Transient response of dissimilar piezoelectric layers with multiple interacting interface cracks

In this study, we examine the dynamic behavior of two bonded dissimilar piezoelectric layers containing multiple interfacial cracks subjected to electro-mechanical impact loading. The problem was formulated through Fourier transformation into singular integral equations in which the unknown variables are the jumps of displacement and electric potential across the crack surface in the Laplace transform domain. The resulting integral equations together with the corresponding single-valued conditions are solved numerically for the densities of electro-elastic dislocations on a crack surface. The dynamic field intensity factors and dynamic energy release rate (DERR) history are obtained for both permeable and impermeable crack. The stress field is also obtained for the interface crack under impact loads. The results show that the field intensity factors at the crack tips and dynamic energy release rate depend on the interfacial crack geometry, electromechanical coupling and the electric boundary conditions on the crack surface.     

压电材料中两平行不相等界面裂纹的动态特性研究

利用Schmidt方法,研究了压电材料中两个平行不相等的可导通界面裂纹对简谐反平面剪切波的散射问题．利用Fourier变换,使问题的求解转换为对两对以裂纹面张开位移为未知变量的对偶积分方程的求解．数值计算结果表明,动态应力强度因子及电位移强度因子受裂纹的几何参数、入射波频率的影响．在特殊情况下,与已有结果进行了比较分析．同时,电位移强度因子远小于不可导通电边界条件下相应问题的结果．     

夹层压电材料中垂直于界面的共线双裂纹动力学问题分析

采用Schmidt方法分析了在简谐反平面剪切波作用下,两个半空间夹层压电材料中的共线裂纹的动力学行为．压电材料层内裂纹垂直于界面,电边界条件假设为可导通．通过Fourier变换,使问题的求解转换为两对三重积分对偶方程．通过数值计算,给出了裂纹的几何尺寸、压电材料常数、入射波频率等对于应力强度因子的影响．结果表明,在不同的入射波频率范围,动力场将阻碍或促使压电材料内裂纹的扩展．与不可导通电边界条件相比,导通裂纹表面的电位移强度因子比不可导通裂纹的电位移强度因子要小许多．     

压电材料中两个非对称平行裂纹的基本解

采用Schmidt方法分析压电材料中非对称平行的双可导通裂纹的断裂性能．利用Fourier变换使问题的求解转换为求解两对以裂纹面位移之差为未知变量的对偶积分方程．为了求解对偶积分方程,直接把裂纹面位移差函数展开成Jacobi多项式形式．最终得到了裂纹的应力强度因子与电位移强度因子之间的关系．数值结果表明,应力强度因子和电位移强度因子与裂纹间的距离、裂纹的几何尺寸有关;与不可导通裂纹有关结果相比,可导通裂纹的电位移强度因子远小于相应问题不可导通裂纹的电位移强度因子．同时可以发现裂纹间的“屏蔽”效应也在压电材料中出现．     

Closed-form solutions for two collinear dielectric cracks in a magnetoelectroelastic solid

The problem of two collinear electromagnetically dielectric cracks in a magnetoelectroelastic material is investigated under in-plane electro-magneto-mechanical loadings. The semi-permeable crack-face boundary conditions are adopted to simulate the case of two collinear cracks full of a dielectric interior. Utilizing the Fourier transform technique, the boundary-value problem is reduced to solving singular integral equations with Cauchy kernel, which then are solved explicitly. The intensity factors of stress, electric displacement, magnetic induction, crack opening displacement (COD) and the energy release rates near the inner and outer crack tips are determined in closed forms for two cases of possible far-field electro-magneto-mechanical loadings respectively. Numerical results for a BaTiO₃–CoFe₂O₄ composite are carried out to show the effects of applied mechanical loadings on the crack-face electric displacement and magnetic induction, the stress intensity factor and the COD intensity factor, respectively. The obtained results reveal that when the applied mechanical loading is stress, applied electromagnetic loadings have no influences on the stress intensity factor. When the applied mechanical loadings is train, the applied positive electromagnetic loadings decrease the intensity factors of stress and COD, and the applied negative ones increase the intensity factors of stress and COD. The variations of energy release rates are also given to show the effects of the geometry of two collinear dielectric cracks.     

