Dechlorination of Aromatic Chlorides in Aqueous System Catalyzed by Functionalized MontK10 Supported Palladium—tin

A novel bisupporter binetal catalyst PVP-PdCl2-SnCl4/MonK10-PEG400,using for dehalogenation of insoluable aromatic halides in aqueous system,has shown high dechlorination activity and selectivity,without any organic solvent or phase transfer catalyst.The conversion of aromatic chlorides can reach 100%.The catalyst is easy to prepare and has good reusability.     

Hydrodehalogenation of Halogenated Organic Contaminants from Aqueous Sources by Pd Nanoparticles Dispersed in the Micropores of Pillared Clays Under Transfer Hydrogenation Condition

Palladium nanoparticles dispersed in the micropores of the Al-pillared clay was prepared by chemical reduction of palladium chloride salt. The Al-pillared clay was prepared by insertion of [AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺ clusters into clay interlayer and subsequent thermal activation. The pillared clay supported system (Pd/Al–P) was characterized using XRD, IR, UV–Vis, SEM, TEM and sorptometric technique. The expansion of the interlayer space as a result of pillaring was noted for Pd/Al–P system from the XRD study. The TEM study of the supported system indicated well dispersion of the Pd species with particle size in the range of 5–30 nm. The supported Pd particles were used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrodehalogenation of halogenated organics under hydrogen transfer condition using hydrazine hydrate as hydrogen donating agent. The effect of various reaction parameters such as temperature, time, and nature of support, type of hydrogen transfer agents and functionality of substrate was studied in details. The catalytic study clearly indicated superior catalytic activity of the supported Pd system in presence of hydrazine hydrate as hydrogen donating agent. The Al-pillared clay as support influences the dispersion and catalytic activity of the supported Pd nanoparticles.     

Pd（OAc）2／FePc催化环己烯氧化合成环己酮的研究

考察了几种Ｆｅ－大环配合物与Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２组成的双组分催化体系，在乙腈酸性水溶液中环己烯经合成环己酮的催化活性，实验结果表明，其中以酞菁失（ＦｅＰｃ）与Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２组成的催化体系活性最高，而ＦｅＴＰＰＣｌ与Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２催化体系，虽然催化活性较高，但催化剂的稳定性较低，各种因素对Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／ＦｅＰｃ催化活催化影响的研究结果指出，在无水和酸存在的非水溶液中，Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／ＦｅＰｃ对     

Unexpected deprotection of silyl and THP ethers induced by serious disparity in the quality of Pd/C catalysts and elucidation of the mechanism

Commercial Pd/C catalysts show different catalytic activity toward the deprotection of silyl and THP ethers. The Pd/C purchased from Merck and ACROS exhibits marked tendency to cleave these protective groups unexpectedly without hydrogen conditions although Aldrich's Pd/C (20,569-9) is inactive in the absence of hydrogen. It was proved that the Pd/C disparity toward the deprotection of TES and THP ethers results from residual acids and/or palladium chloride in the production process of Pd/Cs. Although a TES ether cleavage reaction in the absence of hydrogen and a THP ether cleavage reaction in the presence of hydrogen using 10% Pd/C were recently published, we could conclude they were only an acid-catalyzed solvolysis, the acid being released from the catalyst. Hydrogen is essential for the actual 10% Pd/C-catalyzed cleavage of TES ethers and THP ethers which must be stable under the true Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation conditions.     

Mesoporous Silica MCM‐41 Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Pd Complex for Heck and Sonogashira Coupling Reactions

Heterocyclic carbene‐Pd complex was anchored onto the mesoporous silica MCM‐41 which exhibits high catalytic activity in Heck reaction under phosphine free reaction conditions for the reaction of iodo/bromoarenes with olefinic compounds such as butyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate and styrene. This catalytic system also showed high activity for Sonogashira coupling reaction of various aryl halides under copper, phosphine and solvent‐free reaction conditions. The air and thermally stable catalyst were reused several times without significant loss of its activity. High efficiency of the catalyst along with its recycling ability and the rather low Pd‐loading demonstrated in both Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions are the merits of the presented catalyst system.     

