恒温热源闭式燃气轮机中冷循环性能优化

本文运用有限时间热力学(FTT)理论,导出了恒温热源条件下闭式燃气轮机不可逆中冷循环功率、效率和功率密度的解析式,分别优化了循环最优功率和功率密度时各换热器热导率分配、中间压比和总压比,并比较了相应性能。     

基于微燃机的HAT循环变工况性能分析

基于某微燃机构建了HAT循环,研究了其在功率下降(ISO条件)、环境温度变化时的变工况性能,并与简单循环、回热循环和RWI(注水回热)循环的设计工况、变工况性能进行了对比。结果表明, HNI、循环和RWI循环的变工况性能相似且好于简单循环和回热循环。其中,空气湿化程度的调整对于HAT循环变工况性能的稳定性起重要作用。但由于没有设置中冷器,且微燃机循环中可资利用的(火用)较少,HAT循环设计工况和变工况性能相对于其它循环的优势没有得到充分体现。     

基于微燃机的空气湿化循环构建与分析

基于同一微燃机,构建了注水回热(RWI)、HAT、部分空气湿化(PHAT)、压气机入口喷雾冷却的HAT(AHAT)循环模型,对各循环的性能进行了模拟分析并对比了效率和比功.结果表明,在可比条件下,空气湿化循环功率和效率较回热循环分别提高40%以上和5个百分点左右.研究结果为微燃机改造为空气湿化循环提供了依据和理论指导.     

间冷过程对三级回热压缩S-CO2循环系统的影响

三级回热压缩循环效率高、结构简单,是一种比再压缩循环更具潜力的超临界二氧化碳循环.间冷过程是一种常用的提高布雷顿循环效率的方法,当应用该方法时,可进一步提高循环效率.本文研究了三级回热压缩循环与间冷过程耦合时的特性,计算发现,当间冷压力偏离最优值时,循环效率会有明显下降,甚至低于同参数无间冷循环的效率.而在最优间冷压力...     

联合循环、STIG循环、HAT循环及其相关循环的热力性能比较

1引言本文分析并比较了燃气一蒸汽联合循环（CC）（图川山、注蒸汽燃气轮机（STIG）循环z图2）l’］、湿空气透平（HAT）循环（图3）［’1及采用中冷或再热手段后相应循环的性能．为了不使系统过于复杂，只采用一级中冷、一级再热，中冷器和再燃室的位置与通常的设计相同。中冷器所用冷却水来自环境，吸收热量后又回到环境。选用余热锅炉型CC，HAT循环选用文献［3］提供的结构。2计算结果及分析计算条件：（a）环境温度20”C，压力0．101325MPa，湿度sg／bgDA；（b）压气机绝热效率0．88，燃气透平相对内效率0．9，蒸汽透平相对内效…     

铁磁回热Ericsson制冷循环性能特性优化

应用Langevin函数的近似解、最优控制论及热力学分析方法对以铁磁材料为工质的回热Ericsson制冷循环性能参数进行优化分析,揭示有限速率热传导、不平衡回热、回热器效率及热源间热漏等多种不可逆因素对制冷循环性能的影响,所得结论可为室温磁制冷机的优化设计提供理论参考.     

两级中冷回热再热布雷顿热电联产装置的性能

应用有限时间热力学理论和方法建立了恒温热源不可逆两级中冷回热再热布雷顿热电联产装置模型,基于分析的观点,导出了装置无量纲输出率和效率的解析式。在给定总压比的情形下,通过数值计算分别研究了输出率和效率与两个中冷压比和两个再热压比的关系,当总压比变化时,发现输出率和效率对总压比存在最大值,并分别求出了两个相应的最佳的中冷压比和再热压比。分析了回热度、中冷度、再热度、压气机和涡轮机效率、压降损失等特征参数对装置性能的影响。最后发现分别存在最佳的用户侧温度使输出率和效率取得双重最大值。     

以广义Redlich-Kwong气体为工质的不可逆回热式斯特林热机循环输出功率和效率

研究了热阻、回热损失和热漏等多种不可逆因素对以广义Redlich-Kwong气体为工质的斯特林热机性能的影响,给出了斯特林热机输出功率和效率的具体表达式并分析非理想回热特性及循环主要性能参数(如循环体积比及工质高低温比等)对循环输出功率和效率的影响.同时指出,只有在理想回热及无热漏的情况下,气体斯特林热机的效率才能达到卡诺效率.     

燃气轮机中间回热循环性能分析

本文质疑文献[1提出的中间回热循环技术,通过基本分析,揭示其特殊规律。且通过与常规回热比较,从透平初温、最佳循环压比、回热器参数等方面分析了关键参数对循环性能的影响。结果表明:与文献[1]不同,相对于简单循环和中间回热,常规回热具有更高的效率、更低的最佳压比。本文并指出文献[1]得出不合适分析结果之故。此外由计算结果得知,高、低压缸透平压比分配的优化可有效地提高中间回热循环性能。     

不可逆双谐振通道电子热机生态学性能优化

建立了考虑电子源间热漏的不可逆双谐振通道能量选择性电子热机模型,联合统计力学和有限时间热力学理论,导出了系统的功率、效率、熵产率、生态学函数等主要性能参数的表达式。由数值计算对系统的生态学性能进行了分析和优化,得到了功率、效率、生态学函数等特性参数的最优区间和相互关系;获得了热漏、中心能量位置等设计参数对系统最优性能的影响特点。所得结果对多层固态热离子装置等实际电子机系统的设计和运行具有理论指导意义。     

基于甲醇化学链燃烧的新型燃气轮机间冷循环

本文提出一种新颖的甲醇化学链燃烧动力循环系统.该系统利用空气压缩的间冷热提供甲醇和Fe2O3反应热,将间冷的低温热转换为高品位化学能;同时得到预冷的空气吸收燃烧产物Fe2O3的显热,降低了还原反应的温度.与常规化学链循环相比,该循环利用间冷的热量代替高温Fe2O3的显热提供还原反应的反应热,系统内能量品位匹配更加合理.根据图像(火用)分析方法,阐明了甲醇化学链燃烧过程(火用)损失减少和间冷热品位提升的机理.本文对新循环进行了分析,并以常规化学链循环为参照,研究了其性能.新循环的效率较高,同时可以实现CO2无能耗的分离.     

