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1.
Calcium and barium zirconate powders based upon CaZrO3:Eu3+,A and BaZrO3:Eu3+,A (A=Li+, Na+, K+) were prepared by combustion synthesis method and heating to ~1000℃ to improve crystallinity.The structure and morphology of materials were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). XRD results showed that CaZrO3:Eu3+,A and BaZrO3:Eu3+,A (A=Li+, Na+, K+) perovskites possessed orthorhombic and cubic structures, respectively. The morphologies of all powderswere very similar consisting of small, coagulated, cubical particles with narrow size distributions andsmooth and regular surfaces. The characteristic luminescences of Eu3+ ions in CaZrO3:Eu3+,A (A=Li+, Na+, K+) lattices were present with strong emissions at 614 and 625 nm for 5D07F2 transitions with other weakeremissions observed at 575, 592, 655, and 701 nm corresponding to 5D07Fn transitions (where n=0, 1, 3, 4 respectively). In BaZrO3:Eu3+ both the 5D07F1 and 5D07F2 transitions at 595 and 613 nm were strong.Photoluminescence intensities of CaZrO3:Eu3+ samples were higher than those of BaZrO3:Eu3+ lattices. Thisremarkable increase of photoluminescence intensity (corresponding to 5D07Fn transitions) was observedin CaZrO3:Eu3+ and BaZrO3:Eu3+ if co-doped with Li+ ions. An additional broad band composed of manypeaks between 440 to 575 nm was observed in BaZrO3:Eu3+,,A samples. The intensity of this band wasgreatest in Li+ co-doped samples and lowest for K+ doped samples.  相似文献   

2.
Summary Bound rovibrational levels have been calculated for NeH 2 + , NeHD+, and NeD 2 + using three recent fits to an accurateab initio PES. The NeH 2 + molecule behaves essentially as a linear molecule, the predicted rotational constant is 2.57 cm–1. The fundamental frequencies are 811, 1189, and 1748 cm–1 for the Ne-H 2 + stretch, the Ne-H 2 + bend and H 2 + stretching modes, respectively.Dedicated to the 60th birthday of Prof. W. Kutzelnigg, Bochum  相似文献   

3.
Summary Indirect photometric and unsuppressed direct conductivity detection modes are examined using naphthalene mono-, di-, and tri-sulfonate as mobile phases for the separation of several anions such as F, Cl, NO2 , Br, NO3 , SO4=,I, and SCN using a commercial anion exchange column. With all three mobile phases, conductivity detection shows better sensitivities and detection limits than indirect photometry. Conductivity detection is 5 to 16 times more sensitive than indirect photometry for all analytes. Detection limits achieved using these mobile phases are, for example, 0.04 ng and 0.1 ng for chloride ion with conductivity and indirect photometry, respectively. Both detection modes give wide linear ranges extending from at least 100 ppm to the detection limit of each anion which is generally about 0.02 ppm. Sulfur oxide anions such as dithionate and tetrathionate are separated using flow programming with naphthalenetrisulfonate as the mobile phase in less than 20 minutes. With both detection modes, desired chromatographic performance of these three eluents is achieved without pH adjustment of the mobile phase.  相似文献   

4.
The dibenzo[3n]crown-n were synthesised from1,2-bis(o-hydroxyphenoxy)ethane obtained from 1,2-bis(o-formylphenoxy)ethane via Bayer-Willigeroxidations with H2O2/CH3COOH in good yields. The cyclic condensation of 1,2-bis(o-hydroxyphenoxy)ethanewith dichlorides, and ditosylates of polyethylene glycols in DMF/Me2CO3 gave the macrocyclesdibenzo[15]crown-5, dibenzo[18]crown-6, dibenzo[21]crown-7 anddibenzo[24]crown-8. The structures were identified using IR, mass, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Therecognition of the molecules for the cations, Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Zn2+were conducted quantitatively with steady state fluorescencespectroscopy. The 1:1 association constants in acetonitrileshowed a good relation of the appropriate size of the macrocyclic ether towards the fitting cationradii. Namely, dibenzo[15]crown-5 was the best for Li+ binding and more than 100 times better thanNa+ and K+. Dibenzo[21]crown-7 was excellent for Rb+ binding while K+ is 100 timesless preferred. The largest crown ether studied, dibenzo[24]crown-8, exhibited the order of binding power,Rb+ > K+ > Na+. Zn2+ displayed, however, a marked binding with only dibenzo[18]crown-6.p>  相似文献   

