therein a systematic ab initio investigation on the relative stability of shandite and parkerite structures is carried out for the first time. From the DFT modelling results the preferences of the ordering variants and the distinct differences in the atomic coordination spheres are discussed. The bonding in the systems is investigated by site projected density of states and covalent bond energy calculations.     

A Label-free Photoelectrochemical Sensor Based on Bi2S3@Nitrogen Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Ascorbic Acid Determination

We report a photoelectrochemical(PEC) sensor for selective detection of ascorbic(AA) by introducing Z-scheme Bi₂S₃@nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots(Bi₂S₃@NGQDs) heterojunctions as efficient photoactive species. The Bi₂S₃@NGQDs were successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal process, and the microstructures and components were investigated by various characterized techniques. The photocurrent of the Bi₂S₃@NGQDs-based sensor increased significantly in the presence of AA and showed excellent selectivity and stability for AA detection in the presence of some other antioxidants and small molecules. A wide linear range of 0.1-5 μmol/L and 5-1380 μmol/L was achieved for the AA detection with a detection limit of 36 nmol/L(S/N=3). Moreover, the proposed PEC sensor achieved the determination of AA in real red peppers and commercially available vitamin C tablets samples.     

空心NiCo2S4纳米球助催化剂担载ZnIn2S4纳米片用于可见光催化制氢

纳米片与空心球上之间的合理界面调控是开发高效太阳能制氢光催化剂的潜在策略。在各类光催化材料中,金属硫化物由于具有相对较窄的带隙和优越的可见光响应能力而被广泛研究。ZnIn₂S₄是一种层状的三元过渡金属半导体光催化剂,其带隙可控(约2.4 eV)。在众多金属硫化物光催化剂中,ZnIn₂S₄引起了广泛兴趣。然而,单纯的ZnIn₂S₄光催化活性仍然相对较差,主要是因为光生载流子的复合率较高、迁移速率较慢。在半导体光催化剂上负载助催化剂是提升光催化剂性能的一种有效方法,因为它不仅可以加速光生电子和空穴的分离,而且还可以降低质子还原反应的活化能。作为一种三元过渡金属硫化物,NiCo₂S₄表现出较高的导电性、较低的电负性、丰富的氧化还原特性以及优越的电催化活性。这些特性表明,NiCo₂S₄可以作为光催化制氢的助催化剂,以加速电荷分离和转移。此外,NiCo₂S₄和ZnIn₂S₄都属于三元尖晶石的晶体结构,这可能有助于构建具有紧密界面接触的NiCo₂S₄/ZnIn₂S₄复合物,从而提高光催化性能。本文中,将超薄ZnIn₂S₄纳米片原位生长到非贵金属助催化剂NiCo₂S₄空心球上,形成具有强耦合界面和可见光吸收的NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄分级空心异质结构光催化剂。最优NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄复合样品(NiCo₂S₄含量：ca. 3.1%)的析氢速率高达78 μmol·h^-1,约是纳米片组装ZnIn₂S₄光催化剂析氢速率的9倍、约是1% (w, 质量分数)Pt/ZnIn₂S₄样品析氢速率的3倍。此外,该复合光催化剂在反应中表现出良好的稳定性。荧光和电化学测试结果表明,NiCo₂S₄空心球是一种有效的助催化剂,可促进光生载流子的分离和传输,并降低析氢反应的活化能。最后,提出了NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄光催化析氢的可能反应机理。在NiCo₂S₄@ZnIn₂S₄复合光催化剂中,具有高导电性的NiCo₂S₄助催化剂可快速接受ZnIn₂S₄上的光生电子,用以还原质子生成氢气,而电子牺牲剂TEOA捕获光生空穴,进而完成光催化氧化还原循环。该研究有望为基于纳米片为次级结构的分级空心异质结光催化剂的设计合成及其光催化制氢研究提供一定的指导。     

Ir2S3/ZnIn2S4催化下可见光诱导发生的烯烃/炔烃的高效硫氢化反应:Ir2S3的作用

C–S键的构建在化学中具有非常重要的意义.利用硫醇和烯烃/炔烃的硫氢化反应来构建C?S键是一种绿色、可持续和低成本的方法.本文以ZnCl2,InCl3,硫代乙酰胺为前驱体,在微量IrCl3存在条件下,通过一步溶剂热法制备得到了含有不同Ir摩尔比(0.5 mol％,1 mol％和2 mol％)的Ir2S3/ZnIn2S4...     