双级压缩跨临界CO_2热泵中间冷却型式优化

双级压缩跨临界CO_2热泵适合于低温地板辐射采暖.以北京市某建筑为对象,进行了双级压缩跨临界CO_2热泵中间冷却型式的优化分析.结果表明:与单级压缩循环相比,双级压缩循环提高了系统供热的性能系数(COP),并且双级压缩循环中间完全冷却的COP高于中间不完全冷却型式.同时在保持最佳中间冷却压力下,双级压缩中间不完全冷却型式的COP随着高压级压缩机入口CO_2蒸气过热度的增加而逐渐减小.因此在实际系统设计中,双级压缩跨临界CO_2采暖热泵宜采用中间完全冷却型式.     

Four-Objective Optimizations for an Improved Irreversible Closed Modified Simple Brayton Cycle

An improved irreversible closed modified simple Brayton cycle model with one isothermal heating process is established in this paper by using finite time thermodynamics. The heat reservoirs are variable-temperature ones. The irreversible losses in the compressor, turbine, and heat exchangers are considered. Firstly, the cycle performance is optimized by taking four performance indicators, including the dimensionless power output, thermal efficiency, dimensionless power density, and dimensionless ecological function, as the optimization objectives. The impacts of the irreversible losses on the optimization results are analyzed. The results indicate that four objective functions increase as the compressor and turbine efficiencies increase. The influences of the latter efficiency on the cycle performances are more significant than those of the former efficiency. Then, the NSGA-II algorithm is applied for multi-objective optimization, and three different decision methods are used to select the optimal solution from the Pareto frontier. The results show that the dimensionless power density and dimensionless ecological function compromise dimensionless power output and thermal efficiency. The corresponding deviation index of the Shannon Entropy method is equal to the corresponding deviation index of the maximum ecological function.     

工质变比热条件下内燃机循环普适特性

用有限时间热力学的方法分析空气标准不可逆内燃机循环,导出了考虑工质变比热情况下,存在摩擦及传热损失时,由两个加热过程、两个放热过程和两个绝热过程组成的普适的空气标准不可逆内燃机循环的功率与压缩比、效率与压缩比以及功率和效率的最佳特性关系,同时由数值计算分析了工质变比热和循环过程对循环性能的影响特点,比较了工质恒、变比热时循环性能差异。所得结果包含了不可逆往复式Diesel、Otto、Brayton、Atkinson、Dual和Miller 循环的性能特性。     

Performance Analysis and Four-Objective Optimization of an Irreversible Rectangular Cycle

Based on the established model of the irreversible rectangular cycle in the previous literature, in this paper, finite time thermodynamics theory is applied to analyze the performance characteristics of an irreversible rectangular cycle by firstly taking power density and effective power as the objective functions. Then, four performance indicators of the cycle, that is, the thermal efficiency, dimensionless power output, dimensionless effective power, and dimensionless power density, are optimized with the cycle expansion ratio as the optimization variable by applying the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and considering four-objective, three-objective, and two-objective optimization combinations. Finally, optimal results are selected through three decision-making methods. The results show that although the efficiency of the irreversible rectangular cycle under the maximum power density point is less than that at the maximum power output point, the cycle under the maximum power density point can acquire a smaller size parameter. The efficiency at the maximum effective power point is always larger than that at the maximum power output point. When multi-objective optimization is performed on dimensionless power output, dimensionless effective power, and dimensionless power density, the deviation index obtained from the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) decision-making method is the smallest value, which means the result is the best.     

Performance Analysis and Optimization for Irreversible Combined Carnot Heat Engine Working with Ideal Quantum Gases

An irreversible combined Carnot cycle model using ideal quantum gases as a working medium was studied by using finite-time thermodynamics. The combined cycle consisted of two Carnot sub-cycles in a cascade mode. Considering thermal resistance, internal irreversibility, and heat leakage losses, the power output and thermal efficiency of the irreversible combined Carnot cycle were derived by utilizing the quantum gas state equation. The temperature effect of the working medium on power output and thermal efficiency is analyzed by numerical method, the optimal relationship between power output and thermal efficiency is solved by the Euler-Lagrange equation, and the effects of different working mediums on the optimal power and thermal efficiency performance are also focused. The results show that there is a set of working medium temperatures that makes the power output of the combined cycle be maximum. When there is no heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are parabolic-like ones, and the internal irreversibility makes both power output and efficiency decrease. When there is heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are loop-shaped ones, and the heat leakage loss only affects the thermal efficiency of the combined Carnot cycle. Comparing the power output of combined heat engines with four types of working mediums, the two-stage combined Carnot cycle using ideal Fermi-Bose gas as working medium obtains the highest power output.     

工质变比热对不可逆Otto循环性能的影响

用有限时间热力学的方法分析空气标准Otto循环,由数值计算给出了存在不可逆损失和工质变比热时循环功率与压缩比、效率与压缩比以及功率和效率的特性关系,分析了工质变比热对不可逆Otto循环性能的影响特点,通过分析可知工质变比热特性对不可逆Otto循环性能有较大影响,在实际循环分析中应该予以考虑,本文所得结果对实际内燃机的设计有一定的指导意义。