乙二胺功能化树脂负载Pd(0)配合物：可重复使用的高活性Heck芳基化催化剂

The ethylenediamine-functionalized resin-supported Pd(0)complex was prepared from PdCl_2 and ethylenedia-mine-functionalized chloromethylated polystyrene,followed by reduction with KBH_4.The complex was character-ized by FT-IR,XRD,BET,SEM and EDS.The resin-supported catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity in theHeck reaction and could be reused up to 17 times in NMP or 16 times in DMF at 90 ℃ in the Heck reaction of io-dobenzene with acrylic acid.The leaching investigation disclosed that the palladium leaching was caused by the in-teraction of iodobenzene with the metal Pd(0)on supported catalyst.The leached palladium species in filtrate wasvery stable and could be reused five times after the solid catalyst was filtered off.A cross-transfer test in recyclingin the presence of additional carbon disclosed that the soluble leached palladium species had much higher catalyticactivity than supported and/or adsorbed palladium in solid-solution heterogeneous Heck reaction.     

Suzuki Reaction of Aryl Bromides Using a Phosphine-Free Magnetic Nanoparticle-Supported Palladium Catalyst

A palladium catalyst immobilized on superparaganetic nanoparticles was prepared with a palladium loading of 0.30 mmol/g. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and nitrogen adsorption. The immobilized palladium catalyst was an efficient catalyst without added phosphine ligands for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of several aryl bromides with phenylboronic acid. The recovery of catalyst was simply by magnetic decantation in the presence of a magnet. The immobilized palladium catalyst can be reused many times without significant degradation in catalytic activity. No leaching of active palladium species into the reaction solution was detected.     

Complete Oxidation of Methane over Palladium Supported on Alumina Modified with Calcium,Lanthanum,and Cerium Ions

The activity and thermal stability of Pd/Al_2O_3 and Pd/(Al_2O_3 MO_x)(M=Ca,La,Ce) palladium catalysts in the reaction of complete oxidation of methane are presented in this study.The catalyst supports were prepared by sol-gel method and they were dried either conventionally or with supercritical carbon dioxide.Then they were impregnated with palladium nitrate solution.The catalysts with unmodified alumina had a high surface area.The activity and thermal stability of the alumina- supported catalyst was also very high.The introduction of calcium,lanthanum,or cerium oxide into alumina support caused a decrease of the surface area in the way dependent on the support precursor drying method.These modifiers decreased the activity of palladium catalysts,and they required higher temperatures for the complete oxidation of methane than unmodified Pd/Al_2O_3.The improvement of the palladium activity by lanthanum and cerium support modifier was observed only at low temperatures of the reaction.     

Complete Oxidation of Methane Alumina Modified with Calcium, over Palladium Supported on Lanthanum, and Cerium Ions

The activity and thermal stability of Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/（Al2O3＋MOx） （M=Ca, La, Ce） palladium catalysts in the reaction of complete oxidation of methane are presented in this study. The catalyst supports were prepared by sol-gel method and they were dried either conventionally or with supercritical carbon dioxide. Then they were impregnated with palladium nitrate solution. The catalysts with unmodified alumina had a high surface area. The activity and thermal stability of the aluminasupported catalyst was also very high. The introduction of calcium, lanthanum, or cerium oxide into alumina support caused a decrease of the surface area in the way dependent on the support precursor drying method. These modifiers decreased the activity of palladium catalysts, and they required higher temperatures for the complete oxidation of methane than unmodified Pd/Al2O3. The improvement of the palladium activity by lanthanum and cerium support modifier was observed only at low temperatures of the reaction.     

