RuNi双活性组分负载型TiO2催化CO2甲烷化反应研究

将液体吸附原位红外表征系统与红外光谱仪连接,是实现原位红外反应过程的重要技术环节. 原位红外表征过程中涉及的吸附液存储于液体吸附原位红外表征系统内,对一些沸点较高的液体可以通过加热套控温操作完成吸附,并在被测物质吸附反应过程中监测其结构变化. 系统可设置多个液体吸附池,实现在同一试验过程中进行多种液体切换吸附,满足被测物质吸附不同液体蒸汽的需求,还可以使被测物质吸附液体蒸汽,对固体表面进行惰性气体前处理或氢气还原处理. 最终通过原位红外监测出反应产物,实现液体吸附原位红外表征.     

TiO2负载的高分散Cd团簇催化剂高效催化CO2加氢制甲醇

近年来,利用可再生能源分解水制氢进而开展二氧化碳资源化利用的研究引起了学术界和工业界的极大兴趣.科学层面上它暗合了自然光合作用的理念;应用层面上它把二氧化碳变废为宝,既可以得到人类必需的含碳化学品,又可以实现碳中和.甲醇被认为是二氧化碳资源化的最佳选择,可在动力、交通、化工等领域替代煤炭等传统化石能源,也是良好的载氢分...     

Preparation of uniform rhodamine B-doped SiO2/TiO2 composite microspheres

Uniform rhodamine B (RB)-doped SiO₂/TiO₂ composite microspheres with catalytic and fluorescent properties were prepared by an easy and economical method in this paper. The composite microspheres were built up with well-dispersed silica particles as the cores, RB as both the doped agent and stabilizer, and the TiO₂ shells were obtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl₄ in water bath. The morphology and structure of the particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The characterization results indicate that composite particles are all in spherical shape and have a narrow size distribution. The composite particles calcined above 500 °C reveal clear crystalline reflection peaks of the rutile TiO₂ which exhibits well catalytic property. The photocatalytic experiment was carried out in order to examine the catalytic property of composite microspheres. The fluorescent property of particles was also investigated. Dye-leakage test indicates that RB molecules entrapped in the composite particles by this method are stable inside the particles.     

大尺寸TiO2/SiO2大孔材料的制备及光降解性能

先以三维骨架聚合物为整体型模板,利用硅酸酯原位溶胶-凝胶过程并结合高温烧结的方法制备出大尺寸大孔径的SiO2载体,然后通过钛酸丁酯溶液浸渍、原位水解、煅烧制备出大尺寸的TiO2/SiO2大孔材料并用SEM、TEM、FTIR、XRD和XPS对其表征,结果表明SiO2载体具有三维连续的超薄层,TiO2以纳米薄层方式均匀地沉积在SiO2的三维超薄层上,形成TiO2/SiO2/TiO2三层夹心结构,层与层界面存在Si-O-Ti键,同时复合结构提高了TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变温度.以甲基橙为目标降解物考察不同条件下制备的复合材料的光催化活性,采用复合材料吸入甲基橙溶液的方式,并借助甲醇萃取手段研究光降解动力学过程.结果表明,该复合材料具有较好的光降解催化活性,当焙烧温度为600℃和TiO2的负载量为54.5wt%时,其活性最大且降解速率常数达到1.78 h-1.     

静电自组装制备纳米TiO2/SiO2光催化材料

采用静电自组装方法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2光催化材料。采用巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂对SiO2进行干法改性,采用双氧水/冰醋酸将偶联剂巯基基团氧化为磺酸基基团。在正负电荷的吸引下,带负电荷的SiO2与带正电荷的钛聚合阳离子自发地组装在一起,经一定温度热处理得到纳米TiO2/SiO2光催化材料。采用XRD、FTIR、PL、UV-Vis DRS、SEM和ICP等对材料进行了分析和表征。采用甲基橙溶液评价材料的光催化性能。结果表明:SiO2促使锐钛矿的形成,抑制锐钛矿向金红石的转变,减小TiO2的晶粒尺寸,使得TiO2光吸收波长发生蓝移。TiO2与SiO2通过Si-O-Ti键发生结合。采用静电自组装方法制备的材料中TiO2的含量高于传统方法,导致材料的光催化性能有所提高。     