5.
To achieve rapid and highly efficient recovery of Li+ from seawater, a series of H2TiO3/cellulose aerogels (HTO/CA) with a porous network were prepared by a simple and effective method. The as-prepared HTO/CA were characterized and their Li+ adsorption performance was evaluated. The obtained results revealed that the maximum capacity of HTO/CA to adsorb Li+ was 28.58 ± 0.71 mg g−1. The dynamic k2 value indicated that the Li+ adsorption rate of HTO/CA was nearly five times that of HTO powder. Furthermore, the aerogel retained extremely high Li+ selectivity compared with Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and Na+. After regeneration for five cycles, the HTO/CA retained a Li+ adsorption capacity of 22.95 mg g−1. Moreover, the HTO/CA showed an excellent adsorption efficiency of 69.93% ± 0.04% and high selectivity to Li+ in actual seawater. These findings confirm its potential as an adsorbent for recovering Li+ from seawater.  相似文献   

6.
Mixed alkali hexafluorotitanates of the composition LiMTiF6 are synthesized, which crystallize with the orthorhombic symmetry. The lattice parameters of these materials are determined. It is shown that substitution of the Li+ cation in Li2TiF6 by Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ leads to various degrees of distortion of the hexafluoroion. It is determined (19F NMR data) that the change in the dynamic state of the octahedral [TiF6]2– ions is related to their transition from the hindered-rotational to the isotropic state.Institute of Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2483–2490, November, 1992.  相似文献   

7.
We investigated the electronic structure and chemical bonding of the B3 , Al3 , and Ga3 anions, and the gas phase NaB3, NaAl3, and NaGa3 molecules. We found that the ground state of the neutral gas phase salts contains an equilateral triangular anion interacting with a Na+ cation. The B3 , Al3 , and Ga3 anions possess two delocalized electrons and are found to be aromatic. The triangular anions have been shown to be related to recently synthesized organometallic compound containing an aromatic -Ga3 2– unit, but they are differ from them by four valence electrons. The reason for earlier appearance of the -orbital in the B3 , Al3 , and Ga3 anions is discussed.  相似文献   

8.
Protonation constants of o-phosphate were studied potentiometrically, using the (H+)-glass electrode in aqueous NaCl, KCl and tetraethylammonium iodide solutions, at 0IIM and 10T50°C. The differences found in the protonation constants for different salt solutions are explained by a complex formation model. The formation of the species MPO 4 2– , MHPO 4 , MH2PO 4 0 , M2PO 4 and M2HPO 4 0 (M=Na+, K+) is hypothesized. In mixed NaCl-KCl solutions, it is possible to find the mixed metal species NaKPO 4 and NaKHPO 4 0 . Ionic strength and temperature dependence parameters are reported for all species. The relevance of Na+ and K+ complexes is discussed in connection with speciation problems of natural fluids, such as marine water and urine.  相似文献   

9.
The potentialities of new ionic liquids (ILs) based on choline were evaluated as an electrophoretic medium in capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of alkaline and alkaline earth cations (Li+, K+, Na+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+) with indirect UV detection. Two types of capillaries were tested: an untreated fused silica and fused silica coated with a film of polyvinylalcohol. The coated capillary proved to be the best adapted for the metal ions studied. Moreover, it appeared that the nature of the ionic liquid anion influenced the baseline stability, and the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (NTf2 ) anion seemed to be the most efficient. These preliminary studies led us to synthesize a new ionic liquid, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-phenylethanaminium NTf2 (phenylcholine NTf2). This liquid was able to act as the running electrolyte and probe, generating the background signal in indirect UV light and consequently simplifying the electrophoretic medium. Excellent baseline stability, good reproducibility, as well as good sensitivity of detection were obtained with this new ionic liquid. Thus, 510,000 plates/meter for Li+ with 40 mM IL were successfully obtained. The optimal concentration of IL was 20 mM with a detection limit ranging from 28 μg L−1 for Li+ to 1,000 μg L−1 for Cs+. This method (phenylcholine NTf2 with polyvinylalcohol capillary) was applied to analyze different commercial source and mineral waters. Finally, the potentiality of this ionic liquid in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis was explored. The use of phenylcholine NTf2 with a fused silica capillary, in pure methanol medium and in the presence of acetic acid, made it possible to obtain separation selectivity different from that obtained in aqueous medium.  相似文献   

