Comparative structural study of the lipopolysaccharides of Y. enterocolitica serovars 0:7.8 and 0:19.8

The lipopolysaccharides ofYersinia enterocolitica, serovars 0:7.8 (strain 106) and 0:19.8 (strain 842), isolated from the microbial mass by phenol-water extraction, contained residues of L-fucose, 6-deoxy-D-gulose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptoses, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO). The polysaccharides obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 were a mixture of the O-specific polysaccharide and the core, which could not be separated even by repeated rechromatography because of the comparability of their molecular masses. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, and partial hydrolysis, a structure has been suggested for the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharides ofY. enterocolitica of the serovars studied. Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 763–770, November–December, 1989.     

Structural investigation of the lipopolysaccharide ofYersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8

The lipopolysaccharide ofYersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8 (strain 161) isolated from the microbial mass by aqueous-phenol extraction contains residues of L-fucose-6-deoxy-D-gulose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptoses, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO). The polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, and partial hydrolysis the following structure is suggested for the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of the LPS ofYersinia enterocolitica, serovar 0:8:Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedenenii, No. 5, pp. 657–664, September–October, 1987.     

Lipopolysaccharides of the pseudotuberculosis microbe Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

This review generalizes the results of structural investigations of the polysaccharides of the O-specific side chains, of the core oligosaccharides, and of the lipid A of the pseudotuberculosis microbeYersinia pseudotuberculosis which causes Far-Eastern scarlatina-like fever. The complete structures of the repeating units of the specific polysaccharides from the lipopolysaccharides of serovars I A, I B, III, IV A, V A, V B, and VI which are responsible for the O-antigenic specificity of the microorganism are given. For the majority of serovars the repeating unit is represented by a branched pentasaccharide. Exceptions are the lipopolysaccharides of serovars I A and III which have a tetrasaccharide repeating unit. The presence of an aminosugar residue at the reducing end, by which the O-specific chain is attached to the oligosaccharide of the core, is common and characteristic for the lipopolysaccharides isolated from all the serovars. The structures of the core oligosaccharide and of lipid A, which are common for all serovars ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis, are given.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 163–171, March–April, 1988.     

Structural investigation of the lipopolysaccharide ofYersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8

The lipopolysaccharide ofYersinia enterocolitica serovar 0:8 (strain 161) isolated from the microbial mass by aqueous-phenol extraction contains residues of L-fucose-6-deoxy-D-gulose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptoses, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO). The polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, and partial hydrolysis the following structure is suggested for the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of the LPS ofYersinia enterocolitica, serovar 0:8:     

Chemical and immunochemical characterization of the lipopolysaccharides of Yersinia kristensenii serovars 0:12,25; 0:12,26; and 0:25,35

A comparative and immunochemical characterization of the lipopolysaccharides of three serovars ofY. kristensenii has been performed and the ratios of the monosaccharides have been established. The results of the immunochemical investigations confirmed the serotyping of the microorganisms.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 335–338, May–June, 1988.     

Investigation of the core of the lipopolysaccharides ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis

Lipopolysaccharides have been isolated from two R mutants of the pseudotuberculosis microbeYersinia tuberculosis, serovar VA. Mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 gave the core oligosaccharides OS I and OS II. Complete acid hydrolysis showed that OS I consisted of residues of D-galactose, G-glucose, two heptoses (D-glycero-D-mannoheptose and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose), and D-glucosamine in a ratio of 1:2.5:4:1, while OS II consisted of residues of D-glucose, heptoses, and D-glucosamine in a ratio of 1:2.5:0.2. On the basis of the results of monosaccharide analysis, methylation, Smith degradation, etc., a partial structure of the core oligosaccharide of the LPS ofY. pseudotuberculosis has been put forward.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 751–755, November–December, 1985.     

Specific polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria

This review generalizes the result of structural investigations of the polysaccharides of the O-specific side chains of the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of the most studied representations of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The O-specific polysaccharides are the serologically dominating part of the molecule that is responsible for the O-antigenic specificity of the LPSs. The structures of the specific polysacchrides from various Gram-positive bacteria are given. The serological specificity of the O-antigens is discussed and a connection is shown between the chemical structures of the polysaccharides and their serological affinity.Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 532–547, September–October, 1986.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. IV. Structure of glucans A,B, and C of Biebersteinia multifida

The neutral polysaccharides of the tuberous roots ofBiebersteinia multifida consist of three weakly branched glucans, A, B, and C. It has been established by periodate and chromic acid oxidation, methylation, and mass spectrometry that in the chains of glucans A, B, and C the monosaccharides are linked to one another by -1 6 bonds and there is branching at the C-3 atoms of the glucopyranose residues.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 188–191, March–April, 1993.     

Synthesis of antigenic bacterial polysaccharides and their fragments

Conclusions The free trisaccharide-D-mannopyranosyl(1-4)--L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 3)-D-galactopyranose was obtained, which is the repeating unit of the backbone chain of the O-specific polysaccharides ofSalmonella of serological groups A, B, and D₁.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No.1, pp.165–167, January, 1976.     