压电材料中两平行对称可导通裂纹断裂性能分析

采用Schmidt研究了压电材料中对称平行的双可导通裂纹的断裂性能,利用富里叶变换使问题的求解转换为求解两对以裂纹面位移之差为未知变量的对偶积分方程,并采用Schmidt方法来对这两对对偶积分程进行数值求解。结果表明应力强度因子和电位移强度因子与裂纹的几何尺寸有关。与不可导通裂纹有关结果相比,可导通裂纹的电位移强度因子远小于相应问题不可导通裂纹的电位移强度因子。     

Basic solutions of a 3D rectangular limited-permeable crack or two 3D rectangular limited-permeable cracks in the piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composite materials

The solutions of a three-dimensional rectangular limited-permeable crack or two three-dimensional rectangular limited-permeable cracks in the piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composite materials were investigated by using the generalized Almansi’s theorem and the Schmidt method. Finally, the relations among the electric field, the magnetic flux field and the stress field near the crack tips were obtained and the effects of the electric permittivity, the magnetic permeability of the air inside the crack, the shape of the rectangular crack on the stress, the electric displacement and magnetic flux intensity factors in the piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composite materials were analyzed.     

不同功能梯度压电压磁层状介质中共线界面裂纹的动态性能分挝

对不同功能梯度压电压磁层状介质中,共线界面裂纹对简谐应力波作用下的动态问题,进行了分析.经Fourier变换,使问题的求解转换为求解以裂纹面上位移间断为未知量的三重对偶积分方程,三重对偶方程可以采用Schmidt方法来求解,进而分析了功能梯度参数、入射波频率和层状介质厚度对应力、电位移和磁通量强度因子的影响.     

Magnetoelectroelastodynamic interaction of multiple arbitrarily oriented planar cracks

The problem of multiple arbitrarily oriented planar cracks in an infinite magnetoelectroelastic space under dynamic loadings is considered. An explicit solution to the problem is given in the Laplace transform domain in terms of suitable exponential Fourier integral representations. The unknown functions in the Fourier integrals are directly related to the Laplace transform of the jumps in the displacements, electric potential and magnetic potential across opposite crack faces and are to be determined by solving a system of hypersingular integral equations. Once the hypersingular integral equations are solved, the displacements, electric potential, magnetic potential and other quantities of interest such as the crack tip intensity factors may be easily computed in the Laplace transform domain and recovered in the physical space with the help of a suitable algorithm for inverting Laplace transforms.     

Strip electro-mechanical yielding model for piezoelectric plate cut along two equal collinear cracks

The multiple-crack problems for piezoelectric ceramics till now have not yet address the crack opening arrest problem. The present work addresses this paucity. A 2-D strip-electro-mechanical yielding model is proposed for a transversely isotropic piezoelectric media weakened by two internal equal collinear straight cracks. The infinite boundary is prescribed with combined uniform constant in-plane mechanical and electrical loads. Developed mechanical and electric strip zones are arrested by prescribing over their rims uniform, normal, cohesive yield point stress and saturation limit electric displacement. Two cases are considered when saturation zone is bigger than developed yield zone and vice versa. Stroh formulation together with complex variable technique is employed to obtain the solution. Closed form expressions are derived for saturation zone length, yield zone length, crack opening displacement (COD), crack opening potential jump (COP) and energy release rate (ERR). An illustrative numerical study is prescribed to determine the effect of various parameters on the crack growth arrest and presented graphically. The results reveal that the model is capable of crack arrest under small-scale mechanical and electric yielding.     

Strip-saturation model for piezoelectric plane weakened by two collinear cracks with coalesced interior zones

A strip-saturation model is proposed for a transversely isotropic piezoelectric plane weakened by two collinear equal cracks, when developed saturation zones at the interior tips of the cracks get coalesced. The plane is subjected to unidirectional, normal (to the crack length) in-plane tension and electric displacement. The developed saturation zones are arrested by distributing over their rims the normal, cohesive, unidirectional saturation-limit electrical displacement. The solution is obtained using Stroh formulation and complex variable technique. Closed form expressions are derived for crack opening displacement (COD), crack potential drop (COP), field intensity factors, length of saturation zone, energy release rate. Case study carried out for PZT-4 to show the effects of inter-crack distance on the stress intensity factor. The variations of energy release rates are plotted for PZT-4, PZT-5H and BaTiO₃ to study the effects of the geometry of the two cracks.     

