Propagation characteristics of linearly polarized Bessel-Gaussian beams through an annular apertured paraxial ABCD optical system

By means of Collins diffraction integral formula in the paraxial approximation and based on the fact that a hard aperture function can be expanded into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, an approximate analytical expression for linearly polarized Bessel-Gaussian beams passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with an annular aperture has been derived. The results provide more convenient for studying their propagation and transformation than the usual way by using diffraction integral directly. By using the analytical expression and the diffraction integral formula some numerical simulations are done to illustrate for the propagation characteristics of a linearly polarized Bessel-Gaussian beam through an optical system with an annular aperture.     

通过有光阑近轴ABCD光学系统激光束的近似解析传输公式

用傅立叶级数展开法研究光束通过有光阑限制的近轴ABCD光学系统的传输特性,导出了光阑透射率函数不同时的传输公式。硬边光阑的情况可作为其它光阑的特例得到,其它光阑也可视作硬边光阑来处理。数值计算表明了该方法快速的优点,并得到与用Collins公式直接积分一致结果。     

Propagation of Bessel-modulated Gaussian beams through a paraxial ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

Based on the generalized Collins diffraction integral and the expansion of the hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, the approximate analytical expressions of Bessel-Gaussian beams and QBG beams passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with an annual aperture are derived. As special cases, the corresponding closed-forms for the unaperture or circular aperture or circular black screen cases are also given. The results provide more convenience for studying their propagation and transformation than the usual way by using diffraction integral formula directly. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the propagation properties of Bessel-Gaussian and QBG beams.     

Approximate analytical representation of Wigner distribution function for Gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical systems with hard aperture

Based on the treatment that a rectangular function can be expanded as an approximate sum of complex Gaussian functions with finite numbers, the analytical expression of the Wigner distribution function for a Gaussian beam passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with hard-edged aperture is obtained. By numerical simulation, it is shown that the effect of the aperture on the Wigner distribution function is prominent. By comparing the analytical results with the numerical integral results, it is shown that this method of expanding hard-edged aperture into Gaussian functions with finite numbers is proper and ascendant. This method could be extended to study the Wigner distribution functions of other light beams passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with hard-edged aperture.     

Propagation characteristics of flattened Gaussian beams through a misaligned optical system with a misaligned annular aperture

The approximate analytical formula for flattened Gaussian beams through a misaligned optical system with a misaligned annular aperture was derived by the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle. Some numerical simulations are illustrated to the effects on the propagation of flattened Gaussian beams by the misaligned annular aperture. To compare the difference between annular apertured system and circular apertured system, the circular apertured system is also studied. The results show that angle misalignments and lateral displacements of aperture create asymmetrical average intensity distribution at receiving plane z = 500. The effects on intensity distribution by angle misalignments of annular aperture were small. In annular aperture case, the smooth of intensity distribution was worse with escalating obscure ratio ? in near-field; the side-lobes increased and the central lobe decreased with escalating obscure ratio ? in far-field. At receiving plane z = 500: for circular aperture, the side-lobes decreased, even to be neglected, with the increasing of truncation parameter δ; for annular aperture, the side-lobes increased with the increasing of truncation parameter δ. In addition, it is found that the aligned thin lens can fix asymmetry of intensity distribution which was caused by the misaligned annular aperture.     

高斯光束通过有硬边光阑ABCD光学系统的近似解析传输公式

对高斯光束通过有硬边光阑近轴ABCD光学系统的传输进行了研究,采用将矩形函数展开为复高斯函数的技巧,推导出了近似的解析传输公式。以高斯光束在有光阑情况下自由空间的传输为例进行了数值计算,对所用方法能节约大量机时的优点和计算误差作了讨论,并进一步推广用于平面波和平顶高斯光束,证实了这一方法具有广泛的应用意义。     

通过有光阑近轴ABCD光学系统激光束的近似解析传输公式

 用傅立叶级数展开法研究光束通过有光阑限制的近轴ABCD光学系统的传输特性，导出了光阑透射率函数不同时的传输公式。硬边光阑的情况可作为其它光阑的特例得到，其它光阑也可视作硬边光阑来处理。数值计算表明了该方法快速的优点，并得到与用Collins公式直接积分一致结果。     

Propagation properties of partially polarized Gaussian Schell-model beams through an axis-unsymmetric paraxial ABCD system

By using the beam coherence-polarization (BCP) matrix approach, analytical propagation equations of partially polarized Gaussian Schell-model (PGSM) beams through an axis-unsymmetric paraxial optical ABCD system are derived, which enable us to study the propagation-induced polarization changes and irradiance distributions at any propagation distance of PGSM beams through axis-unsymmetric systems within the framework of the paraxial approximation. Detailed numerical results for a PGSM beam passing through a bifocal lens are presented to illustrate the propagation properties of PGSM beams. A comparison with the previous work is also made.     

Recurrence propagation equation of Hermite-Gaussian beams through a paraxial optical ABCD system with hard-edge aperture

Based on the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral, a recurrence propagation equation of Hermite-Gaussian (H-G) beams through a paraxial optical ABCD system with hard-edge aperture is derived, which permits us to obtain the analytical propagation expression for H-G beams of any order. The advantages of our analytical results are analyzed, and the application is illustrated with numerical examples.     

Propagation of a four-petal Gaussian vortex beam through a paraxial ABCD optical system

Based on the Collins diffraction integral formula, an analytical expression of a general four-petal Gaussian vortex beam passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system is derived by means of the mathematical technique. As a numerical example, the normalized intensity distribution of a four-petal Gaussian vortex beam propagating in free space is graphically demonstrated. The influences of beam order and topological charge on the normalized intensity distribution are discussed in detail. This research is useful to the optical trapping, optical communications, and beam splitting techniques, etc.     

