复合材料补片加固钢板的粘接应力与失效模拟

在ANSYS有限元软件中建立三维有限元模型,对复合材料补片单面加固钢板进行数值模拟,使用内聚力单元模拟胶层脱粘和扩展过程,有限元模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,弹性极限载荷和失效载荷的相对误差分别为9.6%和4.2%。计算得到了模型在拉伸载荷作用下的载荷-位移曲线、胶层剪应力和剥离应力分布情况以及补片x轴向应力分布情况。结果表明,胶层端部最先达到极限强度后出现开裂,脱粘从补片两端开始逐渐向中心扩展,且扩展过程是非对称的;当补片发生部分脱粘后,补片应力集中在未脱粘处,承载长度逐渐减小、承载能力逐渐降低。     

含缺口复合材料层合板的三维有限元失效分析

本文研究了复合材料层合板最终强度计算的有限元理论,讨论了修正的Newton-Raphson迭代方法在层合板失效过程中应力场计算的迭代过程.同时本文建立了带缺口的复合材料层合板三维有限元模型,充分考虑层合板的纤维断裂、基体开裂和分层三种失效模式,采用修正的三维Hashin准则作为失效判断的依据,计算了三种不同铺层的层合板最终失效载荷值,与试验值吻合得很好.鉴于层压板材料常数ν23的数值难于测定的特点,讨论其对最终失效载荷的影响.在三维有限元模型的基础上,实现了失效扩展仿真分析.     

基于动态显式分析的复合材料盒段失效模拟

为了研究复合材料结构失效过程并为强度设计提供分析依据,对结构进行失效模拟。在静态隐式分析中,材料的失效和破坏常常导致严重的不收敛。针对复合材料多墙盒段结构,采用动态显式分析方法对弯曲载荷工况进行了试验模拟。壁板和墙均采用层壳元,在上壁板中面嵌入一层体元模拟层间失效,利用用户自定义材料(VUMAT)的方法对材料性能进行连续衰减,并进行渐进式失效分析。分析表明,动态显式分析避免了不收敛问题,能比较准确地模拟复合材料盒段的失效过程,无论是应变、屈曲载荷、破坏载荷,还是破坏形式,分析结果均与试验结果吻合较好,屈曲载荷、破坏载荷的预测值与试验结果误差在7%以内。表明本文方法可以满足工程设计和分析要求。     

结构失效模式识别中失效元漂移问题的分析

基于有限元重分析技术，考虑载荷对结构的综合影响，从失效元漂移问题和结构极限承载能力角度出发，对结构可靠性分析中，增量载荷法的加载方式进行了分析和改进，并通过有限元程序进行了对比验证，文后提供了算例。结果表明，改进后的分析方法具有更广泛的应用性，其分析结果具有满意的精确度和良好的稳定性，更适合于实际工程中大型结构系统在多种载荷共同作用下的可靠性失效模式分析。     

基于板理论的层级褶皱结构失效模式分析

本文基于弹性板理论和夹层板理论对二级层级褶皱结构失效模式进行了分析。通过对基本构件进行受力分析得到了载荷与结构变形之间的关系。根据6种失效模式的定义,从极限载荷或极限应力角度出发,分析了在压缩载荷和剪切载荷工况下的各种失效模式,给出了结构单胞对应的等效正应力和等效切应力表达式。由最小失效强度得到了各失效模式之间的占优关系,并构建了失效机理图来阐释这一机制。最后通过与有限元分析结果比较,分析了本文公式的精度,与数值解吻合较好。     

碳/碳复合材料T型悬臂梁弯曲失效分析

首次对碳/碳复合材料T型结构件进行了悬臂梁弯曲试验。通过化学气相沉积工艺制备了宽度为40mm的T40试件和宽度为50mm的T50试件,分别对两种试件的损伤失效模式和弯曲应力进行了研究;根据结构破坏区域的应变随载荷增加的变化规律,得到了结构在弯曲过程中的损伤失效进程。结果发现,在悬臂梁弯曲载荷作用下,结构处于正应力和剪应力耦合状态,耦合应力会使宽厚比较小的结构件容易在腹板根部出现局部失稳现象。应用横力弯曲理论对结构破坏截面上腹板边缘的正应力和面内剪切应力进行了简单计算。结果表明:屈曲失效的T50试件比剪切型破坏的T40试件的最大弯曲正应力小22.93%,说明屈曲失效会使结构的弯曲强度大幅下降;而T50试件的最大剪切应力比T40试件的高31.46%,说明屈曲失效主要由材料的剪切性能控制。最后通过有限元方法对T50试件在发生剪切型破坏时的最大弯曲正应力进行了计算,计算结果与试验中发生压缩剪切破坏的T40试件相比仅相差3%,可以较好地表征T50试件的弯曲强度。     