氧化镁负载三聚氰胺缩甲醛高分子钯配合物催化剂催化加氢制备葡辛胺的研究

以氧化镁负载三聚氰胺缩甲醛高分子钯配合物为催化剂, 对葡萄糖与正辛胺催化加氢制备葡辛胺进行了研究. 结果表明在以60 mL乙醇为溶剂, 三乙胺为添加剂(1.0 mL), 于60 ℃的反应温度, 1.5 MPa反应氢压, 0.7 g催化剂用量下反应6 h, 37.2 mmol葡萄糖与31 mmol正辛胺催化加氢可得产率为57.6%的葡辛胺. 相对于雷内镍催化剂, 该催化剂制备简单,制备过程无污染、对环境友好,产物纯度高,并具有适当的可重复使用,因此氧化镁负载三聚氰胺缩甲醛高分子钯配合物是葡辛胺制备的良好催化剂.     

Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒的制备及催化制氢性能

采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)保护的化学共还原法制备了Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒, 研究了PVP及还原剂(NaBH₄)的用量、金属盐浓度、金属比例等对Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒催化NaBH₄制氢性能的影响. 透射电子显微镜(TEM)的结果表明, 所制备的Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒的平均粒径在1.5-2.8 nm之间. Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒(BNPs)的催化活性远高于Pd与Co单金属纳米颗粒的活性; 当Pd/Co的理论原子比为1/9时, 双金属纳米颗粒的催化活性最高可达15570 mol·mol^-1·h^-1 (文中纳米颗粒的催化活性均为每摩尔Pd的活性). 密度泛函理论(DFT)的计算结果表明, Pd原子与Co原子之间发生电荷转移, 使得Pd原子带负电而Co原子带正电, 荷电的Pd和Co原子进而成为催化反应的活性中心. 所制备的Pd/Co双金属纳米颗粒具有很好的催化耐久性, 即使重复使用5次后, 该催化剂仍具有较高的催化活性, 且使用后的纳米颗粒催化剂也没有出现团聚现象. 双金属纳米颗粒催化NaBH₄水解反应的活化能约为54 kJ·mol^-1.     

Improved catalytic performance of Ni catalysts for steam methane reforming in a micro-channel reactor

Milliseconds process to produce hydrogen by steam methane reforming （SMR） reaction, based on Ni catalyst rather than noble catalyst such as Pd, Rh or Ru, in micro-channel reactors has been paid more and more attentions in recent years. This work aimed to further improve the catalytic performance of nickel-based catalyst by the introduction of additives, i.e., MgO and FeO, prepared by impregnation method on the micro-channels made of metal-ceramic complex substrate. The prepared catalysts were tested in the same micro-channel reactor by switching the catalyst plates. The results showed that among the tested catalysts Ni-Mg catalyst had the highest activity, especially under harsh conditions, i.e., at high space velocity and/or low reaction temperature. Moreover, the catalyst activity and selectivity were stable during the 12 h on stream test even when the ratio of steam to carbon （SIC） was as low as 1.0. The addition of MgO promoted the active Ni species to have a good dispersion on the substrate, leading to a better catalytic performance for SMR reaction.     

Pd基无涂层整体式催化剂上甲苯催化燃烧净化研究

采用化学镀法在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷基体上制备了Pd基无涂层整体式催化剂Pd/cord,并对其在甲苯催化燃烧净化反应中的催化性能进行了研究.结果表明,Pd/cord催化剂在钯负载量较低(如为0.24％)时,即可使甲苯从201℃起燃后,突跃到226℃完全转化,表现出良好的甲苯催化燃烧净化性能.该类催化剂在空速6000h-1 ～4...     

