Review: Gas of Wormholes: A Possible Ground State of Quantum Gravity

In order to gain insight into the possible Ground State of Quantized Einstein's Gravity, we have derived a variational calculation of the energy of the quantum gravitational field in an open space, as measured by an asymptotic observer living in an asymptotically flat space-time. We find that for Quantum Gravity (QG) it is energetically favourable to perform its quantum fluctuations not upon flat space-time but around a "gas" of wormholes of mass m _p, the Planck mass (m _p 10¹⁹ GeV) and average distance l _p, the Planck length a _p(a _p 10^–33 cm). As a result, assuming such configuration to be a good approximation to the true Ground State of Quantum Gravity, space-time, the arena of physical reality, turns out to be well described by Wheeler's quantum foam and adequately modeled by a space-time lattice with lattice constant l _p, the Planck lattice.     

Possible Alterations of Local Gravitational Field Inside a Superconductor

We calculate the possible interaction between a superconductor and the static Earth’s gravitational fields, making use of the gravito-Maxwell formalism combined with the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory. We try to estimate which are the most favorable conditions to enhance the effect, optimizing the superconductor parameters characterizing the chosen sample. We also give a qualitative comparison of the behavior of high–Tc and classical low–Tc superconductors with respect to the gravity/superfluid interplay.     

Anomalous Spin Textures in a 2D Topological Superconductor Induced by Point Impurities

Topological superconductors are foreseen as good candidates for the search of Majorana zero modes, where they appear as edge states and can be used for quantum computation. In this context, it becomes necessary to study the robustness and behavior of electron states in topological superconductors when a magnetic or non-magnetic impurity is present. The focus is on scattering resonances in the bands and on spin texture to know what the spin behavior of the electrons in the system will be. It is found that the scattering resonances appear outside the superconducting gap, thus providing evidence of topological robustness. Non-trivial and anisotropic spin textures related to the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction are also found. The spin textures show a Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction governed by Friedel oscillations. It is believed that the results are useful for further studies which consider many-point-impurity scattering or a more structured impurity potential with a finite range.     

低能离子诱导拟南芥基因组不稳定性的研究

体细胞同源重组产生的DNA重排、 缺失和复制等是基因组不稳定的重要指标, 以拟南芥菜GUS基因重组报告系R2L100和R3L66为实验材料, 以体细胞同源重组频率（每个植株上的GUS斑点数目）作为评估标准, 研究低能Ar+离子和α粒子辐射对植物基因组稳定性的影响。 结果表明: 30 keV的Ar+离子辐照拟南芥干种子, 在500×1013—3 000×1013 ions/cm2剂量范围内, 同源重组频率与对照相比明显升高, 最大值是对照的2.4倍; 3.3 MeV的α粒子辐照萌发4 d后的幼苗, 同源重组频率随着剂量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势, 最大值是对照的1.9倍, 对应的辐照剂量是10 Gy。 以上实验结果表明, 低穿透能力的辐射能有效增加植物基因组的不稳定性。 α粒子辐照拟南芥菜幼苗的根, 未受到辐照的地上部分的同源重组频率较对照增加2.5倍, 表明低能离子诱导的基因组不稳定信号在植物个体水平是可以长程输运的。 以上结果从另一个侧面解释了低能离子的诱变机制。 The somatic homologous recombination was frequently used to evaluate genome stability because it can result in DNA changes, such as rearrangement, deletion and duplication. In this paper, we used Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic for GUS recombination substrate (R2L100 and R3L66) to study the genomic instability induced by low energy ion and α particle characteristic of short penetrating properties. The dry seeds of R3L66 line were irradiated by 30 keV Argon ion, the Homologous Recombination Frequency (HRF) had a significant increase at dose range of 500×1013—3 000×1013 ions/cm2. The highest level of HRF was 2.42 fold over the control. The 3.3 MeV α particles were used to radiate 4 day old seedlings of R2L100 line. The HRFs had a dose dependent increase at dose of 1—10 Gy, and a dose dependent decrease at 10—100 Gy. The highest level of HRF induced by α particle was 1.9 fold over control at the dose of 10 Gy. These results indicate that short penetrating irradiation can effectively trigger the plant genomic instability at the level of plant. The local irradiation on the roots of R2L100 by α particle resulted in a 2.5 fold increase of HRF in non irradiated aerial plant,which indicates that a signal of genomic instability generated by α particle radiation can systemically travel in whole plant. It is possible that the genome instability induced by low energy ion is a major part of its mutagenic mechanism.     