CFRP复合材料构件胶接特性及失效规律研究

对不同铺层方式和不同胶层厚度的复合材料胶接单搭结构(SLJs)的连接性能进行了研究。使用内聚力模型模拟了SLJs的胶层退化及失效过程，通过与实验对比验证了数值模型的有效性；基于改进后的三维Hashin失效准则，模拟了复合材料层合板的损伤演化。结果表明：胶层的退化形态及失效规律与胶层粘连的复合材料铺层角度密切相关，当胶层两侧粘连的复合材料铺层角度为0°时，胶层会退化形成椭圆环状；当胶层两侧粘连的复合材料铺层角度为45°或-45°时，胶层会退化形成上下中心对称的水滴状；当胶层两侧粘连的复合材料铺层角度为90°时，胶层会退化成沙漏状。0°铺层与胶层相邻时，结构的极限失效载荷最大，此时复合材料未出现损伤；当90°铺层与胶层相邻，结构的极限失效载荷最小且复合材料出现基体损伤、纤维损伤和分层损伤。胶层厚度在0.05～0.5mm时，复合材料胶接单搭结构的连接性能最好，当胶层厚度大于0.5mm,结构的连接性能会大幅下降。     

静应力作用下的层合板接头损伤失效分析

基于单层板理论,结合有限元分析技术即应力分析、Hashin三维失效判定准则、包含4种基本损伤类型相互关联作用的材料性能退化方法及结构最终破坏判据等,建立了含辅助铺层层合板接头静载损伤失效分析方法. 同时,对层合板接头损伤扩展进行了模拟分析,损伤计算结果与试验分级加载试样X光进行了对比. 通过多种类型层合板接头静强度预测结果与试验结果对比及静载累积损伤规律分析表明,建立的静载三维累积损伤分析的强度预测方法可方便模拟不同结构尺寸层合板接头内部各铺层损伤起始、发展及结构最终破坏整个累积过程,同时获得其最终破坏强度及破坏模式. 该方法的预测结果与试验结果吻合较好.      

复合材料厚板双轴非线性渐进失效分析

为计算复合材料厚板在三维应力状态下的极限承载,综合考虑复合材料厚板的三维应力特性和厚板的本构理论,基于非线性本构关系与增量步迭代法,以Hashin 3D失效准则为单层板失效判据;当层压板中有一层或多层被检测到失效时,对失效层进行刚度折减,并在增量过程中不断更新刚度矩阵。同时,对航空结构件中使用的复合材料厚层压板进行了双轴载荷下的渐进失效过程模拟,分别计算了两种碳纤维环氧复合材料单向带在两种铺层形式以及三种载荷工况下的初始失效和极限承载包线;并给出了不同的铺层和材料组合下层压板的初始失效与最终失效强度包线及每一段所代表的失效模式,展示了层压板的渐进失效过程。本文研究方法解决了对复合材料厚层压板失效过程状态的跟踪与判定问题,同时又不必去建立复杂的三维有限元模型,减小了计算量。     

电子封装技术中金属基板结构的热失效行为研究

本文将电子散斑干涉与有限元数值计算相结合，对金属基板结构的热失效行为进行了研究。获得了低维氧化物绝缘薄膜的热失效温度，以及失效过程中基板表面的变形分布；测定了25μm厚度绝缘氧化薄膜的热膨胀系数，室温下弹性模量和失效应力等三个重要的材料常数；结合实验所测定的材料常数和研究的基板结构及性能，用有限元数值方法，模拟计算了绝缘氧化薄膜在不同缺陷形状时的失效过程。并给出了不同温度下绝缘氧化薄膜的最大应力集中值。     

