Mg-Al类水滑石负载金催化醇选择氧化中Mg/Al比例的影响

为研究Mg/Al比例对Mg-Al类水滑石(LDH)负载Au催化醇选择氧化的影响,采用共沉淀—水热晶化法合成了不同Mg/Al比的y Mg-Al LDH,采用液相还原法负载纳米Au颗粒.对样品进行XRD、N_2物理吸附、ICP-AES、AAS、TEM、CO_2-TPD、CO_2-In-situ DRIFTS和XPS等表征.在无附加碱条件下,Au/yMg-Al LDH催化剂催化1-苯乙醇选择氧化的催化活性随Mg/Al比增大呈现递增趋势,Au/4Mg-Al LDH活性最佳.载体表面弱碱性强度随Mg/Al比增大变化不大,弱碱位略有增多,对醇羟基脱氢有促进作用.载体层板Mg_3OH基团随Mg/Al比增大而增多有利于Au在层板边缘沉积,二者可形成有效协同,促进醇氧化过程进行.     

Cu-Ni-Mg-Al-CO_3四元水滑石的合成及结构分析

以Cu(NO3)2 ·3H2 O,Ni(NO3)2 ·6H2 O,Mg(NO3)2 ·6H2 O和Al(NO3)3·9H2 O为原料,以NaOH和Na2 CO3为沉淀剂,采用成核/晶化隔离法合成了Cu Ni Mg Al CO3四元水滑石,通过XRD,FT IR,TG DTA,ICP等手段对样品进行测试和表征,并且对水滑石结构的层板和层间阴离子相互作用进行分析和讨论.结果表明,控制Cu2 +离子与其它二价金属离子的配比,可制备晶体结构规整的M(II)4 M(III)2 (OH)12 CO3·4H2 O型水滑石;Cu2 +离子的引入导致了明显的Jahn Teller效应;且随Mg2 +量的增加,使得这种效应更加显著,另一方面Mg2 +量的增加有利于Cu Ni Mg Al CO3四元水滑石晶体在a方向上生长,增强其热稳定性     

Mg-Al水滑石催化甘油与碳酸二甲酯的酯交换反应简

报道了温和条件下甘油和碳酸二甲酯在一系列不同Mg/Al比（0.5-6）的Mg-Al水滑石催化下合成碳酸甘油酯（GC）的反应. 发现,Mg-Al水滑石对该反应具有很高的GC选择性,其中Mg/Al=2经400℃处理所得水滑石催化效率最高：70 ℃反应3 h甘油转化率达66.9%时,GC选择性维持在97%以上. 表征结果表明,水滑石样品的比表面积、孔径、结晶度和表面碱性对其催化活性影响很大.     

钴镍铁水滑石的合成、表征及衍生复合氧化物酸碱催化活性研究

水滑石(Layered Double Hydroxides,简称LDHs)是一类具有层状结构的阴离子型粘土[1],其结构类似于水镁石,化学通式为x/n ·mH2O ,其中M2+和M3+分别代表层板上占据八面体氢氧化物中心位置的二价和三价金属离子,An-为层间阴离子.以半径相似的二价、三价过渡金属阳离子部分或全部取代Mg、Al可合成多种二元、三元甚至四元水滑石类化合物HTLcs(Hydrotalcite-like compounds);将较大的阴离子基团(如杂多阴离子等) 引入层间则可合成柱撑水滑.     