Preparation and characterization of SiO2/TiO2 composite microspheres with microporous SiO2 core/mesoporous TiO2 shell

SiO₂/TiO₂ composite microspheres with microporous SiO₂ core/mesoporous TiO₂ shell structures were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetrabutylorthotitanate (TTBT) in the presence of microporous silica microspheres using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as a surface esterification agent and porous template, and then dried and calcined at different temperatures. The as-prepared products were characterized with differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric (DTA/TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption. The results showed that composite particles were about 1.8 μm in diameter, and had a spherical morphology and a narrow size distribution. Uniform mesoporous titania coatings on the surfaces of microporous silica microspheres could be obtained by adjusting the HPC concentration to an optimal concentration of about 3.2 mmol L⁻¹. The anatase and rutile phase in the SiO₂/TiO₂ composite microspheres began to form at 700 and 900 °C, respectively. At 700 °C, the specific surface area and pore volume of the SiO₂/TiO₂ composite microspheres were 552 and 0.652 mL g⁻¹, respectively. However, at 900 °C, the specific surface area and pore volume significantly decreased due to the phase transformation from anatase to rutile.     

Preparation, characterization, and infrared emissivity property of optically active polyurethane/TiO2/SiO2 multilayered microspheres

Optically active polyurethane/titania/silica (LPU/TiO₂/SiO₂) multilayered core–shell composite microspheres were prepared by the combination of titania deposition on the surface of silica spheres and subsequent polymer grafting. LPU/TiO₂/SiO₂ was characterized by FT-IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), SEM and TEM, and the infrared emissivity value (8–14 μm) was investigated in addition. The results indicated that titania and polyurethane had been successfully coated onto the surfaces of silica microspheres. LPU/TiO₂/SiO₂ exhibited clearly multilayered core–shell construction. The infrared emissivity values reduced along with the increase of covering layers thus proved that the interfacial interactions had direct influence on the infrared emissivity. Besides, LPU/TiO₂/SiO₂ multilayered microspheres based on the optically active polyurethane took advantages of the orderly secondary structure and strengthened interfacial synergistic actions. Consequently, it possessed the lowest infrared emissivity value.     

SiO2改性的V2O5-MoO3/ TiO2催化剂抗碱中毒性能研究

以陶瓷为骨架,用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V₂O₅-MoO₃/ TiO₂催化剂,并用SiO₂进行改性。采用浸渍法模拟碱K中毒,研究了SiO₂改性前后催化剂中毒脱硝效率的变化,并通过BET、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,加入SiO₂后,催化剂的比表面积明显提高。SiO₂改性后新鲜催化剂还原温度向低温方向迁移10 ℃左右,氧化还原能力得到了提高,其表面酸强度和酸量也得到较大的提高。反应评价结果表明,SiO₂改性可以提高催化剂抗碱中毒的性能。     

Acidic properties of TiO2?SiO2 catalysts

The acidic properties of a series of TiO₂–SiO₂ catalysts with different Ti/Si mole ratios have been studied. In order to determine the amount of acid centers and the acid strength distribution, the Benesi method of discontinuous titration has been used. Thermogravimetric measurements were also carried out.

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TiO₂–SiO₂ Ti/Si. , - . .

