共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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简要介绍了聚合物膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的特点及其存在的主要技术问题。综述了PEMFC阴极非Pt催化剂的研究进展,重点讨论了过渡金属硫族化合物、过渡金属合金、过渡金属氮化物、过渡金属氧化物以及过渡金属大环化合物等非Pt催化剂对氧还原反应(ORR)的催化活性、化学或电化学稳定性以及耐甲醇能力等性能,提出了阴极非Pt催化剂存在的问题以及发展趋势。Ru基硫族化合物、Pd基合金和过渡金属大环化合物催化剂具有良好的性能,有望成为PEMFC阴极Pt基催化剂的替代材料。 相似文献
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氧电极催化剂及缓慢的阴极氧还原动力学是制约低温燃料电池商业化的关键瓶颈因素之一。为此,国内外研究者近年来从提高低温燃料电池氧电极催化剂的催化活性和稳定性、降低催化剂的成本、发展非贵金属氧还原催化剂等方面开展了大量的研究工作,有力地促进了低温燃料电池的发展进程。本文在简要介绍低温燃料电池氧电极反应机理的基础上,从催化剂载体、贵金属及其合金催化剂、金属大环化合物及M-N/C类催化剂和过渡金属硫族化合物类催化剂等方面详细综述了低温燃料电池氧电极催化剂近年来的主要研究进展,并指出了各类催化剂目前尚待解决的问题和发展方向。 相似文献
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对绿色、高效能源储存装置日趋强烈的需求,使得用于清洁能源转换的先进技术获得了研究者的密切关注。具有环境友好、高能量转换效率等优势的燃料电池是传统能源转换装置极具希望的替代品。然而,工业催化界中商业化程度高的Pt体系催化剂存在成本高、稳定性差和抗毒化能力弱等问题,限制了燃料电池的进一步发展。开发储量丰富、成本低廉且性能优异的非Pt体系氧还原(ORR)催化剂是降低燃料电池成本,促进其大规模应用的有效途径。对此,结合近10年来国内外研究成果,系统介绍了当前各类非Pt体系ORR催化剂的研究进展,包括非贵金属基以及非金属基催化剂。同时,针对各类催化剂的优点、不足及改性策略进行了归纳与总结,并对未来ORR电催化剂的发展提出挑战、做出展望。 相似文献
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质子交换膜燃料电池具有绿色、可持续、效率高等优点,被认为是解决环境与能源问题最有前途的替代方案。燃料电池核心是催化剂,目前应用最成熟的是铂族贵金属,但其高昂的成本制约着燃料电池的快速推广,另外铂族金属对CO、NH3等气体较为敏感,使得燃料纯度要求苛刻,因此开发高性能低成本的催化剂替代贵金属是推动燃料电池商业化的重要途径。本文总结了近年来燃料电池近年来Fe-N-C催化剂的研究成果,并对Cu、Co等金属掺杂影响进行了系统综述。文中从制备方法、载体、氮源、金属掺杂等对Fe-N-C催化剂氧还原活性及耐久性的影响进行了详细的对比分析,对催化剂的失活机理进行了一定的探讨。最后,本文展望了Fe-N-C催化剂未来的发展方向,提出催化剂活性、耐久性同步提升以及优化燃料电池催化剂层的方案。 相似文献
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双功能氧催化剂的催化活性及稳定性是决定一体式可再生燃料电池能否高效运作的关键因素之一。得益于分别对于氧还原及氧析出反应特定中间产物适当的结合能,铂与铱、钌及其氧化物所制成的贵金属催化剂常被应用于一体式可再生燃料电池中作为双功能氧催化剂。同时,近年来对于非铂族双功能氧催化剂的研究也取得了较大进展。本篇综述从一体式可再生燃料电池中氧还原及氧析出反应的作用机理出发,首先着重对传统铂基双功能催化剂的构效关系进行了总结,其次介绍了钙钛矿型、尖晶石型氧化物、非金属等新型双功能氧催化剂的发展趋势。此外,本文对于该研究领域所存在的限制条件和发展路线也进行了总结与展望。 相似文献
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Fuel cells have the potential to provide sustainable clean energy but are hampered by the reliance on Pt as an electrocatalyst for half-cell reactions. Bio-inspired molecular catalysts, composed of Earth-abundant elements, have shown promise as alternative electrocatalysts for fuel oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. This article provides a concise overview of recent progress in this area with particular focus on (i) electrodes modified with molecular catalysts for fuel oxidation and O2 reduction and (ii) fuel cells incorporating surface-confined molecular catalysts for both anodic and cathodic reactions. Finally, the prospect and challenges of using molecular catalysts in fuel cell assemblies are discussed. 相似文献
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燃料电池具有高效、低排放等优势,非常有希望作为未来电动汽车的能源转化装置.目前,燃料电池的商业化受制于昂贵的铂基催化剂,特别是动力学迟缓的阴极氧还原反应(ORR)铂催化剂. Fe/N/C被认为是最有潜力的ORR非贵金属催化剂,但其活性仍远低于Pt催化剂,必须依靠增加载量来弥补其与Pt催化剂的活性差距.然而,较厚的催化层(~100mm)会降低阴极传质速率.因此,改善Fe/N/C阴极的传质是提高电池性能的重要途径.
