基于自然坐标的自由浮动空间机械臂动力学分析

利用一种新方法研究自由浮动空间机械臂动力[学问题,这种方法基于一种称为“自然坐标”的新坐标体系,导出用自然坐标表示的无力矩状态下空间机械臂初积分形式动力学方程,根据臂端设计轨迹,对空间机械臂进行逆动力学仿真计算,结果表明该方法是一种简便,高效的可行方法。     

柔性机械臂动力学建模和控制研究

综述了柔性机械臂动力学建模和动力学控制等相关问题,介绍了柔性机械臂动力学建模中的旋转代数法、基于Lagrange方程的方法及基于模型辩识的方法;介绍了柔性机械臂动力学控制中的PD控制、反馈控制、自适应控制、鲁棒控制、预测控制、非线性控制和智能控 制,最后详细介绍了柔性机械臂动力学控制中的混合控制及智能结构;指出在柔性机械臂动力学建模和动力学控制应解决的问题。这对包括柔性机械臂在内的多柔体系统动力学建模与控制问题的研究有一定的促进作用。      

空间机械臂非线性动力学及控制

本文建立空间机械臂系统非完整约束方程及非一性动力学方程。利用逐次近似法讨论了机械臂结构弹性对负载位姿的影响，提出消除弹性影响的控制方法。运用Ｐｏｎｔｒｙｕａｇｉｎ极值原理寻求最小控制力矩及抑制弹性振动的控制规律，数值模拟结果表明本文提出方法的有效性。     

浮动基座空间机械臂系统的动力学建模与惯性轨迹跟踪的滑模控制

本文利用多刚体系统动力学方法对载体位置、姿态均不受控制的浮动基空间机械臂系统的运动学、动力学作了分析,并结合系统的动量与动量矩守恒关系建立了系统的动力学方程及运动的广义Jacobi关系。以此为基础,对空间机械臂末端抓手追踪惯性空间期望轨迹的控制问题作了研究。考虑到空间机械臂系统的结构复杂性及某些参数（如液体控制燃料的数量）的变动性,根据具有较强鲁棒性的变结构滑模控制理论,设计了轨迹跟踪控制的变结构滑模控制方案。此控制方案的优点在于：在操作过程中不需要对空间机械臂载体的位置、姿态进行主动控制,因此将大大减少位置、姿态控制装置的燃料消耗。通过对平面三杆自由浮动空间机械臂系统的仿真计算,证实了文中提出的变结构滑模控制方案的有效性。     

空间机械臂逆动力学的Liapunov方法

讨论了空间机械臂的逆动力学问题，指出了系统的非完整约束性质．以铰转角为变量的Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ方法由于理论缺陷导致实践中出现计算死点而难以实际应用．文中提出以臂端载荷位形为变量的Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ方法并给出算例，可以保证载荷向预定位形转移的渐近稳定性     

空间展开折叠桁架结构动力学分析研究

本文以笛卡尔坐标系下节点自然坐标为未知量,建立了桁架结构系的基本运动力学方程,并首次推导出桁架结构中常用节点附加几何约束方程,相应约束Jacobi矩阵及其导数矩阵,采用奇异值分解法求约束Jacobi矩阵的零空间基和M-P广义逆,并由矩阵缩减法建立了带约束桁架体系的运动力学方程和求解方法。数值算例表明该方法适于可展折叠桁架结构运动力学分析。     

空间机械臂动力学与控制研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在空间机械臂动力学与控制研究领域内的最新进展．包括路径规划的逆动力学、挠性影响、自适应控制及最优控制,以及工作空间等方面的研究状况和展望      

漂浮载体上机械臂的工作空间

本文讨论载于航天器的机械臂的工作空间问题，导出机械臂位形计算的普遍公式。对不同载体控制方案的机械臂工作空间进行分析和对比，并提出了为扩大工作空间的机械设计原则，最后讨论了负载对工作空间的影响。     

考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学

研究考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学性态。用Jourdain速度变分原理建立各机械臂的动力学变分方程,在此基础上根据各物体之间的运动学约束关系,建立柔性多体系统的微分代数混合动力学方程。数值仿真结果表明,当温度升高时,机械臂的轴向约束力和中心刚体的质心运动速度均出现显著振荡,而适当减小温度变化率,可以有效地控制振幅。     

空间机械臂抓取负载时最小冲击的研究

本文讨论空间机械臂冲击动力学问题,建立捕获得过程冲击动力学方程。导出负载质量,机械臂相对围角与碰撞冲量的关系,得到抓手在捕获过程所受冲击最小的系统铰空间位形,文中附有数值曲线。     

A velocity transformation method for the nonlinear dynamic simulation of railroad vehicle systems

The solution of the constrained multibody system equations of motion using the generalized coordinate partitioning method requires the identification of the dependent and independent coordinates. Using this approach, only the independent accelerations are integrated forward in time in order to determine the independent coordinates and velocities. Dependent coordinates are determined by solving the nonlinear constraint equations at the position level. If the constraint equations are highly nonlinear, numerical difficulties can be encountered or more Newton–Raphson iterations may be required in order to achieve convergence for the dependent variables. In this paper, a velocity transformation method is proposed for railroad vehicle systems in order to deal with the nonlinearity of the constraint equations when the vehicles negotiate curved tracks. In this formulation, two different sets of coordinates are simultaneously used. The first set is the absolute Cartesian coordinates which are widely used in general multibody system computer formulations. These coordinates lead to a simple form of the equations of motion which has a sparse matrix structure. The second set is the trajectory coordinates which are widely used in specialized railroad vehicle system formulations. The trajectory coordinates can be used to obtain simple formulations of the specified motion trajectory constraint equations in the case of railroad vehicle systems. While the equations of motion are formulated in terms of the absolute Cartesian coordinates, the trajectory accelerations are the ones which are integrated forward in time. The problems associated with the higher degree of differentiability required when the trajectory coordinates are used are discussed. Numerical examples are presented in order to examine the performance of the hybrid coordinate formulation proposed in this paper in the analysis of multibody railroad vehicle systems.     

