穆斯堡尔谱学研究进展

本文评述1988～90年穆斯堡尔谱学的进展.穆斯堡尔效应的应用继续扩展到几乎所有的科学领域.论文主要涉及基础研究,有些涉及工业应用和材料研究.论文年发表数持续快速增长.在这期间由每年发表1500篇增至1800篇.国际会议频繁,并且大量被评述.它们总的表明,这个研究领域是非常活跃的. The developments and achievements in M(?)ssbauer spectroscopy during recent 3 years are reviewed.The use of the M(?)ssbauer effect is still increasing and expanding to all subjects of sciences.Most of the papers concern with fundamental research,some refer to in- dustrial applications and many are about material research.The growth in the M(?)ssbauer lit- erature continues rapidly.During this period of time the number of M(?)ssbauer publications increased from ...     

纪念穆斯堡尔效应发现40周年

文章论述了穆斯堡尔效应的发现和穆斯堡尔谱学的基本原理，并对穆斯堡尔谱学在材料科学、生物医学、考古学和地质矿物学中的应用进行了讨论     

穆斯堡尔谱学在固态物质研究上的发展与成就

1958年,29岁的德国物理学家穆斯堡尔发现γ射线的无反冲发射与共振吸收现象,即穆斯堡尔效应,随之产生了穆斯堡尔谱学,此人亦因该发现于1961年获得诺贝尔物理学奖.穆斯堡尔效应之发现造就了对于核力矩与电磁场间超精细相互作用一种全新的测试技术,其精度可至10-13数量级,从而可分析出固态物质的诸多微观性质.其后,穆斯堡尔谱学已广泛应用于物理、化学、冶金、地质、生物、考古等各领域.     

一种用于同位素分离在线穆斯堡尔谱学的PPAC

研制了一种用于同位素分离在线穆斯堡尔谱学的平行板雪崩计数器，计数器仅重40g。用它测量由穆斯堡尔共振吸收后放出的内转换电子，采用85％^119Sn同位素增丰的SnO2作为阴极吸收材料，测得的穆斯堡尔谱的信噪比为11，是一种适合在线穆斯堡尔实验的计数器。对该计数器的性能进行了讨论。A Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter （PPAC） with weighted about 40 g was developed for isotope separator on-line Moessbauer Spectroscopy. It detects the internal conversion electrons emitted from the resonance Moessbauer nuclide. The signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra reaches 11 for 85% enriched ^119SnO2 cathode and absorber. It is an effective detector for on-line Moessbauer experiments. The perform ance of the counter was discussed in detail.     

穆斯堡尔谱法及其应用

文章简介了穆斯堡尔效应、穆斯堡尔谱的产生以及穆斯堡尔效应的应用 ,说明它不仅在理论上具有深刻的意义 ,又有着广泛的应用价值 .     

穆斯堡尔谱学的近期前景

本文讨论了穆斯堡尔谱学应用的突出特点、显著特征、发展趋势、最新进展以及我国穆斯堡尔谱学界的基本情况。     

时间相关穆斯堡尔谱与GaAs的119mTe离子注入

本文提出并实现了一种新的穆斯堡尔谱——时间相关穆斯堡尔谱。这是利用两步衰变^119mTe→¹¹⁹Sb→¹¹⁹Sn而获得的。测量了110keV ^119mTe加10¹⁵稳定Te/cm²注入并经600℃退火的样品在不同测量时间内的穆斯堡尔谱,分析了各谱线随ξ的变化。这里ξ是我们定义的参量,它等于Φ_Te/Φ_总,由退火时刻t_{a关键词：}     

穆斯堡尔成象技术

通常的穆斯堡尔谱给出的是在样品范围内经空间积分的微观结构信息．近年来提出二类基于穆斯堡尔谱学的成象方法，用以确定物相的空间分布，达到实现空间分辨可达微米量级的穆斯堡尔成象．它为固体物理、材料科学、矿物学等提供一种新手段．该文介绍这个刚开始发展的新领域的现状和前景．     

磁性多层膜的穆斯堡尔谱研究

评述了磁性多层膜中磁层、界面和非磁层的结构及磁性的穆斯堡尔谱研究的新进展,并展望了今后的研究方向.A new progress in Mssbauer study on the magnetic structure and magnetic properites of the magnetic layer, interface layer and nonmagnetic layer in the magnetic multilayers is reviewed.Further research trend is also discussed.     