High performance hybrid supercapacitor based on hierarchical MoS2/Ni3S2 metal chalcogenide

Herein, we synthesized hierarchical MoS₂/Ni₃S₂ structures as electrode materials grown on nickel foam by a facile hydrothermal strategy. The hierarchical MoS₂/Ni₃S₂ structures show high specific capacitance.     

Lotus-stalk Bi4Ge3O12 as binder-free anode for lithium and sodium ion batteries

The synthesized lotus-stalk Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ utilized as binder-free anode for LIBs demonstrates excellent cycling performance. The synthesized lotus-stalk Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ is composed of nanosheets, which is contribute to outstanding lithium storage performance.     

表面活性剂修饰碳酸氧铋的制备及光催化性能

采用水热法,以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、非离子型表面活性剂聚乙二醇8000(PEG8000)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及SDS与CTAB耦合修饰Bi₂O₂CO₃。 系统地研究了表面活性剂种类及用量对Bi₂O₂CO₃晶面、形貌、光吸收特性及光催化降解效率的影响。 以紫外光下降解罗丹明B(RhB),考察样品的光催化性能。 结果表明,当Bi盐投加量为6 mmol(2.9106 g)时,SDS对Bi₂O₂CO₃的修饰对其光催化活性有所抑制;0.6 g CTAB修饰Bi₂O₂CO₃能有效提高其光催化活性;0.3 g SDS与CTAB耦合修饰Bi₂O₂CO₃就能有效提高其光催化活性;0.3 g PEG8000修饰Bi₂O₂CO₃也能使其光催化活性有所提高。     

β-Bi2O3修饰Bi2WO6光催化降解苯酚及其可能机理

采用简单混合法制备了一系列Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆复合光催化剂. 在紫外光降解水中苯酚的过程中, Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆的光催化活性随Bi₂O₃含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势. 当Bi₂O₃最佳负载量等于12.5% (质量分数, w)时, 该复合光催化剂的活性大约是单一Bi₂WO₆的4 倍. 固体样品表征表明, Bi₂O₃主要以β-Bi₂O₃存在, 复合光催化剂是Bi₂O₃和Bi₂WO₆的简单混合物. 此外, 在电催化氧化水的过程中, β-Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆薄膜电极的光电流远大于β-Bi₂O₃和Bi₂WO₆薄膜电极的光电流之和. Bi₂O₃对Bi₂WO₆光催化的促进作用是由于前者接受后者的光生空穴, 提高Bi₂WO₆光生载流子的分离效率, 从而加快了O₂的还原和苯酚的降解.     

盐酸后处理制备高效制氢光催化剂Zn2In2S5

采用水热法制备了ZnIn₂S₄固溶体, 并通过用盐酸对其进行后处理获得了系列Zn_mIn₂S_m+3(m≥2, 整数)固溶体. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、 荧光光谱(PL)和电化学测试对催化剂的组成、 结构和性能进行了表征. 研究了系列固溶体可见光光催化制氢活性. 结果表明, ZnIn₂S₄固溶体经0.5 mol/L HCl处理后能转化为Zn₂In₂S₅固溶体, 其制氢活性为ZnIn₂S₄固溶体的2.2倍, 并且具有良好的稳定性.     

沉淀法制备Bi2O3的晶相转变过程及其光催化性能

以硝酸铋为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,通过液相沉淀法制得前驱体Bi(OH)₃,并将Bi(OH)₃分别在不同温度和时间下焙烧。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、热重(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)详细研究了Bi(OH)₃转变为Bi₂O₃的过程及相变过程中粒子形貌、大小、光吸收性质等。结果表明,前驱体Bi(OH)₃经过焙烧之后,发生了如下的转变过程:Bi(OH)₃→Bi₅O₇NO₃→β-Bi₂O₃/Bi₅O₇NO₃→β-Bi₂O₃/Bi₅O₇NO₃/α-Bi₂O₃→α-Bi₂O₃,而且转变过程伴随着粒子长大。在上述转变过程中,与Bi₅O₇NO₃向β-Bi₂O₃转变的过程相比,从β-Bi₂O₃到α-Bi₂O₃相变过程更为迅速。此外,以光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)为模型反应,考察了不同晶相的Bi₂O₃光催化活性,结果表明Bi₅O₇NO₃和β-Bi₂O₃材料具有优异的光催化性能,而α-Bi₂O₃具有较低的光催化活性。     

