Influence of stack geometry and resonator length on the performance of thermoacoustic engine

Thermoacoustic engines convert heat energy into high amplitude sound waves, which is used to drive thermoacoustic refrigerator or pulse tube cryocoolers by replacing the mechanical pistons such as compressors. The increasing interest in thermoacoustic technology is of its potentiality of no exotic materials, low cost and high reliability compared to vapor compression refrigeration systems. The experimental setup has been built based on the linear thermoacoustic model and some simple design parameters. The engines produce acoustic energy at the temperature difference of 325–450 K imposed along the stack of the system. This work illustrates the influence of stack parameters such as plate thickness (PT) and plate spacing (PS) with resonator length on the performance of thermoacoustic engine, which are measured in terms of onset temperature difference, resonance frequency and pressure amplitude using air as a working fluid. The results obtained from the experiments are in good agreement with the theoretical results from DeltaEc.     

Influence of resonator shape on nonlinear acoustic field in a thermoacoustic engine

The influence of the resonator shape on nonlinear acoustic field in a thermoacoustic engine is studied.The resonator of themoacoustic engine is boundary driving by a piston at one end,and the other end of it is rigid closed.A one-dimensional wave equation that accounts for gas dynamic nonlinearities and viscous dissipation in the resonator is established based on the governing equations of viscous hydromechanics.The nonlinear wave equation is solved using approximate Galerkin method.The nonlinear acoustic field in four different types of shaped resonators including hyperbolical,exponential,conical and sinusoidal are obtained and compared with that of a cylindrical resonator.It is found that the amplitude and waveform of the pressure are strongly affected by the resonator shape,the driving amplitude and the oscillation frequency of the piston.Waveform distortion,resonance frequency shift and hysteresis are observed,when the piston oscillation amplitude is large enough.The advantages of shaped resonator for thermoacoustic engine lie in inhibition of higher order harmonics and improvement of pressure ratio,etc.     

谐振管形状对热声发动机内非线性声场的影响

研究了谐振管一端受活塞声源激励,另一端刚性封闭条件下,管道形状对热声发动机谐振管内部非线性声场的影响。基于流体力学基本方程建立了渐变截面谐振管内一维非线性声场的模型,考虑了黏性耗散及非线性效应的影响。利用伽辽金法数值求解了该模型的速度势方程,分析了谐振管形状、活塞振动速度及激励频率对管内声场的影响。将双曲形、指数形、锥形、正弦形等四种变截面谐振管内的非线性声场与圆柱形直管的情况进行了比较。结果反映了谐振管内声场的压力波动受活塞振动速度及谐振管形状的影响;显示了当活塞振动幅度较大时,谐振管内出现的波形畸变、频率曲线偏移、共振频率滞后等非线性现象;揭示了变截面谐振管在抑制管内的高阶谐波及提高压比等方面的优越性。     

热声发动机起振行为实验研究

研究了热声发动机起振过程,对Benavides构建的动力学模型的计算方法进行了优化,计算了控制压力、回热器参数和系统频率对热声发动机起振温度的影响。并进行了实验,计算结果与实验结果一致,证明了优化效果。     

容腔调相的单级行波热声发动机起振特性

将容腔结构引入单级环路行波热声发动机系统中进行相位调节,分析了不同容腔位置、容腔内径和容腔长度时系统的起振特性。基于线性热声理论,采用网格传输矩阵数值方法求解系统的起振频率和起振温差;此外,将计算结果与实验结果进行了对比,验证了计算方法的合理性。结果表明:容腔结构可以明显改善系统的起振特性,系统起振温差大幅下降;不同容腔位置处,热机起振特性差异明显;存在最优的容腔内径和容腔长度组合,使得起振温差最低,而容腔尺寸对热机起振频率的影响较小。     

79.7 K驻波型热声驱动脉管制冷机

根据声学原理,把一根大约四分之一波长长度的管子接到一台驻波型热声发动机和一个脉管制冷机之间,能把制冷机入口的压比和压力振幅放大,使脉管制冷机的最低制冷温度降到79.7 K。     

热声谐振管的实验研究

本文主要介绍作者热声谐振管研制方面的工作，作者成功地研制了热声谐振实验装置系统。     

黎开管非线热声效应的研究

基于能量守恒原理对Rijke管热声效应展开了理论分析,采用内外流场耦合法数值模拟了Rijke管自激励起振和饱和过程的声场特性,并开展了相应的实验研究.推导了Rijke管起振、饱和及高次谐波产生过程中的能量变化,分析了Rijke管非线性效应包括高次谐波和波形畸变的影响因素,提出了改变管口声阻抗可弱化非线性效应的方法.结果...     

