Effect of Metal Oxides on the Thermal Degradation of High Impact Polystyrene

The kinetic parameters for the thermal degradation of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) in presence of some metal oxides exhibit reaction rate compensation effect. In thermal degradation of HIPS in presence of transition metal oxides different active centers act simultaneously as reaction sites and macroradicals are formed through random chain scission, disproportion or cyclization. Some oxides retard the polymer degradation through crosslinking and cyclization by the interaction of macroradicals with the double bond in butadiene. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氧化物表面单层改性对SnO2超微粒子热稳定性的影响

研究了氧化物在气敏材料二氧化锡超细粉表面的分散行为及分散量的二氧化锡热稳定性的影响,结果表明,氧化铜,氧化镍,氧化铋和氧化锌在二氧化锡表面均能单层分散,分散阈值均与按密置单层模型计算的最大分散容量相符,负载二氧锡的表面覆盖度与其稳定性之间有很好的对应关系,单层覆盖率达到一定程度二氧化锡高温烧结便可基本得到抑制。     

Origin of Surface Reconstruction in Lattice Oxygen Oxidation Mechanism Based-Transition Metal Oxides: A Spontaneous Chemical Process

A fundamental understanding of surface reconstruction process is pivotal to developing highly efficient lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) based electrocatalysts. Traditionally, the surface reconstruction in LOM based metal oxides is believed as an irreversible oxygen redox behavior, due to the much slower rate of OH⁻ refilling than that of oxygen vacancy formation. Here, we found that the surface reconstruction in LOM based metal oxides is a spontaneous chemical reaction process, instead of an electrochemical reaction process. During the chemical process, the lattice oxygen atoms were attacked by adsorbed water molecules, leading to the formation of hydroxide ions (OH⁻). Subsequently, the metal-site soluble atoms leached from the oxygen-deficient surface. This work also suggests that the enhancement of surface hydrophilicity could accelerate the surface reconstruction process. Hence, such a finding could add a new layer for the understanding of surface reconstruction mechanism.     

碱土金属修饰NaY分子筛催化乳酸脱水制丙烯酸:碱性位对催化活性的影响

采用碱土金属(Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)对NaY分子筛进行改性,并采用氮气物理吸附、X射线衍射、氨气及二氧化碳程序升温脱附等技术对样品进行了表征,考察了阳离子物种对NaY结构、表面酸碱分布等的影响,以进一步甄别影响催化剂活性的关键因素.结果表明,阳离子物种所引入的碱性位尤其是中强碱性位控制着丙烯酸的生成,而表面酸性位则影...     

Effect of Ethanedioic Acid Additives on the Dissolution of Manganese Oxides in Sulfuric Acid Solution

The effect of ethanedioic acid additives on the rate of manganese(IV) oxide dissolution in sulfuric acid solutions was studied by kinetic and electrochemical methods. Interaction modes were established, and some details of the studied process mechanism were elucidated. Interaction schemes corresponding to the observed kinetic dependences were proposed.     

Chromatography of Some Metal Ions on Silica Gel Thin Layers in Butanol-Formic Acid Media

Abstract

Chromato graphic behaviour of some metal ions on silica gel thin layers has been studied in butanol—formic acid media. The results have been compared with those obtained in aqueous formic acid medium. Many important and analytically difficult separations have been achieved. Some thin layer chromato graphic parameters for the separation of Vo²⁺ from numerous metal ions using 20.0 M formic acid in butanol have been determined.     

氢终止金刚石表面的形成机理

为考察金刚石形成氢终止表面的反应机制,采用微波氢等离子体处理以及电阻丝氢气气氛加热处理进行对比研究.利用光发射谱(OES)和漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(DRIFTS)分别表征了微波氢等离子体中的活性基团和金刚石表面氢终止浓度.结果表明,微波氢等离子体环境下,随着衬底温度、等离子体密度和能量的增加,温度至700 ℃ (800 W/3 kPa)时,等离子体中出现了明显的CH基团;相应地,金刚石表面氢终止浓度随温度、等离子体密度和能量的增加而增加.采用氢气气氛下电阻丝加热的方法同样形成了氢终止金刚石表面,表明微波等离子体处理金刚石表面形成氢终止主要源于由温度控制的表面化学反应,而非等离子体的物理刻蚀作用.氧终止金刚石表面形成氢终止的机制是表面C=O键在高于500 ℃时分解为CO,相应的悬挂键由氢原子或氢分子占据.     