     

SiO2负载氮掺杂TiO2可见光响应光催化剂的制备及性能

以四氯化钛为钛源,尿素为氮源,采用液相水解-沉淀法制得SiO2负载N掺杂TiO2可见光响应TiO2-xNy/SiO2光催化剂(TSN)。以苯酚为模型物,考察了TSN在可见光区、紫外光区及太阳光下的光催化活性,以及催化剂的使用寿命、分离性能。采用XPS、FTIR、UV-Vis DRS、XRD、TEM和低温氮物理吸附等对催化剂的结构进行表征。结果表明,N以阴离子形式进入TiO2体相并置换晶格中的O,适量N掺杂的TSN在紫外光区、可见光区及太阳光下均表现出较高的活性。SiO2与TiO2界面间有Ti-O-Si键形成,结合牢固。N掺杂在TiO2表面生成Ti-O-N键,形成新的能级结构,使催化剂的吸收红移至450~500 nm,诱发TiO2可见光催化活性。SiO2负载可减小TiO2颗粒平均尺寸,增加催化剂比表面积;同时SiO2负载还可改善催化剂的分离性能,提高催化剂使用寿命。     

Acetylene hydrogenation on SiO2 supported gold nanoparticles

Acetylene hydrogenation has been investigated on 1.8 wt.% Au(I)/SiO₂ and 1.9wt.% Au(II)/SiO₂ catalysts prepared by fixation of Au sol to SiO₂ (Aerosil 200). The mean particle size measured by TEM is 3.7 and 6.1 nm, respectively. For the sake of comparison a 2.1 wt.% Au/TiO₂ sample was prepared by deposition-precipitation (DP) technique (mean particle size of Au is 3.3 nm). Transformation of acetylene was measured at 5 K/min ramp rate with gas mixtures containing the reactants at H₂/C₂H₂=2 and 70 ratios. The C₂H₂ content of the gas mixture was 0.11% (0.11 kPa C₂H₂). The activity sequence at 423 K was: Au/TiO₂>Au(I)/SiO₂≫Au(II)/SiO₂. Both the partial pressure of hydrogen and the temperature significantly affect the activity (acetylene conversion) and ethylene selectivity. Above 500–550 K over-hydrogenation (ethane formation) and hydrogenolysis (methane formation) decrease the ethylene selectivity. Faster deactivation and larger amount of deposit was observed on Au/TiO₂ than on Au(I)/SiO₂. A reaction scheme is proposed suggesting formation of sigma bonded intermediates as sp carbon hybridises to sp² and sp³.     

The release of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles from nanocomposites

There is a growing interest in the development of nanocomposites consisting of organic polymers and TiO₂ or amorphous SiO₂ nanoparticles. These nanoparticles may be released from nanocomposites. There is evidence that amorphous SiO₂ and TiO₂ nanoparticles can be hazardous. Thus, in the design of nanocomposites with such nanoparticles, hazard reduction extending to the full nanocomposite life cycle would seem a matter to consider. Options for hazard reduction include: changes of nanoparticle surface, structure or composition, better fixation of nanoparticles in nanocomposites, including persistent suppression of oxidative damage to polymers by nanoparticles, and design changes leading to the release of relatively large particles.     

Acid-base and redox properties of the TiO2/SiO2 surface

Acid-base and redox properties of TiO₂/SiO₂ surface go through a minimum as a function of temperature. Practical applications of this phenomenon are discussed.     

Liquid phase hydrogenation of citral and intermediaries over Ir/TiO2/SiO2 catalysts: Kinetic study

Kinetics of the hydrogenation of citral and its intermediates over Ir/TiO₂/SiO₂ catalysts has been studied. The effect of various parameters such as the initial concentration, H₂ pressure partial, temperature and weight of catalyst were examined. A high selectivity towards unsaturated alcohols using this catalyst was demonstrated. The initial rates increased linearly with the catalyst weight. The reaction rate obeys a kinetics represented by the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. A single site model suggesting the surface reaction as the rate determining step provided the best fit of the experimental data for the hydrogenation of citral and alcohols (geraniol, nerol and citronellol), while a dual site represent the best kinetics for the hydrogenation of citronellal.     