10.
Some novel bis-(substituted-phenoxy) ended glycols were synthesised usinghydroxy aromatics of vanillin, o-vanillin, iso-vanillin and 4-hydroxy coumarin which reacted with bis-dihalides of polyglycols in the presence ofDMSO/alkali carbonate. The novel podands, Ar-(CH2CH2O)m-Ar,(m = 1–4), were identified with IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. The various (formyl-methoxy)phenyl and 4-oxycoumarin derivatives of glycols were studied to estimate the cation binding selectivity of SCN- salts ofLi+, Na+, K+ and Zn2+ cations in acetonitrile using steady statefluorescence spectroscopy. The relevant structures of podands have shown goodselectivity depending on the cation and the glycollength, although the chromophoreend groups have no specific contribution on binding.  相似文献   

11.
Summary The efficacity of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acids as an eluent for the separation and determination of uncommon anions has been evaluated. The intensely absorbing eluent (λmax 320 nm) offers a convenient indirect photometric approach to quantitate the species of interest in ppm and sub-ppm range. In the singlecolumn ion chromatography mode at 2 mM/2 mL/min and pH=6.0, clean separations of common and uncommon anions can be realized.  相似文献   

12.
Spinel-structured solids were studied to understand if fast Li+ ion conduction can be achieved with Li occupying multiple crystallographic sites of the structure to form a “Li-stuffed” spinel, and if the concept is applicable to prepare a high mixed electronic-ionic conductive, electrochemically active solid solution of the Li+ stuffed spinel with spinel-structured Li-ion battery electrodes. This could enable a single-phase fully solid electrode eliminating multi-phase interface incompatibility and impedance commonly observed in multi-phase solid electrolyte–cathode composites. Materials of composition Li1.25M(III)0.25TiO4, M(III) = Cr or Al were prepared through solid-state methods. The room-temperature bulk Li+-ion conductivity is 1.63 × 10−4 S cm−1 for the composition Li1.25Cr0.25Ti1.5O4. Addition of Li3BO3 (LBO) increases ionic and electronic conductivity reaching a bulk Li+ ion conductivity averaging 6.8 × 10−4 S cm−1, a total Li-ion conductivity averaging 4.2 × 10−4 S cm−1, and electronic conductivity averaging 3.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 for the composition Li1.25Cr0.25Ti1.5O4 with 1 wt. % LBO. An electrochemically active solid solution of Li1.25Cr0.25Mn1.5O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was prepared. This work proves that Li-stuffed spinels can achieve fast Li-ion conduction and that the concept is potentially useful to enable a single-phase fully solid electrode without interphase impedance.  相似文献   

13.
Raman and infrared spectra of polycrystalline6Li2C2O4 and7Li2C2O4 have been investigated in the wavenumber region from 1,800 to 40 cm–1. The internal C2O4 –2 vibrations have been studied on the basis of a D2h molecular structure and the correlation field splittings have been found to be about 40 cm–1 for the stretching modes and about 15 cm–1 for the bending modes. The external vibrations of the Li+ and C2O4 –2 sites have been discussed by considering the results of the factor group analysis and the6Li/7Li isotope effect on the normal vibrations.
Raman- und Infrarot-Spektren von6Li2C2O4 und7Li2C2O4
Zusammenfassung Es wurdenRaman- und IR-Spektren von polykristallinem6Li2C2O4 und7Li2C2O4 im Bereich der Wellenzahlen von 1800 bis 40 cm–1 untersucht. Die internen Schwingungen wurden auf der Basis einer D2h Molekülstruktur analysiert. Für die Streckschwingungen wurde eine Korrelationsaufspaltung von etwa 40 cm–1 gefunden, für die Deformationsschwingungen etwa 15 cm–1. Die Diskussion der externen Schwingungen von Li+ und C2O4 –2 erfolgte unter Berücksichtigung der Resultate der Faktorgruppenanalyse und des6Li/7Li Isotopeneffekts auf die Normalschwingungen.
  相似文献   