Periodic Oscillations of Luminescence Intensity at the Formation of Anodic Oxides on Aluminum in Oxalic Acid

The electroluminescence phenomenon observed during the formation of porous anodic oxide films on aluminum in oxalic acid solutions is studied. Periodic changes in the luminescence intensity arise during the transition from the barrier-film formation to the steady-state growth of porous oxide. The period and number of oscillations are determined by the oxidation voltage.     

Pt基催化剂对金属氧化物助催化作用

介绍金属氧化物修饰Pt基催化剂作为直接甲醇燃料电池用阳极催化剂的研究工作,重点阐述了催化剂的结构和组成对反应机理的影响,探讨了存在的主要问题和发展前景.     

纳米钛酸钡生成的热分解机理

钛酸钡作为重要的铁电材料 ,多年来一直被研究者们所关注．传统方法制备钛酸钡大多采用固相法或草酸盐法得到微米级基料．随着纳米材料研究与应用的发展 ,溶胶 凝胶技术成为制备各种金属氧化物纳米材料的较普遍方法．溶胶 凝胶法制备纳米钛酸钡就是其中之一．该法一般采用钛的有机醇盐与钡盐反应生成溶胶 ,然后形成凝胶 ,再以凝胶为先体进行热处理制得纳米钛酸钡．虽然已有人对溶胶 凝胶技术制备纳米钛酸钡进行了研究 ,并对所得产物进行了表征［１,２］,但尚无人对该方法中凝胶的热分解过程作详细的研究．因凝胶的热分解过程对钛酸钡纳…     

Formation of Nanostructures on the Nickel Metal Surface in Ionic Liquid under Anodizing

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The formation of nanostructures in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide on the surface of a nickel electrode during anodizing was...     

Radiotracer Study of the Specific Adsorption of Anions on Metal Oxides in Acid Media: An Experimental Approach

The specific adsorption of anions (HSO(4)(-), H(2)PO(4)(-), and Cl(-)) was studied at Fe(2)O(3), ZnO, and CuO surfaces by the radiotracer technique in strongly acidic medium (1 M HClO(4)). A significant specific adsorption of HSO(4)(-) and H(2)PO(4)(-) ions was found in all cases studied while no measurable adsorption of Cl(-) ions was observed. In the cases of ZnO and CuO, the specific adsorption takes place over the course of continuous dissolution of the oxide. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

The Mechanism of Low-Temperature Ammonia Oxidation on Metal Oxides According to the Data of Spectrokinetic Measurements

Low temperature ammonia oxidation on MoO₃, Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, and ZnO is studied by the spectrokinetic method. It is shown that the following adsorbed species are intermediates in this reaction: NH₃ and N₂O on Fe₂O₃ and ZnO; NH₃, N₂O, and NO on Cr₂O₃. All of the detected intermediates are used to construct the mechanism of the process. In the framework of the proposed mechanism, stationary and nonstationary spectral and kinetic data are quantitatively processed. The dependence of the rate constants of the same steps on different oxides on their physicochemical properties is discussed.     

Analysis of the Thermal Decomposition Path of SF6 on the Surface of Cu and its Oxides

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - Accurately grasping the decomposition path of SF6 on the surface of typical metals and metal oxides is the key to reveal the decomposition mechanism of...     

Interaction Between Surface Active Solutes and Surfaces of Metal Oxides in Polar Organic Solvents

Ionic surfactants are efficient as charge-controlling agents in very polar and in completely non-polar solvents. On the other hand in polar organic solvents of dielectric constants of about 25, the effect of ionic surfactants on the ζ potential is often insignificant. Weak acids can be used to control the ζ potential of TiO₂ in solvents, in which ionic surfactants are not efficient. Phosphoric acid alone and combined with bases is useful as charge-controlling agent in aliphatic alcohols and in DMSO.     