Polysaccharides ofPlantago major

Summary 1. The partial hydrolysis of the polysaccharide of the leaves ofPlantago major L. has given degraded pectic acid.2. A study of the physicochemical properties and IR spectra of the polygalacturonide and the products of its periodate-nitric acid oxidation has shown that the galacturonic acid residues in degraded pectic acid are in the pyranose from and are linked by a-0-1-4 bonds.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 80–83, 1967     

Lipids and lipopolysaccharides of the genusFlavobacterium

The fatty acid compositions of the free lipids of three strains and the monosaccharide compositions of the lipopolysaccharides of four strains of new species of microorganisms of the genusFlavobacterium have been studied. The acidic nature of the polysaccharides of the LPSs of the microorganisms studied has been shown.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, and Institute of Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 564–567, September–October, 1986.     

Phenols of Ferula prangifolia

Summary From the roots ofFerula prangifolia (Boiss) Korov. two phenolic components have been isolated that are esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and sesquiterpene alcohols. On the basis of their physicochemical constants and hydrolysis products it has been shown that one of them isl-chimgin (borneol p-hydroxybenzoate) and the second, which has been called ferungin, is ferutinol p-hydroxybenzoate.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 718–721, November–December, 1972.     

Unusual monosaccharides in the O-factors of lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria

Information is generalized on the structure of the O-specific polysaccharides forming components of the lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria in which residues of unusual monosacchrides rarely found in nature have been identified. A chemical substantiation of the immunological specificity of the O-factors of specific chains is given. The role of the unusual monosaccharides in the manifestation of O-factor specificity is discussed.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 743–763, November–December, 1989.     

The flavonoids of the milk vetches

Summary 1. A new flavonoid glycoside that we have calledastragaloside has been isolated from the flowers ofAstragalus publiflorus D.C.; it has the structure of isorhamnetin 3-(-D-glucosyl-6--D-glucoside).2. Stepwise acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis withAspergillus oryzae has given a flavonol glycoside, isorhamnetin 3--D-glucoside.3. The carbohydrate component is O-6--D-glucosyl-D-glucose.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 394–399, 1966     

Exoglycans of Yersina pseudotuberculosis

Summary 1. From a culture medium of strain 12 ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis of subtype IB a mixture of exoglycans has been isolated which consists of acidic heteropolysaccharides bound ionically to a protein component.2. The yield and monosaccharide composition of the exoglycans produced depend on the conditions of growth and the form of the colonies.3. The exoglycans of the local strain No. 12 and of a standard strain (No. 159) ofY. pseudotuberculosis of subtype IB contain monosaccharides (galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, fucose, glucuronic acid, glucosamine) and differ only by the ratio of the monosaccharide residues.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 315–321, May–June, 1975.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. II. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides ofBiebersteinia multifida

The polysaccharides of the tuberous roots ofBiebersteinia multifida D. C. have been isolated and characterized. The neutral polysaccharide consists of a mixture of three glucans — A, B, and C — with molecular weights of 4100, 2200, and 1100, respectively, formed by D-glucopyran residues linked by bonds.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plants Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 755–757, November–December, 1985.     

A study of the polysaccharides from the stems ofAlcea hyrcana

Conclusions 1. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from the bark and stems ofAlcea hyrcana Grossh. with yields of 2.2% and 1.6%, respectively; they contain uronic acids, glucose, arabinose, and xylose.2.The quantitative amounts of these monosaccharides in samples of the isolated polysaccharides have been determined.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 397–400, 1970     

Oxygenated acids of the reserve lipids of Rumex paulsenianus

The composition of the fatty mono- and dihydroxy acids of the fruit ofRumex paulsenianus Rech. fil. (familyPolygonaceae) has been determined by a combination of IRS, UVS, GLC, and mass-spectrometric methods. (22) Monohydroxy acids of the C₁₄–C₂₀ series, including isomers and isologues, and four dihydroxy acids from C₁₈ to C₂₀, including a new isomeric 9-OH-10, 12–17:2 acid have been detected.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 762–765, November–December, 1991.     

Lipopolysaccharides of marine blue-green algae

The lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) have been isolated from two blue-green algae,Oscillatoria hilderbrandtii andNostoc sp. by the method of phenol-water extraction. The LPSs contain polysaccharide and lipid components. The polysaccharide fraction fromO. hildebrandtii consists predominantly of 1,3-bound rhamnose residues with a substituent in the second position. The rhamnose residues in the polysaccharide fraction ofNostoc are connected by 1,3- and 1,2-glycosidic bonds. The lipid components of the LPSs fromO. hilderbrandtii andNostoc consist of palmitic and steric acids, with glucosamine and glucose.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 493–496, July–August, 1985.     

Polysaccharides of the protein-lipoid-polysaccharide complex of the mycelium ofVerticillium dahliae. I. Isolation and fractionation

A phytotoxic PLPC has been isolated from the mycelium of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb., strain 614. The polysaccharide component has been split out from the PLPC by mild acid hydrolysis. The polysaccharide has been fractionated and the monosaccharide compositions of the fractions have been determined. A phytotoxic polysaccharide homogeneous according to gel chromatography and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose has been isolated which consists of an -glucan containing a minor amount of D-glucosamine.Tashkent State University. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 774–777, November–December, 1979.