A Yoffe-type moving crack in one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals

A Yoffe-type moving crack in one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals is considered. The Fourier transform technique is used to solve a moving crack problem under the action of antiplane shear and inplane electric field. Full elastic stresses of phonon and phason fields and electric fields are derived for a crack running with constant speed in the periodic plane. Obtained results show that the coupled elastic fields inside piezoelectric quasicrystals depend on the speed of crack propagation, and exhibit the usual square-root singularity at the moving crack tip. Electric field and phason stresses do not have singularity and electric displacement and phonon stresses have the inverse square-root singularity at the crack tip for a permeable crack. The field intensity factors and energy release rates are obtained in closed form. The crack velocity does not affect the field intensity factors, but alters the dynamic energy release rate. Bifurcation angle of a moving crack in a 1D hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal is evaluated from the viewpoint of energy balance. Obtained results are helpful to better understanding crack advance in piezoelectric quasicrystals.     

Transient response of a semi-infinite piezoelectric layer with a surface permeable crack

The transient response of a semi-infinite transversely isotropic piezoelectric layer containing a surface crack is analyzed for the case where anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electric impacts are suddenly exerted at the layer end. The integral transform techniques are used to reduce the associated mixed initial boundary value problem to a singular integral equation of the first kind, which can be solved numerically via the Lobatto–Chebyshev collocation technique. Dynamic field intensity factors are determined by employing a numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. The dynamic stress intensity factors are presented graphically and the effects of the material properties and geometric parameters are examined. Received: June 30, 2003     

Non-local theory solution of two collinear mode-I cracks in piezoelectric materials

In this paper, the basic solution of two collinear cracks in a piezoelectric material plane subjected to a uniform tension loading is investigated by means of the non-local theory. Through the Fourier transform, the problem is solved with the help of two pairs of integral equations, in which the unknown variables are the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces. To solve the integral equations, the jumps of displacements across the crack surfaces are directly expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials. Numerical examples are provided to show the effects of the interaction of two cracks, the materials constants and the lattice parameter on the stress field and the electric displacement field near crack tips. Unlike the classical elasticity solution, it is found that no stress and electric displacement singularities are present at crack tips. The non-local elastic solutions yield a finite hoop stress at the crack tip, thus allowing us to using the maximum stress as a fracture criterion in piezoelectric materials.     

压电介质内裂纹问题的精确解

在压电介质断裂力学分析中,人们常假定裂纹面上的电位移法向分量为零,可是实验表明,这一假设将导致错误的结果。本文基于精确的电边界条件,并应用Stroh公式的方法,导出了含裂纹压电介质在无限远处均匀外载作用下二维问题的精确解。结果表明:(ⅰ)应力强度因子与各向同性材料相同,而电位移强度因子取决于材料常数和机械载荷,但与电载荷无关;(ⅱ)能量释放率大于纯弹性各向异性材料内的值,即总是正的,且与电载荷无关;(ⅲ)裂纹内所含空气的介电常数对介质内的场强无影响。     

横观各向同性电磁弹性介质中裂纹对SH波的散射

研究横观各向同性电磁弹性介质中裂纹和反平面剪切波之间的相互作用．根据电磁弹性介质的平衡运动微分方程、电位移和磁感应强度微分方程,得到SH波传播的控制场方程．引入线性变换,将控制场方程简化为Helmholtz方程和两个Laplace方程A·D2通过Fourier变换,并采用非电磁渗透型裂面边界条件,得到了柯西奇异积分方程组．利用Chebyshev多项式求解积分方程,得到应力场、电场和磁场以及动应力强度因子的表达,并给出了数值算例．     

Poling angle effect on two mode-III semi-permeable collinear cracks in a piezoelectric strip: Strip-saturation model