氟修饰的含Ni类水滑石在甲烷部分氧化制合成气中的应用研究

通过共沉淀法合成了含Ni/Mg/Al的类水滑石,并利用水滑石的"重构性能"将F^-引入到水滑石层间。焙烧该类水滑石后得到Ni/Mg/Al/O-F催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、CO₂-TPD、H₂-TPR、N₂吸附-脱附等手段对其结构进行了表征。结果表明,焙烧后的催化剂为方镁石结构,并具有丰富的介孔,Ni/Mg/Al/O-F较之不含F^-的复合氧化物Ni/Mg/AlO具有更小的比表面积、颗粒粒径和结晶度,但是碱密度明显增大,并且在甲烷部分氧化(POM)反应中表现出更高的活性和稳定性,反应120h后,活性没有下降。这是因为F^-的引入提高了催化剂碱性和活性组分Ni的分散,从而改善了催化剂的抗积炭和烧结能力。     

n(Mg)/n(Al)=3的水滑石层板结构及层间距的阴离子调控

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3PW91方法在Lanl2dz水平上研究了镁铝摩尔比为3的水滑石层板分子簇模型[Mg30Al7(OH)72]9+的几何构型, 优化得到的结构参数和采用Reflex模块模拟得到的XRD图谱分别与实验观测结果相符, 由此确定了水滑石层板沿第三维方向的有序堆积, 该结构符合空间群R3m(166), 其晶胞参数a=1.2552 nm, c=2.3400 nm. 进一步构造了具有R3m空间群对称性的Mg-Al-CO32--LDH晶体结构模型, 选取其中的簇模型, 经优化得到了一种稳定构型, 脱除结晶水的水滑石层间距为0.7260 nm, 键参数的变化表明碳酸根离子与层板间存在较强的超分子作用.     

金属氢氧化物直接制备对苯二甲酸插层水滑石及其应用

以新制备的Mg(OH)_2和Al(OH)_3滤饼与对苯二甲酸通过水热反应制备了对苯二甲酸插层水滑石(TALDHs).使用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术对TA-LDHs与碳酸根型水滑石(CO3-LDHs)进行对比研究,结果显示,对苯二甲酸离子成功插入到LDHs层间,产物结构完整、晶相单一,所制得的TA-LDHs为片状.CO3-LDHs和TA-LDHs分别作为纳米填料,以两种不同的添加方式制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/LDHs纳米复合材料.对复合材料进行XRD和SEM研究,结果表明在酯交换反应前添加2%TA-LDHs所制备的PET/LDHs纳米复合材料的层板被部分剥离,分散性最好.     

硝酸镁在γ-Al2O3上的热分解及MgO/γ-Al2O3的碱性

研究了不同载量时Mg(NO3)2 在γ Al2O3 上存在状态和热分解行为差异.考察了Mg含量不同时MgO/γ Al2O3 的碱性变化情况 ,并与水滑石焙烧产物Mg(Al)O的碱性进行了对比.结果表明,Mg(NO3)2 可单层分散于γ Al2O3 表面 ,Mg(NO3)2 的分散决定了MgO的分散阈值 ;单层态的Mg(NO3)2 比晶态的分解温度低 ;MgO/γ Al2O3 在阈值附近具有单位表面最高碱量 ,碱位分布与Mg(Al)O相似 ,单位表面碱量高于Mg(Al)O.由于γ Al2O3 的织构可以方便地调节 ,且MgO/γ Al2O3很容易制备 ,MgO/γ Al2O3 是一个很有应用前景的固体碱.     

甲烷干重整反应用Ni-Ru/MgAl类水滑石催化剂的研究

采用焙烧记忆法分别制备Ni/Mg Al O和NiRu/Mg Al O类水滑石催化剂用于甲烷干重整反应.利用XRD、TPR、TG、XPS、CO2-TPD、TEM等表征催化剂的结构及失活特征,发现在Ni/Mg Al O中添加Ru,有利于增加催化剂表面Ni含量,并促进Ni2+的还原.不同Mg/Al比双金属催化剂中,7Ni-0.15Ru/Mg2.5Al催化剂具有较高的催化活性,这归结为该催化剂适宜的碱性、较高表面Ni含量以及小尺寸的Ni0物种.添加Ru明显抑制Ni/Mg Al O催化剂表面的丝状碳的形成.而7Ni-0.15Ru/Mg2.5Al较强的抗积碳性能与其较小Ni0晶粒尺寸及适宜催化剂碱性有关.     