含胶接缺陷的椭球泡沫夹层结构破坏机理与承载能力研究

采用试验和有限元方法,对含胶接缺陷的椭球泡沫夹层结构在外压作用下的破坏模式和承载能力进行了研究。针对国内在研的大尺寸椭球泡沫夹层结构,实施了全尺寸静力外压试验,发现初始胶接缺陷破坏了夹层结构界面应力传递的连续性;随着载荷增加,面板发生皱褶且脱胶界面继续扩展,从而降低结构整体承载能力。通过红外无损检测确定了缺陷的类型和形貌;采用预留相应初始脱粘面积、脱粘间隙以及内聚力单元模拟界面脱粘的有限元分析方法,对含胶接缺陷的椭球泡沫夹层结构承载能力进行预测。数值结果表明:含胶接缺陷结构易发生面板皱褶,且结构顶部和根部区域较易发生界面脱粘扩展。数值和试验结果取得了较好的一致性,本文结果可为同类结构设计提供参考。     

杆系结构静强度和疲劳失效机理及可靠性分析

根据疲劳载荷造成的疲劳累积损伤对结构极限承载力的影响情况,讨论了结构系统承载能力的可靠度计算方法,分析了结构系统中每一个单元在静载和疲劳载荷作用下的两种失效模式,并考虑了二者之间的相关性对该单元可靠性的影响,具体分析了结构系统在这两种载荷作用下的失效机理,给出了在这两种载荷作用下结构系统的可靠性分析方法. 算例表明,在不同的使用年限内,静载和疲劳载荷对结构系统可靠性的影响是不同的;在结构系统主要失效路径中既有单元静强度失效又有单元疲劳失效,这是符合结构系统使用真实情况的.     

Failure behavior of composite sandwich structures under local loading

Usually when analyzing the mechanical response of foam-cored fiber-reinforced composite sandwich structures to localized static loading, the face sheets are treated as a linear-elastic material and no damage initiation and growth is considered. However, practice shows that at higher indentation magnitudes damage develops in the face sheet in the area of contact with the indentor, which could lead to local failure of the face laminate due to the loss of bending stiffness and strength. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to develop a damage model for predicting the local failure in the composite face sheet and its influence on the load–displacement behavior of sandwich structures under local loading. For this purpose, the Hoffman failure criterion is incorporated into a finite element modeling procedure using the ABAQUS program system. Results deducted from the modeling procedure are compared with experimental data obtained in the case of static indentation tests performed on sandwich beam specimens using steel cylindrical indentors. It is shown that taking into account the damage in the face sheet leads to a substantial improvement in the performance of the model when simulating the mechanical behavior of the sandwich structures at higher indentation values.     

Fatigue failure of polyethylene methacrylate in adhesive assembly under unsymmetrical bending

In this paper, a special bending fatigue experiment was firstly performed to investigate the fatigue behavior of polyethylene methacrylate in adhesive assembly. Fatigue lifetime property (S–N curve) was obtained. Finite element calculations on the whole structures also gave the same results with the testing. Based on the experimental data and finite element analysis, a local stress law of predicting bending fatigue lifetime was put forward. The predication lifetime for the polyethylene methacrylate agreed well with the experimental results. Following the strain energy density (SED) criterion was applied to predict the crack initiation and growth path of the adhesive assembly. The predicted results were in good agreement with the optical microscopy (OM) failure image of the failure specimen. SEM image of fracture further showed that there were lots of parallel fatigue lines with perpendicularity to the direction of crack, and an obvious boundary from the crack propagation failure to final brittle fracture.     

爆炸冲击波作用下围岩与被覆结构的动力相互作用

爆炸作用下围岩与被覆结构的动力相互作用对于合理确定防护结构荷载、科学设计被覆结构具有重要意义。运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性显式动力有限元程序和流-固耦合算法,对垂直爆炸作用下不同爆距、不同跨度的地下结构与围岩的动力相互作用进行了数值模拟,应用波动理论进行了动力相互作用力分析,讨论了相互作用动载计算公式在岩石结构中的适用性,得到了围岩与被覆结构的最大相互作用力变化规律。研究结果表明:在距拱顶1~25 m垂直爆炸作用下,14~25 m跨地下结构都发生了拱顶局部破坏,整个拱的混凝土均会产生震动裂缝;当爆距为4 m时,围岩与结构的动力耦合作用最大,可以作为确定最大荷载的依据。     

渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮接触疲劳失效成因再分析

联合采用表面失效分析和有限元应力分析的方法,研究了渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮接触疲劳失效的成因.结果表明:由啮入线至第一次双对轮齿啮合结束部分齿面上密集的表面点蚀与该段啮合齿面相对滑移大,所消耗的摩擦功最大,摩擦应力大于第二次双齿啮合部分,而且最大剪应力更靠近齿面等因素有关.靠近节线的齿根齿面上的片状大块剥落属次表面点蚀,是由于该部位的次表面剪应力最大,位置最深,并且承受了前一对轮齿脱离啮合带来的冲击作用.紧邻啮入线附近齿面的较浅的剥落点蚀是由于承受啮入冲击,最大剪应力较大且出现位置较浅,齿面相对滑移最大所造成的,并与该处的表面点蚀坑有关.     

Thermal effects on adhesively bonded composite repair of cracked aluminum panels

This study introduces the two-dimensional finite element analysis involving three layer technique to investigate the adhesively bonded composite repair of cracked metallic structure under thermo-mechanical loading. The thermal loading involves, in this study, the temperature drop such as seen during the bonding process. Three patch materials having different stiffnesses and coefficients of thermal expansion are investigated to analyze the thermal effects on the damage tolerance of the crack in the repaired structure and of the debond in the adhesive bondline. For the single sided repair, the patch material having the maximum mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion with that of the cracked aluminum plate provides the better damage tolerance capability for both the crack in the panel and the debond in the adhesive. On the other hand, for double sided repair, the patch material having the minimal mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion with that of the cracked plate provides the better damage tolerance capability.     

Analytical/experimental investigation of energy absorption in grid-stiffened composite structures under transverse loading

In this paper we summarize preliminary results from an analytical/experimental study of the energy absorption characteristics of grid-stiffened composite structures under transverse loading. Tests and quasi-static finite element analysis simulations were carried out for isogrid E-glass/polypropylene panels in three-point bending. The results of the tests and simulations show that these types of structures have excellent damage tolerance and that most of the energy absorption occurs beyond initial failure. It is also observed that even though the peak load is greater for loading on the skin side, the specific energy absorption and the range of displacements over which energy is absorbed are significantly better when the load is applied on the rib side.     

评估TiN薄膜与基材结合的划痕试验及有限元模拟

通过有限元模型模拟划痕试验得到的结果表明∶切应力的起伏变化?膜/基界面处切应力差值?接触区附近膜层表面张应力?高载下的几种应力集中等,对膜/基体系的失效都有重要的作用.通过模型计算临界载荷下的膜/基界面处切应力差值,可用来评价膜层与基材的结合强度;提出了划痕试验中膜/基体系失效的2种机制.不同性能基材的TiN膜/基体系划痕试验结果,可验证本文有限元模拟的有效性,并表明临界载荷是膜/基结合强度?体系承载能力?内聚结合性能等的综合反映;低载往复摩擦磨损试验的结果进一步证实,用划痕试验的临界载荷评估膜/基结合强度具有局限性.     

Analytical solutions for adhesive composite joints considering large deflection and transverse shear deformation in adherends

This paper presents a novel formulation and analytical solutions for adhesively bonded composite single lap joints by taking into account the transverse shear deformation and large deflection in adherends. On the basis of geometrically nonlinear analysis for infinitesimal elements of adherends and adhesive, the equilibrium equations of adherends are formulated. By using the Timoshenko beam theory, the governing differential equations are expressed in terms of the adherend displacements and then analytically solved for the force boundary conditions prescribed at both overlap ends. The obtained solutions are applied to single lap joints, whose adherends can be isotropic adherends or composite laminates with symmetrical lay-ups. A new formula for adhesive peel stress is obtained, and it can accurately predict peel stress in the bondline. The closed-form analytical solutions are then simplified for the purpose of practical applications, and a new simple expression for the edge moment factor is developed. The numerical results predicted by the present full and simplified solutions are compared with those calculated by geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis using MSC/NASTRAN. The agreement noted validates the present novel formulation and solutions for adhesively bonded composite joints. The simplified shear and peel stresses at the overlap ends are used to derive energy release rates. The present predictions for the failure load of single lap joints are compared with those available in the literature.