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIMETALLIC Pd-Fe/Al_2O_3 CATALYSTS—CHARACTERIZATION BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION

Series of bimetallic catalysts Pd-Fe/Al_2O_3 with various palladiumand iron contents were prepared by impregnating metal precursors in differentsequences.Techniques were employed to characterize the catalysts,XRD forthe existing form of the supported metals,XPS for the surface metal contentsand chemical states,in silu IR with the aid of CO as a probe molecule for theinfluence of iron amount and adding sequence upon the dispersion and the elec-tronic state of palladium.On the catalyst prepared by coimpregnating,the pal-ladium and iron contents are higher than those prepared by impregnating in dif-ferent sequence,but the ratio of Pd/Fe(in atom)is lower than those on thelatter two.The iron atoms shield the palladium and enhance the dispersity ofpalladium.In the catalyst prepared by first impregnating with iron and thenwith palladium,the iron has a strong ability to disperse palladium and the dis-persity increases with the iron loading.In the catalyst prepared by first dopingwith palladium and then iron,the     

Synthesis,characterization, and catalytic ethylene oligomerization of pyridine-imine palladium complexes

Two neutral five-membered pyridine-imine palladium complexes with the bulky dibenzhydryl (CH(Ph)2) substituted aniline were synthesized and fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystal diffraction.Well-defined cationic palladium complexes were further obtained by treatment of chloromethylpalladium complexes with sodium tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate (NaBArF) in CH3CN.Cationic palladium complexes were capable of catalyzing ethylene oligomerization without any cocatalysts.The influences of catalyst structure,reaction temperature,and ethylene pressure on ethylene oligomerization were studied in detail.The introduction of bulky benzhydryl (CH(Ph)2) on the ortho position of the aniline moiety enhanced catalytic activity,thermal stability of the catalyst,and molecular weight of the obtained products.Highly branched oligomers with molecular weights of 600-800 g/mol and narrow polydispersities (1.03-1.12) were produced.     

Porous polymer supported palladium catalyst for cross coupling reactions with high activity and recyclability

Porous polymer supported palladium catalyst for cross coupling reactions with high activity has been successfully prepared by coordination of Pd 2+ species with Schiff bases functionalized porous polymer. The catalyst has been systemically investi-gated by a series of characterizations such as TEM, N 2 adsorption, NMR, IR, XPS, etc. TEM and N 2 isotherms show that the sample maintains the nanoporous structure after the modification and coordination. XPS results show that chemical state of palladium species in the catalyst is mainly +2. More importantly, the catalyst shows very high activities and excellent recycla-bility in a series of coupling reactions including Suzuki, Sonogashira, and Heck reactions. Hot filtration and poison of catalysts experiments have also been performed and the results indicate that soluble active species (mainly Pd(0) species) in-situ gener-ated from the catalyst under the reaction conditions are the active intermediates, which would redeposit to the supporter after the reactions.     

Simultaneous Laser Thermal Lens Spectrometric Determination of Trace Platinum and Palladium in an Aquesous Solution

A selective and sensitive method for determination of platinum and palladium(Ⅱ）in an aqueous solution simultaneously by laser thermal lens spectrometry,based on the complex reaction of 2-(3,5-dichloropyridylazo)-5-dimethylaminoamiline(3,5-diCl-PADMA) with platinum and palladium,has been developed.It is shown that the palladium complex can be fromed at room temperature, while the platinum complex can be only formed after being heated in a boiling water bath.By using this difference of reaction temperature and the characteristic of the complexes mentioned above,the method for simultaneous determination of platinum and palladium was established in an aqueous solution without a pre-separation.The results show that the dynamic linear ranges of determination for platinum and palladium are 0.005-0.04μg/mL and 0.005-0.25μg/mL respectively,and that the detection limits are both 0.002/μg/mL.The method has been applied to the determination of platinum and palladium simultaneously in alloy and catalyst samples with satisfactory results.     