基于DeltaE的驻波型热声发动机设计方法

在消化和吸收目前普遍接受的热声系统计算软件DeltaE(Design Environment for Low Amplitude Thermoacoustic Engines)的基础上,发展了驻波型热声发动机的结构设计方法;提出引入双参数评估法对发动机性能进行评估,以获取较高的热声转化效率。     

Design and experiment on a mini cascade thermoacoustic engine

A miniature cascade thermoacoustic engine had been designed and tested, which length was about 1m, operating at 500 Hz. Pilot study and experimental results shown a rather good agreement between measured and calculated pressure fields and temperatures distributions in the thermoaoustic engine. The peak-to-peak value of the acoustic pressure was 0.02 MPa at the 1.8 MPa charged pressure of helium. Some efforts had been made to extend the traveling-wave region based on the analysis of the acoustic impedance.     

Experimental study of the influence of different resonators on thermoacoustic conversion performance of a thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine

In this paper, an experimental study of the effect of the resonator shape on the performance of a traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine is presented. Two different resonators were tested in the thermoacoustic-Stirling heat. One resonator is an iso-diameter one, and the other is a tapered one. To have a reasonable comparison reference, we keep the same traveling-wave loop, the same resonant frequency and the same operating pressure. The experiment showed that the resonator shape has significant influence on the global performance of the thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine. The tapered resonator gives much better performance than the iso-diameter resonator. The tapered resonator system achieved a maximum pressure ratio of about 1.3, a maximum net acoustical power output of about 450 W and a highest thermoacoustic efficiency of about 25%.     

高频热声驻波发动机性能的实验研究

热声驻波发动机由于内禀的不可逆性而热效率较低,但其系统结构简单和可靠性高的优点使其仍具有一定的应用前景。目前,对高频驻波系统研究较少,搭建了一台高频热声驻波发动机,研究了板叠和谐振管对系统的重要作用,另外,初步探讨了系统热腔内的温度演化过程和稳定振荡时的温度分布特性,这对高频热声驻波发动机实验和数值研究具有指导意义。     

三级行波热声发动机的声场特性

设计并搭建了一台三级行波热声发动机,并基于线性热声理论和实验研究分析了该热声发动机的声场特性。结果表明:理论计算中各级加热功率相同时,发动机声场对称;而实验中加热功率相同时声场存在不一致性,需要输入特定的加热功率来控制三级加热温度基本相同,从而保证三级声场基本对称,此时相邻两级对应位置的压力相位差在120°±10°范围内;随着充气压力和加热温度的升高,系统工作频率略有升高,变化不显著,系统压力振幅和压比则增大明显。以氮气和氦气为工质时,工作频率分别在20 Hz和55 Hz左右;实验中压比分别达到了1.28和1.18。     

热声发动机接入声学放大器的模拟研究

对带声学放大器的驻波型热声发动机进行了数值模拟。得出了系统频率、压比等参数随声学放大器尺寸的变化关系。     

热声热机起振过程中回热器内气体的温度分布

文中研究了驻波型热声发动机回热器内的气体,研究时段为从加热到起振前的过程,对气体在此时段内建立数学模型并加以分析。通过求解该模型,得出了回热器内不同时间和位置点的温度变化,其计算结果与实验数据相吻合。最后对模型简化导致的误差进行了分析修正。     

Influence of inhomogeneities in magnetic crystal on ferromagnetic resonance line shape