Pd/C和Raney Ni催化剂的制备及其催化活性比较

制备了Pd/C和Raney Ni催化剂,其结构和性能经XRD,BET和SEM表征。并以呋喃加氢制备四氢呋喃为探针反应,对两种催化剂的催化活性进行了比较,探讨了反应温度、反应压力和催化剂用量对转化率和选择性的影响,结果表明:Raney Ni的催化活性优于Pd/C。     

Synthesis and Characterization of the 2‐Methylaminopyridine‐functionalized Polystyrene Resin‐supported Pd(II) Catalyst for the Mizoroki–Heck and Sonogashira Reactions in Water

A new polystyrene‐anchored Pd(II) pyridine complex is synthesized and characterized. This Pd(II) pyridine complex behaves as a very efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the Heck reaction of methyl acrylate with aryl halides and the Sonogashira reaction of terminal alkynes with aryl halides in water. Furthermore, the catalyst shows good thermal stability and recyclability. This polymer‐supported Pd(II) catalyst could easily be recovered by simple filtration of the reaction mixture and reused for more than five consecutive trials without a significant loss in its catalytic activity.     

Electron Transfer to Decorated Graphene Oxide Particles

Graphene oxides (GOs) are popular catalyst supports for precious metals in nanoparticle form. The hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on individual GO platelets decorated with Pd nanoparticles (Pd/GOs) were investigated. The results suggest that the catalytic activity is confined to the zone physically close to the point of electrical contact between platelet and electrode with just a fraction of the platelet active.     

Pd(OAc)_2/HQ/FePc、Pd(OAc)_2/FePc 催化烯烃氧化合成酮的研究

考察了在乙腈酸性水溶液中Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／氢醌（ＨＱ）／酞青铁（ＦｅＰｃ）和Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／ＦｅＰｃ对环己烯、环戊烯、苯乙烯、正癸烯氧化合成相应酮的催化活性．实验结果表明，两类催化体系对环戊烯的酮基化均呈现出较高的催化活性，环戊酮收率可达９８％．在其它烯烃的氧化反应中，三元催化体系Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／ＨＱ／ＦｅＰｃ的催化活性高于二元的Ｐｄ（ＯＡｃ）２／ＦｅＰｃ．这表明，在Ｗａｃｋｅｒ类催化体系中，电子传递体的作用是很重要的．对催化体系中各组分的作用进行了讨论，并给出了可能的催化作用机理．     

Pd nanoparticles supported on CeO2 as efficient catalyst for hydrogen generation from formaldehyde solution at room temperature

A facile and efficient method for facilitating hydrogen generation from formaldehyde aqueous solution was developed using Pd nanoparticles supported on CeO₂ (Pd/CeO₂) as the catalyst. The prepared Pd/CeO₂ catalyst exhibited 100% H₂ selectivity and excellent catalytic activity for formaldehyde dehydrogenation with the initial rate of 2089 ml min⁻¹ g_Pd⁻¹ at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without any extra additive. The prepared catalyst was stable and reusable, and its catalytic activity kept almost unchanged after it was reused for the fifth run. Therefore, it is considered that this Pd/CeO₂ based hydrogen generation system may serve as an alternative hydrogen supply candidate for practical application.     

Application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as a Novel Approach for Monitoring of the Activity of Nano Palladium Catalyst as Compared to Two Well-known Methods

Catalyst deactivation is an unavoidable process that occurs in catalytic chemical reactions. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is used here as a novel approach to investigate the activity of palladium supported with carbon catalyst (Pd/C) over the hydrogenation of cinnamic acid with tetralin. Their outputs for four catalyst samples are reported for different time intervals of 0, 5, 10, 15 min during the reaction. The results of LIBS analysis are compared to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), which shows a good agreement. Experimental data specify that line intensities of palladium (Pd) are decreased significantly with an increment of the reaction time. Moreover, the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) of catalysts samples show aggregation of palladium particles for some places in the catalyst surface. The changes of Pd content and sintering of Pd particles in the catalyst during the reaction play substantial roles in catalyst deactivation.     