14.
Dissociative and nondissociative electron attachment in the electron impact energy range 0–14 eV are reported for SOF2 SOF4, SO2F2, SF4, SO2, and SiF4 compounds which can be formed by electrical discharges in SF6. The electron energy dependences of the mass-identified negative ions were determined in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The ions studied include F and SOF 2 –* from SOF2; SOF 3 and F from SOF4; SO2F 2 –* , SO2F, F 2 , and F from SO2F2; SF 4 –* and F from SF4; O, SO, and S from SO2; and SiF 3 and F from SiF4. Thermochemical data have been determined from the threshold energies of some of the fragment negative ions. Lifetimes of the anions SOF 2 –* , SO2F 2 –* , and SF 4 –* are also reported.  相似文献   

15.
Summary A pure silica gel (Pia Seed 5S-60-SIL), synthesized by the hydrolysis of pure tetraethoxysilane [Si(OCH2CH3)4], was applied as a cation-exchange stationary phase in ion chromatography with indirect photometric detection for common mono-and divalent cations (Li+, Na+, NH4 +, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) using various protonated aromatic monoamines (tyramine [4-(2-aminethyl) phenol], benzylamine, phenylethylamine, 2-methylpyridine and 2,6-dimethylpyridine) as eluet ions. When using 0.75 mM tyramine-0.25 mM oxalic acid-1.5 mM 18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane) at pH 5.0 as the eluent, excellent simultaneous separation and highly sensitive detection at 275 nm for these mono-and divalent cations were achieved on the Pia Seed 5S-60-SIL column (150×4.6 mm I.D.) in 20 min.  相似文献   

16.
采用微波固相法制备了CaWO4xEu3+,ySm3+,zLi+红色荧光粉。测量样品的XRD图、激发谱、发射谱及发光衰减曲线,研究并分析了Eu3+、Sm3+、Li+的掺杂浓度,对样品微结构、光致发光特性、能量传递及能级寿命的影响。结果表明,Eu3+、Sm3+、Li+掺杂并未引起合成粉体改变晶相,仍为CaWO4单一四方晶系结构。Eu3+、Sm3+共掺样品中,Sm3+掺杂为3%时,Sm3+对Eu3+的能量传递最有效。Li+掺杂起到了助熔剂和敏化剂的作用,使样品发光更强。在394 nm激发下,与CaWO4:3%Eu3+样品比较,3%Eu3+、3%Sm3+共掺CaWO4及3%Eu3+、3%Sm3+、1%Li+共掺CaWO4样品的发光分别增强2倍及2.4倍。同一激发波长下,单掺Eu3+样品寿命最短,Sm3+、Eu3+共掺样品随Sm3+浓度增加,寿命先减小后增加,且掺杂了Li+的样品比不掺Li+的样品5D0能级寿命有所增加。  相似文献   

17.
Summary Four azo compounds based on 5-aminoindazole have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis as well as different spectroscopic techniques. The potentiality of the prepared compounds as new chromophoric reagents for the spectrophotometric determination of VO 2 + was studied by extensive investigation of optimum conditions favouring the formation of the coloured complexes. The effect of interfering ions on the determination of VO 2 + was investigated.Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 1.0–12 µg/ml. The detection limits are 0.8, 0.9, 0.7, and 1.1 µg/ml using reagent1a,1b,1c, and1d, respectively. The standard deviations of the proposed method are 0.098, 0.111, 0.089, and 0.078. The molar absorptivities are 5.8, 6.7, 6.1, and 8.2×103l·mol–1·cm–1 for1a–d, respectively, whereasSandell sensitivities are found to be 0.0187, 0.0163, 0.0174, and 0.0146 µg·cm–2 using the same reagents. The ability of using these reagents as metallochromic reagents in complexon III titrations was also studied.
Synthese und Leistungsfähigkeit von 5-(Hydroxyphenylazo)-indazolen als neue Reagentien zur Bestimmung von Vanadium
Zusammenfassung Vier von 5-Aminoindazol abgeleitete Azoverbindungen wurden synthetisiert und mittels Elementaranalyse sowie mit Hilfe verschiedener spektroskopischer Techniken charakterisiert. Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Verbindungen als Reagentien zur spektrophotometrischen Bestimmung von VO 2 + wurde durch ausführliche Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung der optimalen Bedingungen für die Ausbildung der gefärbten Komplexe ausgetestet. Der Einfluß von Fremdionen auf die Ergebnisse wurde ebenfalls untersucht. DasBeer'sche Gesetz wird im Konzentrationsbereich von 1.0–12µg/ml befolgt. Die Nachweisgrenzen liegen bei 0.8, 0.9, 0.7 und 1.1 µg/ml für die Reagentien1a–d. Die entsprechenden Standardabweichungen betragen 0.098, 0.111, 0.089 und 0.078. Die Komplexe zeigen molare Extinktionen von 5.8, 6.7, 6.1 und 8.2×103l·mol–1·cm–1 und Empfindlichkeiten nachSandell von 0.0187, 0.0163, 0.0174 und 0.0146 für die jeweiligen Verbindungen1a–d. Die Verwendungsmöglichkeit der neuen Verbindungen als metallochrome Reagentien bei Titrationen mit Komplexon III war ebenfalls Gegenstand der Untersuchungen.
  相似文献   