本文选择高N含量的2-氨基苯并咪唑(ABI)为氮源,通过水热聚合包覆在碳黑表面,然后掺入FeCl3,经高温热解/酸洗制备了Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂,并与基于间苯二胺的微孔型Fe/N/C催化剂(Fe/N/C-PmPDA)进行比较. Ar等温吸附-脱附结果表明, Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂具有较高的比表面积(662 m2/g)和丰富的双级孔结构(微孔和介孔);透射电镜表征显示Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂具有中空结构,介孔孔径大约为10–25 nm.而Fe/N/C-PmPDA催化剂具有相当的比表面积(656 m2/g),但以微孔为主,基本不含介孔.旋转环圆盘电极(RRDE)测试表明,在0.1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中, Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂的起始还原电位为0.92 V,在0.8 V电位下质量电流密度可达9.21 A/g;而Fe/N/C-PmPDA催化剂具有相近的起始电位,但具有更高的催化活性,质量电流密度为13.4 A/g.氢氧燃料电池(PEMFC)系统测试结果表明, Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂在1个背压和80oC测试条件下的最大功率密度达710 mW/cm2,高于Fe/N/C-PmPDA催化剂(616 mW/cm2).燃料电池与RRDE测试活性顺序的差异归结于Fe/N/C-ABI的中空球状结构. PEMFC工作时阴极会产生大量的水,很容易堵塞氧气传输通道. Fe/N/C-ABI的介孔结构可以作为水的产生和排除的缓存空间,也有利于提高O2传质,从而提高燃料电池性能.本文为具有高传质速率的Fe/N/C催化剂研制提供了一种新思路. 相似文献
本文选择高N含量的2-氨基苯并咪唑(ABI)为氮源,通过水热聚合包覆在碳黑表面,然后掺入FeCl3,经高温热解/酸洗制备了Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂,并与基于间苯二胺的微孔型Fe/N/C催化剂(Fe/N/C-PmPDA)进行比较. Ar等温吸附-脱附结果表明, Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂具有较高的比表面积(662 m2/g)和丰富的双级孔结构(微孔和介孔);透射电镜表征显示Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂具有中空结构,介孔孔径大约为10–25 nm.而Fe/N/C-PmPDA催化剂具有相当的比表面积(656 m2/g),但以微孔为主,基本不含介孔.旋转环圆盘电极(RRDE)测试表明,在0.1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中, Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂的起始还原电位为0.92 V,在0.8 V电位下质量电流密度可达9.21 A/g;而Fe/N/C-PmPDA催化剂具有相近的起始电位,但具有更高的催化活性,质量电流密度为13.4 A/g.氢氧燃料电池(PEMFC)系统测试结果表明, Fe/N/C-ABI催化剂在1个背压和80oC测试条件下的最大功率密度达710 mW/cm2,高于Fe/N/C-PmPDA催化剂(616 mW/cm2).燃料电池与RRDE测试活性顺序的差异归结于Fe/N/C-ABI的中空球状结构. PEMFC工作时阴极会产生大量的水,很容易堵塞氧气传输通道. Fe/N/C-ABI的介孔结构可以作为水的产生和排除的缓存空间,也有利于提高O2传质,从而提高燃料电池性能.本文为具有高传质速率的Fe/N/C催化剂研制提供了一种新思路. 相似文献
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Direct methanol fuel cells for vehicular applications 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A. K. Shukla M. K. Ravikumar K. S. Gandhi 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》1998,2(2):117-122
Dramatic technological advances for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell have focused attention on this technology for motor
vehicles. The fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) have the potential to compete with the petroleum-fueled internal combustion engine
vehicles (ICEVs) in cost and performance while effectively addressing air quality, energy insecurity, and global warming concerns.