二氧化硅负载的胂钯(0)配合物作为丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酰胺芳基化反应高活性和高立体选择性的催化剂

A silica-supported arsine palladium(O) complex has been prepared from y-chloropropyltriethoxysilane via immobilization on fumed silica, followed by reaction with potassium diphenylarsenide and palladium chloride, and then reduction with hydrazine hydrate. The complex has been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and it is a highly active and stereoselective catalyst for arylation of butyl acrylate and acrylamide with aryl halides, affording a variety of tram-butyl cinnamates and trans-cinnamamides in high yields.     

Synthesis of Diethyl Oxalate by a Coupling-Regeneration Reaction of Carbon Monoxide

This article describes a process for the synthesis of diethyl oxalate by a coupling reaction of carbon monoxide, catalyzed by palladium in the presence of ethyl nitrite. The kinetics and mechanism of the coupling and regeneration reaction are also discussed. This paper presents the results of a scale-up test of the catalyst and the process based on an a priori computer simulation.     

Liquid phase bromination of aromatics over zeolite H-beta catalyst

The liquid phase bromination of chlorobenzene, toluene and xylenes (o-, m-, p-) is catalyzed using zeolite as catalyst and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as the brominating agent. In addition, the bromination of toluene has been investigated over various zeolites using both NBS and liquid Br₂ as brominating agents. A comparison under similar reaction conditions with H₂SO₄, in the absence of catalyst and FeCl₃ (in the case of toluene) is also investigated for each reaction. Zeolite H-beta is found to be selective compared to the conventional catalysts and other zeolites in the bromination of chlorobenzene and toluene whereas selectivity for 4-bromo-o-xylene (4-BOX/3-BOX) over H-beta and H₂SO₄ was found nearly comparable in the bromination of o-xylene. In the bromination of toluene, acidic H-beta favours the formation of nuclear products whereas in the absence of any catalyst, in the presence of weakly acidic H–Y and potassium exchanged zeolites K-beta and K–L, the concentration of side-chain product, œ-bromotoluene, is enhanced. The conversion of NBS, rate of NBS conversion (mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹) and selectivity for products are strongly influenced by the reaction parameters. As the reaction time, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and molar ratios of NBS/toluene are increased, an increase in the conversion of NBS is noticed. Presumably, the catalytic bromination of aromatics proceeds by an electrophile (Br⁺) which is generated by the heterolytic cleavage of NBS/Br₂ by an acidic zeolite. Thus, the generated Br⁺ attacks the aromatic ring resulting in the formation of brominated nuclear products.     

Novel iodoammonium cations: Synthesis and characterization of o-C6H4(NH2)2IX (X = I, AsF6, AlI4)

The new iodoammonium salts o-C₆H₄(NH₂)₂I⁺I⁻ (1) and o-C₆H₄(NH₂)₂I⁺ AsF₆⁻ (2) were prepared by reaction of o-phenylene diamine with I₂ or I₃⁺AsF₆⁻, respectively. Compound 1 reacts with AlI₃ yielding quantitatively the corresponding tetraiodoaluminate o-C₆H₄(NH₂)₂I⁺AlI₄⁻ (3). The species were characterized by chemical analysis, vibrational (IR and Raman) and temperature-dependent ¹H NMR spectropscopy. Direct evidence for a N---I bond was found in the Raman spectra of 1, 2 and 3 (ν(NI) = 599–600 cm⁻¹).     

Redox reactions of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) in aqueous solution

Pulse radiolysis technique has been employed to study the reactions of oxidizing (^√OH, N₃^√) and reducing radicals (e⁻_aq, CO₂^√−, acetone ketyl radical) with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) at different pH. Hydroxyl radicals react mostly by addition reaction forming radical adducts (λ_max=420 nm) and the oxidation is only a minor process even in the alkaline region. The reaction with azide radicals produced phenoxyl radicals (λ_max=340 nm), which are formed on fast deprotonation of solute radical cation. Using PMZ^√+/PMZ and ABTS^√−/ABTS²⁻ as the reference couple, different methods are employed to determine the one-electron reduction potential of o-vanillin and the average value is estimated to be 1.076±0.004 V vs. NHE at pH 6. The phenoxyl radicals of o-vanillin were able to oxidize ABTS²⁻ quantitatively. The e_aq⁻ is observed to react with o-vanillin with rate constant value of 2×10¹⁰ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. CO₂^√− and acetone ketyl radical are also observed to react with o-vanillin by electron transfer mechanism and showed the formation of transient absorption bands with λ_max at 350 and 390 nm at pH 4.5 and 9.7, respectively. The pK_a of the one-electron reduced species was determined to be 8.1. The results indicate that the aldehydic group is the most preferred site for electron addition.     