斜界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性混合实验研究

 实验研究了不相溶流体斜界面Rayleigh-Taylor（R-T）不稳定性湍流混合区的混合不对称性特征。利用高压气体加速装有不同液体的箱体,加速度方向由轻液体指向重液体,此时界面是R-T不稳定性的。利用阴影测试技术,研究了初始倾角9°的ZnCl₂溶液/正己烷斜界面的演化规律,得出混合区内混合不对称、斜界面倾角渐增的规律。     

BTCF上离子引起的束流不稳定性研究

对所设计的北京τ-粲工厂(BTCF)高亮度对撞模式下电子环中的离子引起的束流不稳定性做了研究.计算了不同束团填充空隙下的离子俘获比,然后用自编的模拟程序对BTCF上快束流–离子不稳定性做了模拟跟踪,得到的快束流–离子不稳定性的增长时间和理论解析计算值基本一致.     

Possible Evidence for Spin-Transfer Torque Induced by Spin-Triplet Supercurrents

The mutual interplay between superconductivity and magnetism in superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures may give rise to unusual proximity effects beyond current knowledge. Especially, spin-triplet Cooper pairs could be created at carefully engineered superconductor/ferromagnet interfaces. Here we report a giant proximity effect on spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor Josephson junctions. Below the superconducting transition temperature T_C, the ferromagnetic resonance field at X-band(~9.0 GHz) shifts rapidly to a lower field with decreasing temperature. In strong contrast, this phenomenon is absent in ferromagnet/superconductor bilayers and superconductor/insulator/ferromagnet/superconductor multilayers. Such an intriguing phenomenon can not be interpreted by the conventional Meissner effect. Instead, we propose that the strong influence on spin dynamics could be due to spin-transfer torque associated with spin-triplet supercurrents in ferromagnetic Josephson junctions with precessing magnetization.     

Sufficient Conditions of the Same State Order Induced by Coherence

In this paper, we study coherence-induced state ordering with Tsallis relative entropy of coherence, relative entropy of coherence and l₁ norm of coherence, and give the sufficient conditions of the same state order induced by above coherence measures. First, we show that the above measures give the same ordering for single-qubit states in some special cases. Second, we consider some special states in a d-dimensional quantum system. We show that the above measures generate the same ordering for these special states. Finally, we discuss dynamics of coherence-induced state ordering under Markovian channels. We find amplitude damping channel changes the coherence-induced ordering even though for single-qubit states with fixed mixedness.     

Sufficient Conditions of the Same State Order Induced by Coherence

In this paper, we study coherence-induced state ordering with Tsallis relative entropy of coherence, relative entropy of coherence and l1 norm of coherence, and give the sufficient conditions of the same state order induced by above coherence measures. First, we show that the above measures give the same ordering for single-qubit states in some special cases. Second, we consider some special states in a d-dimensional quantum system. We show that the above measures generate the same ordering for these special states. Finally, we discuss dynamics of coherence-induced state ordering under Markovian channels. We find amplitude damping channel changes the coherence-induced ordering even though for single-qubit states with fixed mixedness.     

Characterization of Coupled Ground State and Excited State Equilibria by Fluorescence Spectral Deconvolution

Fluorescence probes with multiparametric response based on the relative variation in the intensities of several emission bands are of great general utility. An accurate interpretation of the system requires the determination of the number, positions and intensities of the spectral components. We have developed a new algorithm for spectral deconvolution that is applicable to fluorescence probes exhibiting a two-state ground-state equilibrium and a two-state excited-state reaction. Three distinct fluorescence emission bands are resolved, with a distribution of intensities that is excitation-wavelength-dependent. The deconvolution of the spectrum into individual components is based on their representation as asymmetric Siano-Metzler log-normal functions. The application of the algorithm to the solvation response of a 3-hydroxychromone (3HC) derivative that exhibits an H-bonding-dependent excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction allowed the separation of the spectral signatures characteristic of polarity and hydrogen bonding. This example demonstrates the ability of the method to characterize two potentially uncorrelated parameters characterizing dye environment and interactions.     