快重离子辐照效应的穆斯堡尔谱学研究

概述了利用穆斯堡尔效应开展的固体材料快重离子辐照效应研究的部分结果 ,并对建立在兰州重离子加速器 (HIRFL)上的在束穆斯堡尔谱学研究装置及其应用作了简要的介绍.Mssbauer spectroscopy study of irradiation effects induced by swift heavy ions in solid materials were briefly presented.Amorphization phenomenon of yttrium iron garnet irradiated by 1 GeV Ar ions has been investigated. For the first time, the nearly complete amorphous state was observed. Stainless steel 316L samples were irradiated with 54 MeV C ions and phase transformation of the samples was observed. HT 9 ferrite steel was irradiated with 510 MeV C ions. Its phase...     

Basic features of coherent nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation

The time dependences of spatially coherent nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation show a wealth of characteristic features which originate from the interference of several radiation components and from dynamical nuclear scattering. These effects will be of importance for the future fields of time domain Mössbauer spectroscopy and of nuclear resonant -ray optics. The basic features are discussed and experimental evidence is reviewed.     

Spin excitations in a K0.84Fe1.99Se2 superconductor as studied by Mssbauer spectroscopy

Mssbauer spectroscopy was used to probe the site-specific information of a K 0.84 Fe 1.99 Se 2 superconductor. A spin excitation gap,△ E ≈ 5.5 meV, is observed by analyzing the temperature dependence of the hyperfine magnetic field (HMF) at the iron site within the spin wave theory. Using the simple model suggested in the literature, the temperature dependence of the HMF is well reproduced, suggesting that, below room temperature, the alkali metal intercalated iron–selenide superconductors can be regarded as ferromagnetically coupled spin blocks that interact with each other antiferromagnetically to form the observed checkerboard-like magnetic structure.     

Elastic properties of filled-Skutterudite compounds probed by Mössbauer nuclei

We have carried out Mössbauer spectroscopy and nuclear resonant inelastic scattering to elucidate the lattice dynamics in filled-Skutterudite compounds, especially phosphides. The second-order Doppler shift obeys the Debye model in RFe₄P₁₂. Nuclear quadrupole interaction reveals an unusual temperature dependence in these compounds. An anomaly is observed in ⁵⁷Fe nuclear resonant inelastic scattering of these compounds. The energy where the anomaly observed in SmFe₄P₁₂ agrees with the phonon excitation energy observed by ¹⁴⁹Sm nuclear resonant inelastic scattering. We have also performed the ⁹⁹Ru Mössbauer measurements of SmRu₄P₁₂.     

Lattice Dynamics and Inelastic Nuclear Resonant X-Ray Scattering

Measurement of thermal and elastic properties of materials, like phonon density of states, specific heat or speed of sound, by a new X-ray scattering technique is presented. Inelastic nuclear resonant scattering of X-rays produced from new electron storage rings, coupled with advances in high-energy-resolution crystal optics and fast detectors has enabled the development of a new method of analyzing the energy loss in a scattering process with a resolution of 10⁷ or better in the X-ray region of 6–30 keV. Some unique aspects like element (isotope) selectivity, the amount of material needed for analysis (nanograms) and physical size that X-rays can be focused (5 micrometer or better) favors this approach over more established techniques of neutron scattering, Mössbauer, and Raman spectroscopy. Applications to several unique cases (e.g., multilayers and high pressure) are discussed.     