Enhanced TE properties of Cu@Ag/Bi2Te3 nanocomposites by decoupling electrical and thermal properties

Cu@Ag/Bi2Te3 nanocomposites were prepared for the first time by ultrasonic dispersion-rapid freezedrying method combined with spark plasma sintering(SPS).By changing the content of Cu@Ag nanoparticle,we could modulate the temperature dependent thermoelectric properties.The highest ZT value can be obtained at 450 K for 1 vol%Cu@Ag/Bi2Te3,which is benefited from the decoupling of electrical and thermal properties.With the increase of electrical conductivity,the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient lifts while the thermal conductivity declines.Meanwhile,the average ZT value between 300 K and 475 K was 0.61 for 1 vol%Cu@Ag/Bi2Te3,which is much higher than that of pristine Bi2 Te3.Therefore,the decoupling effect of Cu@Ag nanoparticles incorporation could be a promising method to broaden the application of Bi2Te3 based thermoelectric materials.     

TiO2/Bi2O3纳米复合体的制备及可见光催化产氢性能

首先采用相分离的水解-溶剂热法制备了Bi₂O₃纳米粒子,然后利用简单的湿化学法在Bi₂O₃表面负载不同比例的TiO₂纳米颗粒,进而得到TiO₂/Bi₂O₃纳米复合体。通过气氛调控的表面光电压谱(SPS)等测试表明,表面负载适量的TiO₂后能够提高Bi₂O₃光生电荷分离。可见光催化产氢和降解污染物测试结果进一步证明,表面负载适量的TiO₂后可显著提高其可见光催化活性,其中Ti/Bi摩尔比为7%时具有最高的光催化活性。这主要归因于TiO₂具有较为合适的导带能级位置,可以接收Bi₂O₃在可见光激发下所产生的高能级电子,从而抑制光生电子-空穴对复合,并且维持了高能级电子较高的还原能力。     

富含光诱导氧空位Bi12O17Br2的制备及其高效光催化固氮性能(英文)

采用一步水热法制备了Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂光催化剂,其平均微片尺寸为1.2μm,比表面积约为29 m²·g^-1。Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂的禁带宽度为2.42 eV,能够响应可见光。值得注意的是,在光照条件下Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂表面能够产生氧空位;光诱导氧空位不仅能促进氮气在催化剂表面的吸附,而且对吸附的氮气分子的活化起到至关重要的作用。实验结果表明在可见光照射下,Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂光催化剂上的氨生成速率为337.6μmol·g^-1·h^-1。在可见光的驱动下,Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂光催化剂能够实现氮气与水反应生成氨的过程。     

NiS-Ni3S2树状异质结阵列在析氧反应中的应用

在过去的几十年里,数以万计化石能源的开发和利用导致了一系列的环境问题,例如温室效应和水污染等。许多应对的策略被提出以应对环境问题,可再生氢气是其中一个最为瞩目的能源。而在其中,电解水是为了获得可在生氢气最为环保的方案。在阳极发生反应过于低效则限制着这项技术的发展,所以研究开发高效的阳极电催化剂变得尤为重要。在本文中,我们通过一步水热法合成了一种直接生长在泡沫镍基地的NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列。这个材料在实际电解水的阳极反应中表现出巨大的潜能,表现出高效的电催化性能和超强的稳定性能。NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列比纳米棒状Ni₃S₂表现出更好的性能。因为其拥有更高的比表面积和NiS-Ni₃S₂之间协同效应展现。NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列的高性能也可能是因为其紧密地与泡沫镍基地连接,拥有较好的电子传输路径。同时,在反应的过程中,一些羟基氢氧化镍的产生也有利于催化效果的提升。毫无疑问,NiS-Ni₃S₂树状异质结阵列作为电解水的阳极催化剂拥有极大的前景。     