Calculation of the α-Particle Ground State

The correlated hyperspherical harmonic expansion method is used to calculate α-particle properties with a realistic Hamiltonian consisting of the Argonne V14 two-nucleon and Urbana model VIII three-nucleon potentials. The calculated binding energy, mass radius and wave percentages are close to the corresponding quantities obtained with Green's-function Monte-Carlo and Faddeev-Yakubovsky techniques. Received June 29, 1994; accepted for publication August 12, 1994     

Ground State Properties of the SSH Model

Ground state properties of the SSH model are studied. In particular, the uniqueness of the ground state is proven. As a consequence, characteristic spin structure of the ground state is revealed.     

激波诱导火焰界面失稳的并行化学加速计算

在带有详细化学反应机理的可压缩反应流数值模拟中,化学反应源项的计算会极大增加计算时间,基于建表技术的化学加速算法可以通过查找数据表中的数据来替代化学反应计算,从而有效提高计算效率,但数据表尺寸的过度增长会导致计算的中断.文章提出了基于两种数据表容量控制策略的并行动态存储/删除算法,并在激波诱导火焰界面失稳的数值模拟中进行了应用,以考察算法的性能.两种数据表容量控制策略分别为单表容量（M_sin）控制和总表容量（M_tot）控制,当单个数据表尺寸达到M_sin或总数据表尺寸达到M_tot时,对数据表进行节点删除,以保证计算的正常进行.计算结果表明,文章提出的基于表容量控制的并行加速算法,其计算准确度和计算效率之间存在关联,具有较好计算准确度算例显示了较高的计算效率.在不同的M_sin和M_tot条件下,计算的化学加速比在2.73~3.93之间.两种表控策略的组合影响了数据表删除的频率和删除之间的同步性,当数据表删除频率小、删除同步性强时,化学加速比要更高.      

OH分子基态和第一激发态的势能函数

采用多参考组态作用(MRCI)方法和aug-cc-pVTZ,aug-cc-pVQZ,cc-pV5Z,6-311++g(d,p)和6-311++g(3df,3pd)几个不同基组对OH分子的基态(X²Π)和第一激发态(A²Σ⁺)的势能曲线进行计算.选用Murrell-Sorbie势能函数对曲线进行拟合,利用拟合的参数值计算出力常数和光谱数据.结果表明计算值与实验值吻合较好.     

What Oxidation State of Iron Determines the Amethyst Colour?

A colourless quartz crystal doped with ⁵⁷Fe³⁺ was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis in an NH₄F solution. The crystal was transformed into violet amethyst by gamma-irradiation. The change in colour was accompanied by changes in the Mössbauer spectrum that can be interpreted as the conversion of trivalent iron into the tetravalent state: Fe³⁺→Fe⁴⁺.

     

State Transition Induced by Self-Steepening and Self Phase-Modulation

We present a rational solution for a mixed nonlinear Schr6dinger （MNLS） equation. This solution has two free parameters, a and b, representing the contributions of self-steepening and self phase-modulation （SPM） of an associated physical system, respectively. It describes five soliton states： a paired bright-bright soliton, a single soliton, a paired bright-grey soliton, a paired bright-black soliton, and a rogue wave state. We show that the transition among these live states is induced by self-steepening and SPM through tuning the values of a and b. This is a unique and potentially fundamentally important phenomenon in a physical system described by the MNLS eauation.     

Exact Ground State Energy of the Strong-Coupling Polaron

The polaron has been of interest in condensed matter theory and field theory for about half a century, especially the limit of large coupling constant, α. It was not until 1983, however, that a proof of the asymptotic formula for the ground state energy was finally given by using difficult arguments involving the large deviation theory of path integrals. Here we derive the same asymptotic result, , and with explicit error bounds, by simple, rigorous methods applied directly to the Hamiltonian. Our method is easily generalizable to other settings, e.g., the excitonic and magnetic polarons. Received: 6 May 1996/Accepted: 20 May 1996