Preparation of a palladium dimer with a cobalt-containing bulky phosphine ligand: Its application in palladium catalyzed Suzuki reactions

A palladium dimer with a cobalt-containing phosphine ligand, {(μ-PPh₂CH₂PPh₂)Co₂(CO)₄(μ,η-(tBu)₂PCCC₆H₄-κC¹)Pd(μ-Cl)}₂ (3), was prepared from the reaction of its monomer precursor, (μ-PPh₂CH₂PPh₂)Co₂(CO)₄(μ,η-(tBu)₂PCCC₆H₄-κC¹)Pd(μ-OAc) (2), with LiCl. The crystal structure of 3, determined by X-ray diffraction methods, revealed a doubly chloride-bridged palladium dimeric conformation. Suzuki coupling reactions of bromobenzene with phenylboronic acid were carried out catalytically using these two novel palladium complexes 2 and 3 as catalyst precursors. Factors such as the molar ratio of substrate/catalyst, reaction temperature, base and solvent that might affect the catalytic efficiencies were investigated. As a general rule, the performance is much better by employing 3 than 2 as the catalyst precursor.     

邻位甲基红水溶液的光谱性质随pH值的变化：含时密度泛函理论计算与实验研究

探明影响甲基红光谱性质的各种因素,有助于拓宽偶氮苯衍生物在有机光电器件中的应用。采用密度泛函理论和实验相结合的方法研究了溶液酸碱性和溶剂水对邻位甲基红水溶液光谱的影响。溶液pH从13.1逐渐降低至0.5,邻位甲基红水溶液的最大吸收波长从430 nm红移至520 nm。在不同酸碱条件下,主要有三种物种共存于甲基红水溶液中,它们分别是双质子化的甲基红o-H₂MR⁺ (强酸性条件下),单质子化的甲基红o-HMR (弱酸条件下)和碱性甲基红o-MR^- (碱性条件下),通过密度泛函理论计算研究了三种不同形式的电子结构特征。采用含时密度泛函理论计算了甲基红偶极跃迁允许的最低激发能,分别采用连续介质模型和分子簇模型研究水溶剂对甲基红电子结构和光谱性质的影响。在酸性条件下,o-H₂MR⁺和o-HMR分子内氢键导致π共轭体系平面性增强,因而光谱红移。而在碱性条件下,溶剂对o-MR^-的光谱有显著影响：极性o-HMR和o-MR^-与水分子的偶极-偶极相互作用导致光谱进一步红移。     

钯-高分子载体催化剂对糠醛加氢液相反应的研究

以弱碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂[D392,-NH₂,D382,-NHCH₃,D301R,-NH(CH₃)₂],强碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂[201×7DVB,-NH⁺(CH₃)₃]和弱碱性环氧系阴离子交换树脂(701,-NH₂)为载体制备了3种钯-高分子载体催化剂.考察了反应条件、高分子载体的种类、钯含量和催化剂用量对糠醛催化加氢生成四氢糠醇反应及催化性能的影响.在体积分数为50%的乙醇-水溶液和水中对糠醛常压液相加氢反应,钯-高分子载体(阴离子交换树脂D392,-NH₂,D382,-NHCH₃)催化剂均可使糠醛的加氢反应转化率达100%,生成四氢糠醇的选择性达98%以上,而用金属钯为催化剂的转化率达70%以上,选择性达97%以上.同时用XPS分析了高分子载体催化剂的结构与催化加氢反应性能的关系.     