Propagation of super-Lorentzian beams through a paraxial ABCD optical system

Based on the Collins integral, analytical propagation formulae of super-Lorentzian (SL) SL₀₁, SL₁₀, and SL₁₁ beams passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system are derived by means of the convolution theorem of the Fourier transform. The propagation properties of the SL₀₁ and SL₁₁ beams in free space are graphically illustrated with numerical examples. The power in the bucket of the SL₀₁ and SL₁₁ beams has been also examined in the far-field plane. This research is useful to the applications of super-Lorentzian beams.     

Propagation of off-axial cosine-Gaussian beams passing through an apertured and misaligned optical system

A closed-form expression for the one-dimensional off-axial cosine-Gaussian beams passing through an apertured and misaligned paraxially ABCD optical system is derived. As special cases, the corresponding closed-forms for the off-axial or non off-axial cosine-Gaussian beams passing through apertured or unapertured and misaligned or aligned optical systems are also given. The obtained results could be straightforward to the two-dimensional case or sine-Gaussian beams.     

拉盖尔-高斯光束通过光阑-透镜分离系统的聚焦特性和焦移

 使用Collins公式推导了拉盖尔-高斯光束通过光阑-透镜分离系统的光强分布。利用数值计算详细分析和说明了其聚焦特性。分析得出光阑-透镜分离程度的大小影响相对焦移的大小和光强的分布，并引起焦移可能相反或消失。而且发现满足一定条件时在一段较大的轴向距离上光强几乎等于光强极大值，从而可获得一个较大的光强极大范围。     

高斯光束通过有硬边光阑ABCD光学系统的近似解析传输公式

 对高斯光束通过有硬边光阑近轴ABCD光学系统的传输进行了研究,采用将矩形函数展开为复高斯函数的技巧,推导出了近似的解析传输公式。以高斯光束在有光阑情况下自由空间的传输为例进行了数值计算,对所用方法能节约大量机时的优点和计算误差作了讨论,并进一步推广用于平面波和平顶高斯光束,证实了这一方法具有广泛的应用意义。     

Propagation of elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams through an annular apertured paraxial ABCD optical system

Based on the generalized Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral and the expansion of the hard aperture function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, the approximate analytical expression of elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with an annular aperture is derived. Meanwhile, the corresponding closed-forms for the unapertured, circular apertured or circular black screen cases are also given. The obtained results provide more convenience for studying their propagation and transformation than the usual way by using diffraction integral formula directly. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the propagation properties of elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beams.     

厄米-余弦-高斯光束通过具有光阑光学系统时的传输特性

当厄米_余弦_高斯光束通过带有矩形光阑的一阶ABCD近轴光学系统时,可由Collins公式给出其场分布的积分形式。将其中硬边光阑的窗口函数写成矩形函数,并将矩形函数用高斯函数展开,通过积分可得到由光阑限制的厄米_余弦_高斯光束传输的解析式。分析和讨论了厄米_余弦_高斯光束通过具有圆孔光阑限制的薄透镜系统时的情况,其结果与直接用广义衍射积分公式进行复杂数值计算时的结果完全一致。这样不仅便于进行物理分析,而且也节省了计算机的计算时间。     

Propagation properties of controllable dark-hollow beams through an annular apertured, misaligned optical system

Within the framework of the paraxial approximation, the propagation formula of controllable dark-hollow beams through an annular apertured and misaligned optical system is derived by using the generalized diffraction integral and augmented matrix. Based on the formula, the propagation properties under the very condition are studied in detail. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the analytical results. It is shown that as controllable dark-hollow beams pass through a circularly apertured misaligned optical system, they become decentered but with the same size of the dark region and the moved central position related to the misaligned parameters ε_x, ε_y and ε′_x, ε′_y. The results can be directly used in the case of other dark-hollow beams, and also can be applied to study other properties.     

环状光束通过像散透镜的变换特性

基于Tovar提出的平顶多高斯光束模型,给出了环状光束模型。利用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分理论,对环状光束通过像散透镜后的传输和聚焦特性进行计算和分析,并讨论了透镜像散对环状光束经透镜变换后对光束质量的影响。研究结果表明:环状光束通过像散透镜后变为非旋转对称光束;聚焦光强随着透镜像散系数的增大而逐渐减弱,聚焦光斑的方位仅由像散系数确定;在光束阶数和入射光波波长一定的情况下,环状光束通过像散透镜的变换特性和光束质量不仅与透镜像散系数有关,还与系统菲涅耳数有关,像散系数增大或菲涅耳数减小时,光束质量变差。     

厄米-高斯光束在内含硬边光阑光学系统中的传输

把硬边光阑从复杂光学系统中“移”出来,即把任意一个含有硬边光阑的复杂光学系统体现到含有入射光瞳和出射光瞳的光学系统中，使硬边光阑的作用转化为出射光瞳的作用，以便求出观察面上的解析解。对入射面上的二维厄米 高斯光束，利用柯林斯公式和入射光瞳与出射光瞳的物像关系，可得到所要求观察面的场分布和解析结果，通过数值模拟验证了其正确性。通过分析计算得到如下结论：对于任意一个含有硬边光阑的复杂光学系统，都可以把光阑的作用从系统中“移”出来，把其看作是出射光瞳的作用，从而可以较为简便地求出观察面上的场分布。