镁锡水滑石中的超分子作用

通过构建镁锡水滑石(Mg3Sn-LDHs-yH2O)周期性计算模型,基于密度泛函理论,用CASTEP程序模块,进行模型的几何全优化.对各体系的结构参数、Mulliken电荷布居、态密度(DOS)、逐级水合能等进行分析,探究客体CO320-和H2O的分布形态及其与主体层板的超分子作用.结果表明,[Mg6Sn2(OH)16]4+层间插入客体阴离子CO320-和水分子后,主客体间存在着较强的超分子作用力,主要包括静电和氢键作用,且氢键作用在水合过程中起主导作用,总体上层板-水(L-W)型/层板-阴离子(L-A)型氢键强度要强于阴离子-水(A-W)型/水-水(W-W)型氢键.随着层间水分子的增多,层间距先增大后又稍降低.当y=0、1时,客体所在的平面与主体层板平行,且与两层板的距离基本相等;当y=2、3时,客体以偏向某一层板的形式存在.与层间H2O相比,层间阴离子CO230-对体系态密度的影响更显著,层板与CO320-的总体作用力大于与H2O的总体作用力.随着水分子数的增加,Mg3Sn-LDHs-yH2O体系的逐级水合能绝对值逐渐降低,说明Mg3Sn-LDHs的水合程度不会无限增加,而是具有饱和量.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrotalcite at Different Mg/Al Molar Ratios

Synthesis and characterization of Mg-Al hydrotalcite have been studied. Synthesis of Mg-Al hydrotalcite was carried out using co-precipitation method at constant pH followed by hydrothermal treatment at 110 °C for 12 hours. The effect of Mg/Al molar ratios 2:1 and 3:1 was investigated by using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. The results showed that these synthesized samples were identical to hydrotalcite materials based on X-ray diffractogram and FTIR spectra. The XRD patterns exhibit sharp reflection with high intensity with characteristic basal spacing at 11-23°, broad and asymmetric peaks at 34-66°. The FTIR spectra for the synthesized samples are in good agreement with slight shifting peaks at certain wavenumber characteristic of hydrotalcite. The morphologies of synthesized samples were shown by SEM and particles were formed as an accumulation of primary nanoparticles. Meanwhile chemical composition of the final products showed that Mg/Al ratio didn’t meet the theoretical value because the reaction under optimum pH. In general it is showed that molar ratio affected on the structure and material properties of synthesized hydrotalcite.     

Biodiesel Preparation from Jatropha curcas Oil Catalyzed by Hydrotalcite Loaded With K2CO3

This paper discusses the synthesis of biodiesel catalyzed by solid base of K₂CO₃/HT using Jatropha curcas oil as feedstock. Mg–Al hydrotalcite was prepared using co-precipitation methods, in which the molar ratio of Mg to Al was 3:1. After calcined at 600 °C for 3 h, the Mg–Al hydrotalcite and K₂CO₃ were grinded and mixed according to certain mass ratios, in which some water was added. The mixture was dried at 65 °C, and after that it was calcined at 600 °C for 3 h. Then, this Mg–Al hydrotalcite loaded with potassium carbonate was obtained and used as catalyst in the experiments. Analyses of XRD and SEM characterizations for catalyst showed the metal oxides formed in the process of calcination brought about excellent catalysis effect. In order to achieve the optimal technical reaction condition, five impact factors were also investigated in the experiments, which were mass ratio, molar ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst amount and reaction time. Under the best condition, the biodiesel yield could reach up to 96%.     

