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T A Whittingham 《Ultrasonics》1973,11(5):230-233
The design of a fetal cephalometer for use with pulse-echo diagnostic equipment is described. Reading errors and the difficulty of making measurements on a mobile fetus have been reduced by the incorporation of an automatic facility. In the automatic mode, the instrument will instantaneously measure the separation between either the first and second echoes or the first and third echoes beyond a marker pip. In clinical practice such echoes might correspond to the fetal skull echoes or the skull echoes and an intermediate mid-line echo. In the normal mode, proximal and distal marker pips are manually aligned with the leading edges of the echoes of interest. The use of digital circuitry and a crystal-controlled timing source help to eliminate drift problems and recalibration procedures, as well as making the instrument compact. 相似文献
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虽然脉冲多普勒系统测量血流速度时,能够确定距离,但可测速度范围受频率混淆限制,同时多普勒信号的信噪比差.连续波多普勒系统提供了较高的多普勒信号的信噪比,并没有可测速度限制,但无法提供距离信息.线性调频及正弦调频连续波测量系统,能够提供拥有距离信息的高信噪比多普勒信号,同时杂波功率低,但由于多普勒信号频谱具有周期性,存在一定的距离模糊.针对存在的问题,提出基于混沌调频连续波的超声多普勒血流速度测量方法,它不仅具有较高的信噪比,而且由于多普勒信号频谱无周期性,因此不存在距离模糊.经过原理分析及仿真实验,验证了混沌调频连续波的有效性. 相似文献
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针对现有套管井检测与评价技术存在的缺陷,开展了进一步的导波成像方法与技术开发研究。对套管壁A0导波模式频散与泄漏衰减特性,以及泄漏衰减特性与管外粘结材料特性阻抗的关系进行了分析。在此基础上进行了不同粘结载荷钢板模型A0模泄漏衰减等特性以及脉冲回波厚度共振波特性的实验测试。结果显示,结合A0模式的衰减与管外粘结材料特性阻抗的测试结果,可有效定征管外粘结材料特性,进一步确定和成像管外环形空间水力联通特性。以此为基础,开发了耐温和耐压宽带超声换能器,以及检测与成像系统。通过模型井和实际井的测试,获得良好效果。 相似文献
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针对摊铺机自动调平控制系统对测距精度的较高要求,设计了一种具有较高精度的基于超声波传感器的测距系统。实验结果表明,在常用的测距范围内,静态测距精度可达1mm。介绍了测距系统的原理以及系统的软、硬件实现方法。 相似文献
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Sonochemical (SC) processes can be increased with the application of fluid flow due to changes in bubble characteristics. In this work, a novel flow through set-up was applied to an ultrasonic horn system to investigate the effects of flow on the degradation of phenol. KI dosimetry and sonochemiluminescence (SCL) were also analysed, under the same conditions, to provide comparison of degradation to other SC processes. Further, sonoluminescence (SL) in water and different concentrations of potassium iodide (KI) and phenol solutions was studied to determine the effect of flow on processes inside the bubble that result in SL. The degradation of 0.1 mM phenol solutions, KI dosimetry and SL from phenol (0.1, 20 and 60 mM) and KI (0.1, 1 and 2 M) solutions were analysed under flow rates of 0, 24, 228 and 626 mL/min. For an ultrasonic horn system, all flow rates could augment phenol degradation beyond that of the systems without flow. At the lowest applied power, the amount of degradation was significantly increased with flow, becoming greater than degradation observed at the highest power. A strong correlation between phenol degradation and SC processes indicated that degradation followed an oxidative process. SL intensity from water, KI, and phenol solutions could also be increased with flow beyond the no flow system. For water this occurred most readily at higher powers, then for the solutes there was varied behaviour dependent upon the solute concentration. It was theorised that flow may increase the transfer of radical species to solution to enhance SC processes. An increase in SL, with flow, indicates that flow is acting to change the properties of the bubbles and/or the bubble field such that the active bubbles present collapse with greater total intensity. 相似文献
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声层析成像技术可以用图像的方式精确完整地反映层析面上检测体内部质量,是一种有效的无损检测手段。在大坝混凝土的安全隐患检测中发挥着越来越重要的作用,本研究旨在研制成像用的接收声波的水听器线阵,水听器线阵由12个水听器阵元组成,阵元间隔2m,水听器由直径40mm的接收型压电园管和前置放大器组成,水听器在低于20kHz的频率范围内,自由场接收电压灵敏度为-173±-3dB,在2MPa静水压力下灵敏度下降不超过2dB。制作了二例了具有清晰接收波形、一致性和可靠性好的水听器线阵,最终为客户在现场实地获得了高质量的层析图像。 相似文献