A mathematical strip-saturation model is proposed to analyze the influence of changing poling direction on two hairline electrically semi-permeable collinear cracks embedded in a piezoelectric strip. The remote boundaries of the piezoelectric strip are subjected to anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electrical loads. Fourier series method is applied to transform the model into triple series equations which are then reduced to singular integral equations using the integral equation technique. The closed-form analytical expressions are derived for saturation zones length, crack-sliding displacement (CSD), crack opening potential drop (COPD), intensity factors (IFs), and energy release rate (ERR). Influence of the poling angle on CSD, COPD, and ERR are shown graphically for various cracked piezoelectric ceramics. In addition, the numerical study is also presented for analyzing the effect of inter-crack distance and prescribed electrical and mechanical loadings on the fracture parameters. All graphical results are analyzed and compared.     

Electrostrictive stresses near crack-like flaws

Slit cracks in purely dielectric material systems do not perturb any applied uniform electric field. Furthermore, when the dielectric is unconstrained and does not support any conducting plates or mechanical loads, there are no additional mechanical stresses generated in the material upon introduction of the crack. This situation applies to both electrostrictive and piezoelectric materials. However, flaws which have finite thickness such as thin elliptical or ellipsoidal voids will cause severe inhomogeneous concentration of the electric field. In turn, this can generate substantial mechanical stress from electrostrictive or piezoelectric sources. The effect of an elliptical through flaw in an infinite isotropic body is considered. It is found that, in the case of thin ellipses, the near flaw tip mechanical stresses approximate the singular stresses near a slit crack with an equivalent stress intensity factor. In that sense, the flaw may be considered as a slit crack and treated in terms of linear elastic fracture mechanics. However, except for impermeable and conducting flaws, the value of the equivalent stress intensity factor depends on the aspect ratio of the flaw. As the aspect ratio of the flaw diminishes, the magnitude of the equivalent stress intensity factor falls and disappears in the limit of a slit crack. The results are used to show that a flaw-like crack in a material with a very high dielectric constant can be treated by fracture mechanics as an impermeable slit crack when the flaw aspect ratio is an order of magnitude greater than the ratio of dielectric permittivities (flaw value divided by the value for the surrounding material).     

A strip yield model solution for an internally cracked piezoelectric strip

An analysis of the crack closure and fatigue crack growth rate have been carried out for an infinitely long poled piezoelectric ceramic strip weakened by a straight hair line internal crack. The ceramic under consideration is assumed to be mechanically more brittle. The crack faces are perpendicular to the poled direction of the strip. The crack faces open in Mode-I deformation on account of in-plane tension applied to the edges of the strip together with either an in-plane electric displacement prescribed on edges of the strip or a uniform constant electric field prescribed on its edges. As a result, a yield zone is formed ahead of each tip of the crack. The yield zones developed are then arrested by applying a normal, cohesive, linearly varying yield point-stress to their rims. For each case, the Fourier transform method is used to find a solution. The resulting integral equations are solved numerically. Expressions are derived for the crack opening displacement and the crack growth rate. The variations in these quantities are plotted in relation to the affecting parameters, viz., the strip thickness, the yield zone length, the electric displacement, and material constants. A case study is presented graphically for PZT-4, PZT-5H, and BaTiO₃ ceramics. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 647–664, September–October, 2008.     

无限压电体内共线周期裂纹间的相互作用

研究了无限压电体内共线周期裂纹间的相互作用的问题,并且考虑了裂纹尖端的饱和条带作用．应用Stroh理论和保角变换方法,得到了共线裂纹的一般周期解A·D2对应力强度因子和饱和条带尺寸进行了理论推导,详细分析了它们与周期长和半裂纹长的比值h/l之间的关系．数值结果表明:1) 当h/l大于4.0时,裂纹之间的相互作用对应力强度因子影响较小,无限压电体内周期裂纹和单裂纹的值几乎相等．这表明当h大于4.0l时,建立裂纹扩展判据时可以近似忽略裂纹之间的相互作用;2) 周期裂纹的饱和条带尺寸趋近于单裂纹值的速度,取决于无穷远处的电载荷,通常无穷远处的电载荷越大,趋近速度越慢．