热退火气氛对溶液法制备的Sb2S3薄膜组成、结构及光伏性能的影响

采用化学浴(CBD)法在TiO₂薄膜表面制备结晶性Sb₂S₃膜层, 获得了TiO₂/Sb₂S₃平板异质结, 并结合聚[2,6-{4,4-双-(2-乙基己基)-4H-环戊并[2,1-b;3,4-b']-二噻吩}-交替-4,7-(2,1,3-苯并噻二唑)](PCPDTBT)空穴传输层和MoO₃电极界面修饰层, 制备了FTO/TiO₂/Sb₂S₃/PCPDTBT/MoO₃/Au平板结构太阳能电池, 研究了CBD方法中热退火气氛对Sb₂S₃薄膜的组成、 结构及光伏性能的影响. 结果表明, 在N₂气氛下退火时, 所得的Sb₂S₃膜层不致密且含有Sb₂O₃杂相, 电池效率仅为0.90%; 而在N₂-S气氛下退火时, 硫会与杂相Sb₂O₃发生反应生成Sb₂S₃, 进而得到纯净、 致密、 平整的结晶Sb₂S₃膜层. 在平板结构太阳能电池中, 光生空穴对电池光电流的产生有明显的贡献; 随着Sb₂O₃杂相的消除, Sb₂S₃薄膜中载流子的复合减少且传输速率增大, 使太阳能电池器件中电子与空穴的收集效率和短路电流显著提高, 电池效率提高了1.34倍, 达到2.04%.     

尖晶石型过渡金属硫化物CuCo2S4与MoS2复合材料的制备及电催化析氢性能

通过简单的三步水热法实现尖晶石型过渡金属硫化物CuCo₂S₄与MoS₂的复合, 以三维多孔泡沫镍(NF)为基底, 制得自支撑催化电极MoS₂@CuCo₂S₄-Ni₃S₂/NF. 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征结果表明, MoS₂纳米片层密集均匀地生长在CuCo₂S₄-Ni₃S₂纳米棒表面, 并形成多级核壳结构. 其碱性条件下(1 mol/L KOH)的电催化析氢性能研究结果表明, MoS₂与CuCo₂S₄的复合和特殊形貌的构筑有效提高了电化学活性面积和电子传导效率, 达到10, 100和300 mA/cm²电流密度分别仅需116, 231和282 mV的过电位, 经2000次循环伏安扫描后, 100 mA/cm²电流密度所对应的过电位仅增大6%, 展现出优异的电催化析氢催化活性及较好的稳定性.     

Ca2+离子掺杂对γ-Ce2S3合成温度及热稳定性的影响

以CeCl₃·7H₂O、CaCl₂·2H₂O和C₂H₂O₄·2H₂O为原料,在制备钙铈氧化物前驱体基础上,再以Ar气为载气、CS₂为硫源对钙铈氧化物前驱体进行硫化合成Ca²⁺掺杂的γ-Ce₂S₃色料。 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)及差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)等技术手段表征了色料的结构和性能。 结果表明,Ca²⁺掺杂能够明显降低γ-Ce₂S₃的合成温度,当n(Ca²⁺):n(Ce³⁺)≥0.16时,在900 ℃硫化150 min即可获得纯相的γ-Ce₂S₃,与不掺杂时合成γ-Ce₂S₃的温度相比降低了300 ℃左右。 同时,Ca²⁺掺杂能够提升γ-Ce₂S₃的抗氧化能力,当n(Ca²⁺):n(Ce³⁺)=0.64时,氧化放热峰的温度由不掺杂时的490.6 ℃提高至541.0 ℃。     

新型金属-双二硫杂戊烯(M-BDT)配合物的合成、表征及X射线的指标化

合成了4个新型NiBDT配位化合物,BDT为具有9个S原子的杂戊烯.元素分析、IR谱、UV谱确定这4个新配合物的化学式分别为[(CH₃)₄N]₂[Ni(C₅S₉)₂](1),[(C₂H₅)₄N]₂·[Ni(C₅S₉)₂](2),[(C₄H₉)₄N]₂[Ni(C₅S₉)₂](3),[(C₆H₅)(CH₃)₃N]₂[Ni(C₅S₉)₂](4).采用Ito法对配合物1的X射线粉末图进行了指标化,确定该晶体属单斜晶系,简单晶格,晶胞参数:a=0.680nm,b=0.714nm,c=2.302nm,γ=111.4°,Z=2.