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This paper describes an advanced laboratory course in acoustics, specifically targeted for students with an interest in engineering applications at a school with a strongly integrated industrial co-op program. The laboratory course is developed around a three-pronged approach to problem solving that combines and integrates theoretical models, computational models, and experimental data. The course is structured around modules that begin with fundamental concepts and build laboratory skills and expand the knowledge base toward a final project. Students keep a detailed laboratory notebook, write research papers in teams, and must pass laboratory certification exams. This paper describes the course layout and philosophy and shares personal experience from both faculty and student perspectives. 相似文献
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针对传统超声探头焦距固定,检测位置的改变就要更换相应焦距的探头而影响检测效率的问题,提出一种基于超声相控阵换能器的环焊缝缺陷检测方法。而超声相控阵具有电子偏转和电子聚焦特性,能在不移动的情况下发射偏转聚焦超声束,有效地解决了上述问题。首先基于超声相控线阵换能器的声场特点,采用数值分析方法,研究了影响声束偏转聚焦性能的几个主要参数。然后给出了与超声相控阵换能器相连接的多通道数据采集系统结构。介绍了单通道声信号的硬件结构及相应的信号处理方法,实现了对换能器中单个阵元的精确延时的控制。实验结果表明,优化设计的超声相控线阵换能器具有较高的检测精度和检测效率。 相似文献
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针对一座小型实验低温冷库自行开发了实用的数据采集和控制系统,能够满足低温冷库日常的数据采集,实现计算机的自动控制以及对冷库运行危险的报警.文中在对已形成的低温冷库自动采集和控制系统思想基础上,进一步探讨和论证其方便性、实用性.本系统是基于VB6.0为开发平台,使读者更容易理解,也使试验人员可以顺利地操控并进行试验.应用... 相似文献
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为了提高光具座自动测焦距时的测量精度,设计一套连续变焦光学系统。该系统包括自准直组件和变焦组件两部分,可以调节CCD靶面上接收到的图像大小,得到最佳测量结果。根据设计指标要求,在控制系统总长的基础上进行初始结构选择和像质优化。设计完成后的自准直组件焦距200 mm,变焦组件焦距200 mm~20 mm,对接后的变焦系统可实现图像大小1~10连续调节。模拟实验表明:变焦系统像质良好,MTF曲线接近衍射极限,弥散斑小于CCD像元大小,可以满足实际检测需求。 相似文献
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A general model is developed to characterize the effect of an ultrasonic measurement system on the experimental determination of ultrasonic scattering as a function of angle and frequency. The model includes arbitrary emitter beams and detector apertures as angular spectra of plane waves. Arbitrary emitted pulses and detector time gates are incorporated through frequency spectra of temporal harmonics. A transformation of variables is employed to express the spectrum of the measured pressure as a product in wave space of a system function and the Fourier transform of the medium variations. The mean-square value of the measured pressure spectrum is similarly expressed as a product of the squared magnitude of the system function and the power spectrum of the medium variations. The measured quantities are shown to become scaled values of intrinsic scattering characteristics when the system function weight is concentrated relative to the medium characteristics in wave space. The assumption of an indefinitely long detector gate is used to represent the system function as a product in which one factor is a beam function dependent on spatial frequency and the other factors are dependent on temporal frequency. Beam-function calculations as well as calculations of second moments and overall beam weight are made for identical Gaussian-shaped emitter and detector apertures to illustrate the blurring and weighting effects of measurement system beam patterns as a function of scattering angle. The moment calculations are shown to identify circumstances when the medium variation function can be factored out from under the integral and the measurement represented as a simple product of the medium properties and a measurement system weight. The results may be used to design scattering experiments in which degradations due to system effects are within acceptable limits. 相似文献
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基于嵌入式系统的发射度测量仪采用法拉第筒测量方法,数据采样率达到200 kHz,设计有7个不同的电流采样量程。讨论了发射度测量仪的系统构成和工作原理,详细介绍了其数据采集系统的设计与制作。通过选用高速、低噪声的集成电路芯片并组合适当大小、适宜材料的电阻和电容构建模拟链路,贯穿于整个模拟链路的滤波设计和低噪声的模拟电源技术及屏蔽防护技术都保证了低噪声采集电路的实现。实验测试表明:在量程为10 nA时,该测量仪测量精度为1.47%,量程1 000 nA时则达到0.32%;采样20 kHz的正弦波信号失真度为6.5 dB;运动精度为1.25 m时,运动速度最高3.125 mm/s。 相似文献
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基于嵌入式系统的发射度测量仪采用法拉第筒测量方法,数据采样率达到200 kHz,设计有7个不同的电流采样量程。讨论了发射度测量仪的系统构成和工作原理,详细介绍了其数据采集系统的设计与制作。通过选用高速、低噪声的集成电路芯片并组合适当大小、适宜材料的电阻和电容构建模拟链路,贯穿于整个模拟链路的滤波设计和低噪声的模拟电源技术及屏蔽防护技术都保证了低噪声采集电路的实现。实验测试表明:在量程为10 nA时,该测量仪测量精度为1.47%,量程1 000 nA时则达到0.32%;采样20 kHz的正弦波信号失真度为6.5 dB;运动精度为1.25 m时,运动速度最高3.125 mm/s。 相似文献
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The development and use of a stereo-TV system to observe, record and measure spatial coordinates is described. 相似文献