Study on Dynamics, Stability and Control of Multi-Body Flexible Structure System in Functional Space

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航天器计算结构动力学展望

本文通过对结构动力学分析在航天器研制过程中具有极为重要的作用的叙述和未来航天器结构动力学的研究情况的展望,指出结构动力学试验仿真是航天器计算动力学研究发展的趋势,通过对结构功力学试验仿真技术途径和苛刻要求的介绍,提出航天器计算结构动力学前沿研究的几个课题。     

Numerical Continuation of Solutions and Bifurcation Analysis in Multibody Systems Applied to Motorcycle Dynamics

It is shown how the equations of motion for a multibody system can be generated in a symbolic form and the resulting equations can be used in a program for the analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems. Stationary and periodic solutions are continued when a parameter is allowed to vary and bifurcations are found. The variational or linearized equations and derivatives with respect to parameters are also provided to the analysis program, which enhances the efficiency and accuracy of the calculations. The analysis procedure is firstly applied to a rotating orthogonal double pendulum, which serves as a test for the correctness of the implementation and the viability of the approach. Then, the procedure is used for the analysis of the dynamics of a motorcycle. For running straight ahead, the nominal solution undergoes Hopf bifurcations if the forward velocity is varied, which lead to periodic wobble and weave motions. For stationary cornering, wobble instabilities are found at much lower speeds, while the maximal speed is limited by the saturation of the tyre forces.     

工程结构有限元模型化知识系统

有限元模型比知识的获取和形式化是有限元模型化专家系统建立的核心。本文以信息论为工具,在总结大量工程经验和理论研究成果的基础上,建立了工程结构模型化知识系统,它分为两个层次,一是复杂结构模型化,二是简单结构模型化。后者是前者的基础,包括力学模型化、有限元模型化和网络生成三部分。这些知识均已溶人了作者开发的专家系统之中。     

Modeling and validation of hitch loading effects on tractor yaw dynamics

This paper develops a yaw dynamic model for a farm tractor with a hitched implement, which can be used to understand the effect of tractor handling characteristics for design applications and for new automated steering control systems. Dynamic equations which use a tire-like model to capture the characteristics of the implement are found to adequately describe the tractor implement yaw dynamics. This model is termed the “3-wheeled” Bicycle Model since it uses an additional wheel (from the traditional bicycle model used to capture lateral dynamics of passenger vehicles) to account for the implement forces. The model only includes effects of lateral forces as it neglects differential longitudinal or draft forces between inner and outer sides of the vehicle. Experiments are taken to verify the hitch model using a three-dimensional force dynamometer. This data shows the implement forces are indeed proportional to lateral velocity and that differential draft forces can be neglected as derived in the “3-wheeled” Bicycle Model. Steady state and dynamic steering data are used for implements at varying depths and speeds to quantify the variation in the hitch loading. The dynamic data is used to form empirical transfer function estimates (ETFEs) of the implements and depths in order to determine the coefficients used in the “3-wheeled” Bicycle Model. Changes in a single parameter, called the hitch cornering stiffness, can capture the various implement configurations. Finally, a model that includes front wheel drive forces is derived. Experiments are taken which provide a preliminary look into the effect of four-wheel drive traction forces, and show a difference with two-wheel versus four-wheel drive, on the yaw dynamics of a tractor with the hitched implement.     

Modeling the Dynamics of Ensemble-Averaged Linear Disturbances in Homogeneous Shear Flow

In order to expand the predictive capability of single-point turbulence closure models to account for the early-stage transition regime, a methodology for the formulation and calibration of model equations for the ensemble-averaged disturbance kinetic energy and energy dissipation rate is presented. The calibration is based on homogeneous shear flow where disturbances can be described by rapid distortion theory (RDT). The relationship between RDT and linear stability theory is exploited in order to obtain a closed set of modeled equations. The linear disturbance equations are solved directly so that the numerical simulation yields a database from which the closure coefficients in the ensemble-averaged disturbance equations can be determined. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Modeling of Variable Density Turbulent Flows. A review of first-order closure schemes

The paper is intended as a review of where eddy-viscosity turbulence models have reached in accounting for the several distinct effects of variable density and high-Mach number behaviour on the development of turbulent shear flows. Three generations of ``compressible models' are depicted: a first one based on variable density and compressible adjustments of ``incompressible' schemes, a second one in which it is presumed that explicit dilatational terms can account for variable density and compressibility effects, and a third one, where such effects are taken implicitly in association with structural changes of the turbulent field. The latter are hardly tractable when using first-order closure schemes, but more reliable than the former in accounting for most observed variable density and compressibility effects in turbulent shear flows. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Modeling the Impact of Plant Toxicity on Plant–Herbivore Dynamics

Numerous empirical studies over the past two decades have documented substantial effects of plant toxins on diet choice and feeding behavior of herbivores, but analytical models have failed thus far to incorporate toxin-mediated effects of browsing on plant population dynamics. We study a mathematical model that incorporates plant toxicity in the functional response of plant–herbivore interactions. The model also includes a Lotka–Volterra type competition between plants. The model exhibits a rich variety of complex dynamics including Hopf bifurcation and period-doubling bifurcations. Differences in dynamical behavior stem from interspecific differences in plant biology and strategies for growth and defense as well as variation in responses of herbivores to toxins. Analyses suggest that for realistic parameter values, herbivores are capable of promoting coexistence of plant species by ameliorating competitive effects and hence enhancing biodiversity.