18.
A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method has been optimized for the separation of some common alkali and alkaline-earth metal cations in anti-asthmatic homeopathic liquid pharmaceutical preparations. Separation was carried out on a 74 cm (62.5 cm to the detector) × 75 μm ID fused silica capillary at a potential of 25 kV and 25 °C. Baseline separation of NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ and Li+ was achieved in less than 4.5 min. The proposed method was applied for the determination of the above-mentioned ions in homeopathic liquid formulations. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) observed were 1.5 ppm for NH4 +, Ca2+ and Mg2+ 0.8 ppm for Na+, 1.6 ppm for K+, and 0.4 ppm for Li+. During electrophoresis, the ingredients used in the preparation of homeopathic formulation did not interfere with the cations examined.  相似文献   

19.
Isopiestic molalities and water activities have been measured for the Li2B4O7+LiCl + H2O system at T=298.15 K using an improved isopiestic apparatus. Two types of osmotic coefficients, φ S and φ E, were determined, where φ S is based on the stoichiometric molalities of the solute Li2B4O7(aq) and φ E is based on equilibrium molalities calculated by consideration of the equilibrium speciation of Li2B4O7 to partially form H3BO3, B(OH)4 and B3O3(OH)4. The stoichiometric equilibrium constant K m for the aqueous speciation reaction was estimated. Two representations of the osmotic coefficients of Li2B4O7 + LiCl + H2O were made with Pitzer’s ion-interaction model. Model (1) involved representing the φ S values with six parameters based on considering the ionic interactions between Li+, Cl, and B4O72−; and model (2) involved representing the φ E values based on the calculated equilibrium speciation. Reasonable agreements were obtained between the experimental osmotic coefficient data and those calculated using the above models, with standard deviations of 0.075 and 0.0229, respectively, for these two models. The thermodynamic osmotic coefficients for the complex system containing polymeric boron anions and lithium cation was modelled and explained by use of Pitzer’s ion-interaction model, with minor modifications in combination with speciation reaction equilibria.  相似文献   

20.
Recombination rate coefficients of protonated and deuterated ions KrH+, KrD+, XeH+ and XeD+ were measured using Flowing Afterglow with Langmuir Probe (FALP). Helium at 1600 Pa and at temperature 250 K was used as a buffer gas in the experiments. Kr, Xe, H2 and D2 were introduced to a flow tube to form the desired ions. Because of small differences in proton affinities of Kr, D2 and H2 mixtures of ions, KrD+/D3+ and KrH+/H3+ are formed in the afterglow plasma, influencing the plasma decay. To obtain a recombination rate coefficient for a particular ion, the dependencies on partial pressures of gases used in the ion formation were measured. The obtained rate coefficients, αKrD+(250 K) = (0.9 ± 0.3) × 10−8 cm3 s−1 and αXeD+(250 K) = (8 ± 2) × 10−8 cm3 s−1 are compared with αKrH+(250 K) = (2.0 ± 0.6) × 10−8 cm3 s−1 and αXeH+(250 K) = (8 ± 2) × 10−8 cm3 s−1.  相似文献   

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