A New Way of Looking at Nuclear Resonant Scattering

A new model for nuclear-resonant scattering of gamma radiation from resonant matter has been developed and is summarized here. This “coherent-path” model has lead to closed-form, finite-sum solutions for radiation scattered in the forward direction. The solution provides a unified microscopic picture of nuclear-resonant scattering processes. The resonant absorber or scatterer is modeled as a one-dimensional chain of “effective” nuclei or “effective” planes. The solution is interpreted as showing that the resonant radiation undergoes sequential scattering from one absorber “nucleus” or “plane” to another before reaching the detector. For recoil-free processes the various “paths” to the detector contribute coherently. The solution for this case gives calculated results that are indistinguishable from those using the classical optical model approach, although the forms of the solutions are completely different. The coherent-path model shows that the “speed-up” and “dynamical beating” effects are primarily a consequence of the fact that the single “effective” nuclear scattering processes are 180° out of phase with the incident radiation while the double nuclear scattering processes are in phase with the incident radiation. All multiple scattering paths are, and must be, included. The model can also treat the incoherent processes, i.e., processes involving gamma emission with recoil or conversion-electron emission. The source of the resonant gamma radiation can be from a radioactive source or from synchrotron radiation: both cases are treated. The model is used to explain and understand the results when each of the following experimental procedures is applied: time-differential Mössbauer spectroscopy, time-differential synchrotron radiation spectroscopy, enhanced-resolution resonant-detector Mössbauer spectroscopy, and the “gamma echo”.     

Introduction to nuclear resonant scattering with synchrotron radiation

The concepts leading to the application of synchrotron radiation to elastic and inelastic nuclear resonant scattering are discussed. The resulting new experimental techniques are compared to conventional Mössbauer spectroscopy. A survey of situations that favor experiments with synchrotron radiation is offered.

     

Heterodyne detection of synchrotron radiation

A time integral method for the study of resonant nuclear scattering of synchrotron radiation in the forward direction is presented. The method relies on the interference of radiation scattered by nuclei in two samples, one moving with respect to the other. The method, termed heterodyne detection of synchrotron radiation, gives the same information on hyperfine parameters as the well known differential method. The general formalism is developed for the case where the reference is a single line sample and the investigated sample has magnetic or quadrupole splitting. The first experiments are discussed. A comparison of time differential synchrotron radiation spectroscopy, heterodyne detection and Mössbauer spectroscopy is given.     

核物理与核探测、核分析技术的应用

文章概要介绍了随着核物理研究发展起来的辐射和粒子探测的原理、方法和主要技术,举例介绍了相关核物理与核探测、核分析的典型技术及其在高精度测量和医学中的广泛应用,如活化分析技术、穆斯堡尔谱学、核磁共振技术、加速器质谱技术、核医学成像、同步辐射技术、中子散射分析、放射性示踪技术等等.     

Temperature dependence of phonon energy spectra with nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation

Summary The phonon energy spectra of a polycrystalline α-Fe foil were observed at 150 K and 300 K by using the nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation. In each spectrum, inelastic scattering was observed at both sides of the elastic peak. It was found that the ratio of the elastic-scattering component and the asymmetry of the intensity of the side bands observed at 150 K are larger than those observed at 300 K, respectively. The observed temperature-dependent spectra are in good agreement with the spectra calculated from the phonon energy distribution function. One of the advantageous features of this method is that the excitation of only a specific element is possible. Our results show that this method is applicable to the study of lattice dynamics and opens a new field of the nuclear resonant scattering spectroscopy. Paper presented at ICAME-95, Rimini, 10–16 September 1995.     

Grazing‐incidence synchrotron‐radiation 57Fe‐Mössbauer spectroscopy using a nuclear Bragg monochromator and its application to the study of magnetic thin films

Energy‐domain grazing‐incidence ⁵⁷Fe‐Mössbauer spectroscopy (E‐GIMS) with synchrotron radiation (SR) has been developed to study surface and interface structures of thin films. Highly brilliant ⁵⁷Fe‐Mössbauer radiation, filtered from SR by a ⁵⁷FeBO₃ single‐crystal nuclear Bragg monochromator, allows conventional Mössbauer spectroscopy to be performed for dilute ⁵⁷Fe in a mirror‐like film in any bunch‐mode operation of SR. A theoretical and experimental study of the specular reflections from isotope‐enriched (⁵⁷Fe: 95%) and natural‐abundance (⁵⁷Fe: ～2%) iron thin films has been carried out to clarify the basic features of the coherent interference between electronic and nuclear resonant scattering of ⁵⁷Fe‐Mössbauer radiation in thin films. Moreover, a new surface‐ and interface‐sensitive method has been developed by the combination of SR‐based E‐GIMS and the ⁵⁷Fe‐probe layer technique, which enables us to probe interfacial complex magnetic structures in thin films with atomic‐scale depth resolution.