Determination and identification of malathion, ethion and dichlorovos using ion mobility spectrometry

Positive ion mobility spectra of different organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion (s-(1,2-dicarb-ethoxyethyl) o,o-dimethyl dithiophosphate), ethion (o,o,o′,o′-tetraethyl s,s′-methylene bis(phosphorodithioate)) and dichlorovos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) have been studied in air at ambient pressure using ion mobility spectrometry method with ⁶³Ni ionization source. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 1.0 × 10⁻⁹, 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ and 5.0 × 10⁻⁹ g for malathion, ethion and dichlorovos, respectively. The working range of these compounds was about three orders of magnitude and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of repeatability at the 5 μg ml⁻¹ level were all below 15%. Furthermore, in this study, the influences of IMS cell temperature on the ion mobility spectra of these compounds were investigated.     

可区别铁离子荧光探针异构体的合成及其水样分析

分别以2-（2-氨基苯基）菲并咪唑和2-（3-氨基苯基）菲并咪唑为原料,与5-硝基水杨醛反应合成了两个菲并咪唑-苯酚异构体衍生物（PI?o?OH和PI?m?OH）。在水相体系中（V（DMF）∶V（HEPES） = 1∶1,pH = 7.4）,两个异构体发射中等强度的荧光。Fe³⁺存在下,两个异构体的荧光强度分别淬灭为原来的1/3和1/6,淬灭常数为4.8×10³和4.6×10³ L/mol,且淬灭效果不受其它干扰离子和pH值变化的影响。间位异构体PI?m?OH与Fe³⁺的荧光识别在2 min之内完成,配合速度明显优于邻位基异构体,且配合稳定性高于邻位异构体,配合常数为3.82×10⁴ L/mol。通过高分辨质谱和Job's曲线,确定了两个异构体与Fe³⁺识别配合比为1∶1,并建议了PI?m?OH-Fe³⁺ and PI?o?OH-Fe³⁺两个配合物的结构。两个异构体均可实现实际水样中Fe³⁺的定量检测,表明它们在实际水样的Fe³⁺分析中具有一定的应用价值。     

Photosolvolysis of 2-aminobenzl alcohol in aqueous solution

The photosolvolytic behavior of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol (4) was studied in aqueous solution over a range of pH and in moderately concentrated aqueous H₂SO₄ solution. Although reactive at all pH values studied, clean solvolytic reaction was observed only when pHK_a (for ground state dissociation of aryl ammonium ion). A mechanism of reaction in acidic medium is proposed in which the protonated substrate (ArNH₃⁺) is excited to S₁ and then undergoes adiabatic deprotonation to give the electronically excited free base. Subsequent dehydroxylation, which can be assisted by a proton, gives o-quinone methide imine (o-QMI, 5) as the reactive intermediate. Nucleophilic attack by added ROH gives the photosolvolytic product. If pH>pK_a, a significant proportion of 5 reacts with free amine 4, which is sufficiently nucleophilic to compete with H₂O or ROH, eventually giving rise to oligomeric products.     

Metal complex effect on the hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene over polymer-stabilized colloidal ruthenium clusters

Effect of metal complex on hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB) over poly-vinylpyrrolidone stabilized ruthenium colloid (PVP-Ru) has been studied in methanol media under 320 K and 4.0 MPa. The addition of Zn(II) complexes of diamines to PVP-Ru catalyst system leads to significant increase in the activity of PVP-Ru, while the selectivity for o-chloroaniline (o-CAN) maintained 100%. Especially, rate enhancement more than 30 times that over neat PVP-Ru has been achieved in the presence of Zn(trien)Cl₂. It was verified that the incorporation of Zn(II) complexes of multi-amines changed the reaction kinetics.