采用Pd／树脂催化剂的轻汽油临氢醚化反应研究

研究了催化裂化轻汽油临氢醚化工艺,以降低催化裂化汽油的烯烃含量并提高辛烷值,制备了Pd负载D005阳离子交换树脂催化剂,该催化剂具有同时催化二烯烃选择性加氢和步碳烃与甲醇醚化的功能。考察了遗金属负载量和反应择醚收率的影响,在反应温度343K、压力1．5Mpa,n（甲醇）/ n(叔碳烯烃）比＝1．1、n（氢）／n（二烯）比＝2、液时空速3/h的条件下,醚收率达55．32％。2016h的寿命试验表明,该催化剂活性稳定,可以长周期使用。     

Direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of phenol using Pd–Cu based redox catalyst system

A catalyst system was designed for direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of phenol. Besides Pd carbonylation catalyst, inorganic and organic redox cocatalysts were included in the catalyst system for in situ regeneration of active Pd species. Copper(II) acetate was used as inorganic redox cocatalyst and hydroquinone was found to give good results as organic redox cocatalyst. Efficiency of various bases, effect of a drying agent, and optimum reaction conditions for achieving high catalytic activity were also investigated in detail. Using suitable components of catalyst system and under optimum reaction conditions, a Pd turnover number of 250 could be obtained.     

Hollow nanoshell-sphere Fe@Fe/Pd reactors: a magnetically recoverable catalyst for the C<Subscript>sp</Subscript>–S cross-coupling reactions in water

The hollow Pd–PVP–Fe nanosphere and Fe–PVP nanoparticle catalysts were synthesized by thermal method. Mixing of two metallic nanocatalysts was applied in the C_sp–S cross-coupling reactions between diphenyl disulfide and phenylacetylene under mild conditions in water. Results show that bi-catalytic system has higher catalytic efficiencies than their monocatalytic systems due to synergy between two catalysts. Order of adding two metallic catalysts were adjusted into the coupling reaction medium. Therefore, various bi-catalytic systems were obtained and characterized by XRD, SEM, EBSD, EDX, UV–Vis spectra, and particle size analyzer. Under special order of adding, the obtained hollow nanoshell-sphere Fe@Fe/Pd reactor showed higher catalytic activity in the coupling reaction compared to other bi-catalytic systems. The C_sp–S coupling products obtained of various diaryl disulfides and phenylacetylene at presence Fe@Fe/Pd (only 7.3?×?10^?5 mmol Pd) catalyst with moderate to high yields in water solvent and mild reaction conditions. After the reaction, the catalyst/product(s) separation could be easily achieved with an external magnet and more than 95% of catalyst could be recovered. The recovered catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, EBSD, EDX, and UV–Vis spectra. The Fe@Fe/Pd was reused at least six repeating cycles without any loss of its high catalytic activity. Tuning morphology and chemical composition of bi-catalytic system are key mainstays of high activity of Fe@Fe/Pd in repeating cycles of cross-coupling reactions.     

钯前驱体对汽车尾气处理Pd/Ce_(0.67)Zr_(0.33)O_2催化剂催化性能的影响(英文)

分别以Pd(NO3)2,Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2和H2Pd Cl4为钯前驱体制备了Pd/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2(CZ)催化剂.以硝酸钯为钯前驱体制得的Pd/CZ(NO)催化剂具有较高的储氧量,存在较多的小的钯簇,其钯与载体间相互作用较强,因此在三种新鲜催化剂中对HC和CO的消除表现出了最好的催化活性.以硝酸四氨钯为钯前驱体制得的Pd/CZ(NH)催化剂具有较高的钯分散度,存在较多的大的钯簇,同时存在金属态和氧化态的钯,从而对NO和NO2的消除表现出了较好的催化活性.以氯钯酸为钯前驱体制得的Pd/CZ(Cl)催化剂由于钯分散度较小,钯与载体间作用较弱,存在的CeOCl抑制了氧空穴的生成,因此对各种反应物的催化活性都较低.但Pd/CZ(Cl)催化剂表现出了较好的热稳定性,这是由于老化处理消除了残余的氯物种并且促进了钯与载体间的作用.     

Significant supplier-dependent disparity in catalyst activity of commercial Pd/C toward the cleavage of triethylsilyl ether

Pd/C catalysts exhibit remarkable supplier-dependent difference in catalyst activity and property. Some commercial Pd/C catalysts are quite acidic. Although a TES ether cleavage reaction using 10% Pd/C in the absence of hydrogen was quite recently published, we could conclude it was only an acid, released from the catalyst, catalyzed solvolysis, and hydrogen is essential for the actual 10% Pd/C-catalyzed cleavage of a TES ether.