Preparation of acid–base bi-functional hydrotalcite based catalyst for converting Vietnamese coconut oil to green hydrocarbons

Acid–base bi-functional hydrotalcite like compounds based on partial incorporation of Al³⁺ into brucite structure of Mg(OH)₂ with various molar ratios were prepared through co-precipitation method. The co-precipitation of the precursors produced precipitations followed by drying at 120 °C for 12 h and calcination in air flow at 500 °C for 6 h to obtain the catalysts (Mg–Al HLCs). Many techniques including XRD, TG–DTA, EDX, NH₃-TPD, CO₂-TPD, GC–MS and XANES were used to characterize and optimize Mg/Al molar ratio based on the thermal stability of the Mg–Al HLCs and their activities in decarboxylation process of coconut oil. The results showed that the best molar ratio of Mg/Al was 3/1 providing a stable hydrotalcite like structure, and the catalyst possessed both acid and base sites on its surface enhancing its activity and selectivity in the decarboxylation process. The catalysts revealed high performance in the decarboxylation process of coconut oil established at 400 °C for 4 h for green hydrocarbons belonging to kerosene fractions.     

Eco-friendly synthesis of jasminaldehyde by condensation of 1-heptanal with benzaldehyde using hydrotalcite as a solid base catalyst

The catalytic activity of hydrotalcite ([M(II)_1−xM(III)_x(OH₂)]^x+(CO₃²⁻)_x/n·mH₂O; where M(II) = Mg, Ni, Zn and M(III) = Al) was evaluated for the synthesis of jasminaldehyde by solvent free condensation of 1-heptanal with benzaldehyde. The effect of activation of as-synthesized Mg-Al hydrotalcite samples of varied Mg/Al molar ratio on its catalytic activity was studied and correlated with their basicity as determined from the model test reaction. The effect of reaction parameters such as, amount of catalyst, benzaldehyde to 1-heptanal molar ratio and reaction temperature on conversion of 1-heptanal and selectivity of jasminaldehyde was studied in detail. Maximum selectivity of jasminaldehyde (86%) with 98% conversion of 1-heptanal was observed using as-synthesized Mg-Al hydrotalcite of Mg/Al molar ratio of 3.5 as a catalyst. The kinetics of the reaction was measured and reaction rate and order of reaction were determined under optimum reaction conditions. The catalyst was re-used upto three cycles without significant loss in its activity. The base catalyzed reaction mechanism for condensation of 1-heptanal with benzaldehyde is proposed.     

Structure and base properties of calcined hydrotalcites

Five hydrotalcites with Mg/Al molar ratio range of 3-15 were prepared. The structure and basicity of Mg-Al mixed oxides (Mg(Al)O) transformed from hydrotalcites were investigated by TPD, XPS, XRD, FT-IR and NMR techniques. The results of elemental analysis and XPS indicate that Al is enriched in the surface regions of Mg(Al)0, and its amount increases with the Mg/Al molar ratio and the calcination temperature. 27Al-MAS-NMR results show that Al exists in two chemical environments: tetrahedral aluminium (Al(t)) and octahedral aluminium (Al(o)) in Mg(Al)O. The amount of Al(t) increases with the Mg/Al molar ratio and the calcination temperature. It is assumed that Al(t) may be mainly from the surface Al. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2 shows that the number of basic sites of Mg(Al)O samples increases with the Mg/Al molar ratio, and the maximum number of basic sites is obtained for hydrotalcite calcined at 773 K. Infrared spectra of adsorbed CO2 and B(OCH3)3 reveal that there are two kinds of     

Synthesis and thermal stability of hydrotalcites based upon gallium

Hydrotalcites based upon gallium as a replacement for aluminium in hydrotalcite over a Mg/Al ratio of 2:1 to 4:1 were synthesised. The d(003) spacing varied from 7.83 Å for the 2:1 hydrotalcite to 8.15 Å for the 3:1 gallium containing hydrotalcite. A comparison is made with the Mg/Al hydrotalcite in which the d(003) spacing for the Mg/Al hydrotalcite varied from 7.62 Å for the 2:1 Mg hydrotalcite to 7.98 Å for the 4:1 hydrotalcite. The thermal stability of the gallium containing hydrotalcite was determined using thermogravimetric analysis. Four mass loss steps at 77, 263–280, 485 and 828 °C with mass losses of 10.23, 21.55, 5.20 and 7.58% are attributed to dehydration, dehydroxylation and decarbonation. The thermal stability of the gallium containing hydrotalcite is slightly less than the aluminium hydrotalcite.     