Methanol being a liquid can be easily transported and can be supplied from the existing network of oil company distribution
sites. Recently, combining improved catalysts with fuel cell engineering, it has been possible to overcome some of the difficulties
that have frustrated previous research and development efforts in realizing a commercially viable direct methanol fuel cell.
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) with power densities between 0.2 and 0.4 W/cm2 at operational temperatures in the range 95–130 °C have been developed. These power densities are sufficient to suggest that
stack construction is well worth while. This paper reviews recent advances and technical challenges in the field of DMFCs.
Received: 27 May 1997 / Accepted: 25 November 1997 相似文献
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采用半池考察了Pt/C催化剂在含不同浓度甲醇的0.5mol/L硫酸中的氧还原活性(ORR).研究发现,当甲醇浓度为0.1mol/L时,Pt/C催化剂的ORR活性最高,在催化层上热压商品NafionNRE-212膜后也出现同样趋势.线性扫描伏安曲线显示,压膜前后的Pt/C催化剂的ORR活性在含0.1mol/L甲醇的0.5mol/L硫酸中几乎没有变化.电化学阻抗谱结果表明,在该溶液中,Nafion膜的电阻比在其它电解液中低,这可能是导致Pt/C催化剂ORR活性提高的主要原因.有必要关注Nafion膜的这一异常性质并通过特殊设计后用于电池堆,以提高燃料电池性能. 相似文献
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Reza Abbasi Brian P. Setzler Junhua Wang Yun Zhao Teng Wang Shimshon Gottesfeld Yushan Yan 《Current Opinion in Electrochemistry》2020
Low-temperature direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) are fueled directly by ammonia, a carbon-neutral fuel stored in the liquid state under low pressure. Liquid ammonia has advantages over compressed hydrogen gas, including higher energy density and facilitated distribution and refill. The beginning-of-life performance reported until recently for low-temperature DAFCs has been substantially lower than that of polymer electrolyte fuel cells fueled by hydrogen. We discuss here promising recent advances in electrocatalyst development, cell performance, and cell performance stability for low-temperature DAFCs, including beginning-of-life peak power density of 420 mW/cm2, and operation over several days at constant current. In addition, we describe technology gaps that must be closed for low-temperature DAFCs to achieve the performance required for practical applications. 相似文献
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采用FeCl3·6H2O,Cu(NO3)2·3H2O,KSCN,氧化BP-2000和三聚氰胺分别作为铁源、铜源、硫源、碳源和氮源,制备了一系列非贵金属氧还原电催化剂.通过透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱等表征了催化剂的形貌和结构,并通过旋转圆盘和旋转环盘测试研究了催化剂的性能,分析了铜,硫掺杂对于催化剂性能的提升作用.结果表明,与铜掺杂相比,硫掺杂能更大幅度地提高催化剂的周转率(TOF),并有效降低过氧化氢产率;同时铜,硫双掺杂的催化剂具有更高的TOF和更低的过氧化氢产率. 相似文献
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Bi-Lin Lai Zhi-Hui Xiao Peng-Yang Jiang Yong Xie Nan Li Zhao-Qing Liu 《ChemElectroChem》2022,9(6):e202101699
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are expected to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, both the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and the formation of biofilm on the cathode prevent the efficient operation of MFC. Herein, zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF)-derived Ag−Fe−N/C catalysts with good electrocatalytic activity are developed by a synthetic strategy of chemisorption, calcination, and photo-deposition. The optimal Ag−Fe−N/C-2 has a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.87 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M KOH. The MFC assembled as a cathode exhibits excellent power generation with a maximum power density of 523±7 mW m−2 and long-term stability, which is better than commercial Pt/C. In addition, the Ag−Fe−N/C-2 catalyst has the antibacterial ability, which affects the microbial community structure on the cathode biofilm. The results indicate that Ag−Fe−N/C as a bifunctional cathode catalyst with excellent electrocatalytic and antibacterial activity is beneficial to the efficient and long-term stable operation of MFC. 相似文献
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Platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts are promising low-cost materials for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). A variety of chemical precursors and synthesis methods have been proposed to increase their catalytic activity. In comparison, significantly less attention has been dedicated to the integration of these PGM-free catalysts into operating electrodes by investigating the role of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication on the PEMFC performance. We discuss here some remarkable performance improvements recently achieved by tuning catalyst loading, ionomer content, and ink solvent composition, and call for further explorations of the ink processing and MEA fabrication to improve performance. 相似文献