赖氨酸在甘草次酸弹性囊泡形成过程中的作用机制

制备和评价含赖氨酸的甘草次酸弹性囊泡, 并考察赖氨酸在囊泡形成过程中的作用机制. 在水合介质中加入赖氨酸, 利用薄膜-高压均质法制备甘草次酸弹性囊泡. 并合成了甘草次酸赖氨酸盐及其弹性囊泡作为对比制剂. 通过对粒径、zeta电位、包封率、相转变温度、变形性和体外经皮渗透性的测试, 考察赖氨酸在甘草次酸弹性囊泡中的存在形式及作用. 结果显示加入赖氨酸后, 甘草次酸弹性囊泡的粒径略有降低, 膜相转变温度降低, 包封率和囊泡变形性显著提高, 载药量提高近30倍(1.5 mg·mL-1), 并显著高于其赖氨酸盐所形成囊泡的载药量和弹性. 此外, 赖氨酸的加入使弹性囊泡的变形能力增加, 8 h累积透过量和皮肤驻留量分别提高4.3倍和9.2倍. 表明赖氨酸与甘草次酸形成离子缔合物, 促进甘草次酸参与膜的形成, 使膜的流动性增加, 赖氨酸与弹性囊泡对提高囊泡载药量起协同作用.     

Correlating the Surface Basicity of Metal Oxides with Photocatalytic Hydroxylation of Boronic Acids to Alcohols

Photoredox catalysis provides opportunities in harnessing clean and green resources such as sunlight and O₂, while the acid and base surface sites of metal oxides are critical for industrial catalysis such as oil cracking. The contribution of metal oxide surfaces towards photocatalytic aerobic reactions was elucidated, as demonstrated through the hydroxylation of boronic acids to alcohols. The strength and proximity of the surface base sites appeared to be two key factors in driving the reaction; basic and amphoteric oxides such as MgO, TiO₂, ZnO, and Al₂O₃ enabled high alcohol yields, while acidic oxides such as SiO₂ and B₂O₃ gave only low yields. The reaction is tunable to different irradiation sources by merely selecting photosensitizers of compatible excitation wavelengths. Such surface complexation mechanisms between reactants and earth abundant materials can be effectively utilized to achieve a wider range of photoredox reactions.     

金属锂二次电池锂负极改性

本文综述了金属锂二次电池中提高锂负极性能的研究进展。分别介绍了以下改性方法:对金属锂表面进行预处理,使其表面预先形成性能良好的固体电解质界面膜,或直接在其表面制备保护膜;在电解液中加入添加剂对锂电极进行表面改性;采用新型有机溶剂、离子液体、聚合物电解质、玻璃态固体电解质、塑晶固体电解质等电解质体系提高界面相容性;改进金属锂电极的制备工艺,如制备金属锂粉末多孔电极和电沉积锂电极、制备全固态薄膜锂电池以及利用物理方法处理锂电极。并在此基础上对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

亚氨基二琥珀酸对金属离子的稳定作用

EDTA;H2O2;漂白;亚氨基二琥珀酸对金属离子的稳定作用     

稀土氧化物对焊条熔敷金属抗高温硫化腐蚀机制的研究

通过在焊条药皮中分别添加稀土氧化物La2O3及CeO2，研究其对焊条熔敷金属在含硫气氛中腐蚀性能的影响。并在此基础上，进一步分析了稀土氧化物对焊缝金属抗高温硫化腐蚀的作用机制，结果表明：稀土氧化物在焊条药皮中的加入使熔敷金属抗高温硫化腐蚀性能有显著提高，添加La2O3的焊条熔敷金属比添加CeO2的焊条熔敷金属具有更好的抗高温硫化腐蚀性能。提高焊缝金属抗高温硫化腐蚀性能的机制，与稀土元素在焊缝组织中的分布、减少内硫化的加速腐蚀过程相关。