水滑石的合成及修饰电极的电化学行为

采用共沉淀法合成了摩尔比为3∶1的镍铝、钴铝、镁铝碳酸型水滑石。采用循环伏安法对其所修饰的玻碳电极的电化学行为进行了研究,结果表明仅有镍铝水滑石所修饰的玻碳电极具有较好的电化学行为。     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/类水滑石复合水凝胶的制备及温敏性

以类水滑石(LDHs)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)为原材料,采用自由基引发聚合制得了有机无机PNIPA/LDHs温度敏感复合水凝胶。 通过热重分析仪(TGA)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术手段表征了材料的结构和性能。 结果表明,PNIPA/LDHs复合水凝胶在33 ℃左右可实现溶胶-凝胶的可逆性变化,LDHs质量分数基本不影响复合水凝胶的胶凝化温度和胶凝时间。 LDHs添加可使PNIPA/LDHs复合水凝胶的热稳定性较NIPA有大幅度提升。 随LDHs质量分数及n(Mg):n(Al)的增加,复合凝胶的吸热峰值稍有增加。 所合成PNIPA/LDHs复合水凝胶表面粗糙不平,具有一定的孔洞结构。     

Reactivity of Mg–Al hydrotalcites in solid and delaminated forms in ammonium carbonate solutions

Treatment of Mg–Al hydrotalcites (LDHs, layered double hydroxides) in aqueous (NH₄)₂CO₃ at 298 K leads to composites of dawsonite, hydrotalcite, and magnesium ammonium carbonate. The mechanism and kinetics of this transformation, ultimately determining the relative amounts of these components in the composite, depend on the treatment time (from 1 h to 9 days), the Mg/Al ratio in the hydrotalcite (2-4), and on the starting layered double hydroxide (solid or delaminated form). The materials at various stages of the treatment were characterized by inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The progressive transformation of hydrotalcite towards crystalline dawsonite and magnesium ammonium carbonate phases follows a dissolution–precipitation mechanism. A gradual decrease of the Mg/Al ratio in the resulting solids was observed in time due to magnesium leaching in the reacting medium. Dawsonite–hydrotalcite composite formation is favored at high aluminum contents in the starting hydrotalcite, while the formation of magnesium ammonium carbonate is favored at high Mg/Al ratios. The synthetic strategy comprising hydrotalcite delamination in formamide prior to aqueous (NH₄)₂CO₃ treatment is more reactive towards composite formation than starting from the bulk solid hydrotalcite.     

Hydrogen production from simulated hot coke oven gas by catalytic reforming over Ni/Mg(A1)O catalysts

Hydrogen production by catalytic reforming of simulated hot coke oven gas (HCOG) with toluene as a model tar compound was investigated in a fixed bed reactor over Ni/Mg(Al)O catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method using urea hydrolysis and characterized by ICP,BET, XRD, TPR, TEM and TG. XRD showed that the hydrotalcite type precursor after calcination formed (Ni,Mg)Al2O4 spinel and Ni-Mg-O solid solution structure. TPR results suggested that the increase in Ni/Mg molar ratio gave rise to the decrease in the reduction temperature of Ni2+ to Ni0 on Ni/Mg(Al)O catalysts. The reaction results indicated that toluene and CH4 could completely be converted to H2 and CO in the catalytic reforming of the simulated HCOG under atmospheric pressure and the amount of H2 in the reaction effluent gas was about 4 times more than that in original HCOG. The catalysts with lower Ni/Mg molar ratio showed better catalytic activity and resistance to ceking, which may become promising catalysts in the catalytic reforming of HCOG.