磁载光催化剂TiO2/SiO2/Ni0.5Fe2.5O4的制备及其催化氧化性能

采用固相反应法制备磁载体(SiO₂/Ni_0.5Fe_2.5O₄),溶胶-凝胶法得到易于磁分离回收的磁载光催化剂TiO₂/SiO₂/Ni_0.5Fe_2.5O₄。用XRD、SEM、IR和UV-Vis等进行表征。研究了太阳光下催化剂对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色性能。结果表明,在太阳光下,磁载光催化剂TiO₂/SiO₂/Ni_0.5Fe_2.5O₄可使亚甲基蓝溶液迅速脱色；3次循环使用后脱色率仍为95%以上,回收率为98.8%。     

Co-Mo/SiO2-Al2O3润滑油加氢处理催化剂的制备

以Pluronic P₁₂₃作结构导向剂,采用Al （NO₃）₃-NaAlO₂双水解法合成氧化铝,在成胶过程中加入正硅酸乙酯,制备硅质量分数分别为5%、10%、15%的SiO₂-Al₂O₃载体,并通过共浸渍法制备出Co-Mo/SiO₂-Al₂O₃润滑油加氢处理催化剂。通过XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、Py-FTIR、NH₃-TPD、H₂-TPR、TEM和XRF等手段对载体及催化剂的性质进行表征。结果表明,硅质量分数为10%的SiO₂-Al₂O₃具有优良的孔结构、较多的中强酸以及部分有序的介孔结构。以此为载体制备的Co-Mo/10% SiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂中,MoS₂颗粒均匀地分散在载体上,具有更多的B酸性位和Ⅱ型CoMoS活性相。以减二线蜡油为原料油的固定床活性评价结果表明,生成油中主要组分为链烷烃与环烷烃;尤其Co-Mo/10% SiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂具有优良的加氢性能,在15 MPa、380℃、氢油比为1000、空速为0.6 h^-1的反应条件下,其HDS和HDN数值均超过99%,产品中S含量小于10 μg/g,N含量小于2 μg/g,可以满足后续异构脱蜡等对原料的要求。     

表面键联型TiO2/SiO2固定化催化剂的结构及催化性能

采用浸渍法制备了表面键联型TiO     

Dispersity and reducibility of the molybdenum oxide phase in SiO2, SiO2?Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 supported molybdena catalysts

XRD, isothermal and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) experiments were carried out with SiO₂, SiO₂–Al₂O₃ and -Al₂O₃ supported catalysts. Molybdena is in a more disperse state on supports containing more alumina and it is more reducible on SiO₂–Al₂O₃ than on SiO₂ or -Al₂O₃. TPR curves were shown to reflect connections between reduction kinetics and dispersity.

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-, , SiO₂, SiO₂–Al₂O₃ -Al₂O₃. , , SiO₂–Al₂O₃ SiO₂ -Al₂O₃. .

     

Mechanism of methane photooxidation on V/SiO2 catalyst

CH₄ photooxidation on V/SiO₂ catalyst in the presence of gaseous oxygen has been studied by the mass-spectometric method. It has been established that CO₂ forms due to the interaction of CH₄ with surface oxygen anions bonded to vanadium ions. Photodecomposition of V⁴⁺O ₂ ^– species formed in O₂ adsorption on reduced vanadium ions leads to the reoxidation of the latter.

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- CH₄ V/SiO₂ . , CO₂ CH₄ , . V⁴⁺O ₂ ^– O₂ , .

     

Influence of sodium on the phase composition of bismuth-molybdenum oxide catalysts supported on SiO2

Using an x-ray phase analysis, it has been shown that the application of sodiumstabilized sols to the Bi₂O₃·2.75MoO₃/SiO₂ system leads to the interaction of molybdenum and bismuth oxides with sodium, and the formation of a double Na–Bi-molybdate.

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, Bi₂O₃·2.75 MoO₃/SiO₂ , , Na–Bi-.