The general theory of the preceding paper is applied to a concrete case. The spin wave interaction operator, ^s , is derived by quantizing a phenomenological expression, which expresses the contribution to the energy of the magnetic sample, caused by fluctuations in the anisotropic and exchange interaction. The influence of thermally excited spin waves on the absorption of energy from a high-frequency field and the justification for the application of the general results of the preceding paper are discussed on the basis of the form of the operator ^s . The interaction operator of the magnetic sample with the h-f field is also determined, and it is used to give a definite form to the expression for the resonance curve of the imaginary part of the susceptibility '. Using the matrix elements of the operator ^s we calculate the quantitiy, which formally corresponds to the width of the resonance -curve. The magnitude of is estimated numerically and our results are compared with those obtained by A. M. Clogston et al. and E. Schlömann for the line width in monocrystals and the shape of the resonance curve in polycrystals respectively. The expression obtained on the basis of the theory of the preceding paper for the frequency shift diverges in our case. The way in which to avoid this divergence is indicated.

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The author would like to thank S. Krupika for advice and remarks during the work, J. Duek, V. Syneek, and J. ternberk for valuable discussions and F. Zounová for help in the numerical calculations.     

串级热声发动机的机理分析及数值模拟

简要综述了热声发动机的发展历程,把三种典型的发动机形式作了比较分析,在此基础上,对国际上最近提出的串级型发动机进行了定性讨论,并结合一定的几何结构,运用线性热声理论对该类型热声机进行了数值模拟。     

Rijke管自激热声振荡的数值模拟

为了对热声不稳定的发生及控制机理进行研究,对Rijke管内的自激热声振荡现象进行了数值模拟。采用具有低频散低耗散特点的计算气动声学方法,对带有非线性热源项的声波方程进行数值求解,并比较了不同的热源模型及边界条件对非线性效应的影响。结果表明,计算气动声学方法可以成功捕捉到Rijke管内压力的起振过程,而且在速度扰动达到平均流速度的1/3时,振荡会由线性增长转为非线性增长,最终达到有限幅值极限循环。相比热源项,考虑管口辐射耗散的非线性边界条件在振荡幅值和频谱方面对结果的影响都比较小。数值模拟得到的结果与实验符合较好,表明计算气动声学方法适合于热声振荡问题的研究。     

Rijke管热声振荡的稳定性切换行为研究

采用数值方法模拟了强弱两种阻尼条件下传热迟滞时间对一维Rijke管热声系统稳定性的影响,发现Rijke管系统存在稳定性切换现象.在推导了无量纲形式的管内声波动量方程和能量方程之后,利用Galerkin方法对控制方程进行展开并在时间域内数值求解.分析了强阻尼和弱阻尼条件下,给定热源的Rijke管热声振荡的稳定性与传热迟滞时间的关系.结果显示:在两类阻尼条件下,持续增大传热与速度的迟滞时间,系统均呈现出稳定性切换现象,即系统在稳定和不稳定两个状态间持续转变;但弱阻尼系统的不稳定区域宽于强阻尼系统的不稳定区域,系统最大振幅相对增大,且系统热声振荡的主模态在不同模态之间发生转换.最后,通过求解系统各阶模态极限环幅值随传热迟滞时间的变化,发现Rijke管热声振荡稳定性切换现象与迟滞时间存在近似周期性关系.     

Rijke管自激热声振荡的数值模拟

为了对热声不稳定的发生及控制机理进行研究,对Rijke管内的自激热声振荡现象进行了数值模拟。采用具有低频散低耗散特点的计算气动声学方法,对带有非线性热源项的声波方程进行数值求解,并比较了不同的热源模型及边界条件对非线性效应的影响。结果表明,计算气动声学方法可以成功捕捉到Rijke管内压力的起振过程,而且在速度扰动达到平均流速度的1/3时,振荡会由线性增长转为非线性增长,最终达到有限幅值极限循环。相比热源项,考虑管口辐射耗散的非线性边界条件在振荡幅值和频谱方面对结果的影响都比较小。数值模拟得到的结果与实验符合较好,表明计算气动声学方法适合于热声振荡问题的研究。