双波长抽运拉锥光子晶体光纤产生超连续谱研究

利用1064 nm抽运光在总长度为1 m的光子晶体光纤(PCF)的前半段(77 cm)通过四波混频产生747 nm短波信号光,并对光纤的后半段进行拉锥处理,拉锥光纤具有707 nm和1177 nm两个零色散点(ZDW).利用1064 nm抽运光和产生的747 nm信号光共同在两个零色散点之间的反常色散区抽运拉锥光子晶体...     

超连续谱光纤合束器的数值模拟

设计了一种用于超连续谱合束的光纤合束器,这种合束器通过将多路光子晶体光纤拉锥后对接到一路多模光纤制成。借助有限差分波束传输法对该合束器进行了数值模拟,结果表明拉锥过渡长度和拉锥比例对耦合损耗具有较大影响,当拉锥过渡长度小于拉锥衍射长度时合束器有较大传输损耗,而过渡长度足够大以及拉锥比例较小时,合束器具有较低的耦合损耗以及优良的宽光谱耦合特性。所得出的数值结果为光子晶体光纤拉锥和超连续谱光纤合束器研制提供了一定的参考依据。     

Visible supercontinuum generation in tapered photonic crystal fiber pumped by picosecond pulse at 1064 nm

Short photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with different tapered waist diameter are made to extend the continuum spectrum in the visible range. The diversification of output continuum spectrum with the diameter of the tapered waist is experimentally observed. An all fiber visible supercontinuum source with 1.88 W output is demonstrated in our experiments. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest all fiber visible supercontinuum generation in tapered PCF, pumping by picosecond pulse at 1064 nm. The suitably designed short tapered PCF can extend the visible spectrum, while, how to preserve the tapered waist is crucial for the all fiber visible supercontinuum source in the practical applications.     

基于铜离子沉积石墨烯涂层锥形光子晶体光纤的硫化氢传感器

提出一种基于铜沉积石墨烯涂层光子晶体光纤马赫-曾德干涉的硫化氢气敏传感器.将45mm光子晶体光纤两端与单模光纤进行拉锥熔接,使得光子晶体光纤的空气孔熔接时形成塌陷层,更好地激发包层模式,形成基于马赫-曾德结构的干涉仪.采用单层石墨烯粉体,加入异丙醇分散液,反复浸涂至光子晶体光纤包层表面形成石墨烯涂层,并沉积铜纳米颗粒,使传感器对硫化氢气体具有高的响应度.实验结果表明,在硫化氢气体浓度为0~60ppm范围内,随着被测气体浓度不断增大,其输出光谱呈现明显蓝移,传感器灵敏度为0.042 03nm/ppm,且线性度良好.该传感器成本低、灵敏度高、结构简单,适用于低浓度硫化氢气体的在线监测.     

光子晶体光纤气体传感灵敏度的有限差分法分析

提出了一种适合于高灵敏度气体传感器的新型光子晶体光纤结构.采用全矢量频域有限差分方法,研究了基于不同结构光子晶体光纤的气体传感器的相对灵敏度.由全矢量频域有限差分法,通过直接求解由麦克斯韦方程组导出的标准特征值方程,可以得到光纤中可能存在的不同模式的传播常量、电场分布和磁场分布.分别给出了三种不同结构光子晶体光纤在波长为1.3312 μm处,与结构参量变化对应的相对灵敏度变化以及在不同波长情况下的相对灵敏度变化.结果证明,该新结构具有较其它代表性的折射率引导型光子晶体光纤结构更高的灵敏度,特别适合作气体传感器.     

锥形半导体激光芯片的光刻工艺研究

针对锥形半导体激光器中的脊形波导区宽度较小的问题,对半导体激光芯片制造中的刻蚀标记及刻蚀方法进行了研究。提出对于锥形半导体刻蚀中的脊型区域和锥形区域,采用不同精度的双标记刻蚀方法,细化对脊形波导和锥形波导的刻蚀中的对准问题,并使光刻标在不同的光刻版上相错位排列,在相应光刻版中相互遮挡,反复刻蚀中保证相应的光刻标清晰、完整。刻蚀后的芯片在电流为7 A时获得了中心波长963nm、连续功率4.026 W、慢轴方向和快轴方向激光光束参数乘积分别为1.593 mm·mrad和0.668 mm·mrad的激光输出。     

Optical Coherence Tomography Implemented by Photonic Crystal Fiber

We report a photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, in which conventional single-mode fiber for the transmission line and the fiber coupler for the beam splitter/combiner are replaced with PCF and PCF coupler. The PCF coupler fabricated using the fused biconical tapered (FBT) method showed a nearly flat coupling ratio over a broad spectral bandwidth of 400 nm, which provided an axial resolution of 3-μm for OCT imaging. With a white-light source, the 8-μm thick air gap between two stacked cover glasses was measured, and with a conventional superluminecent diode (SLD) source, the in vitro images of rat eye and Misgurnus mizolepis skin were successfully obtained. The PCF and PCF coupler might enable a white-light as the source for the cost effective and high-resolution OCT system.     

Plasmonically enhanced optical transmission through a metalized nanostructured photonic crystal fiber taper

A subwavelength holey plasmonic structure was proposed by adiabatically tapering a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and subsequently metalizing the cleaved end facet. By coupling a white light into the PCF side, we experimentally observed an enhanced optical transmission in the spectral domain through the plasmonic structure at the tapered end. We further showed numerically that the proposed device renders a focused directional beam, due to its Fresnel-zone-like configuration and the plasmonic lensing effects.     

Measured sensitivity of arc-induced long-period grating sensors in photonic crystal fibre

Reported are experimental results from investigations of the sensing properties of long-period gratings (LPGs) recorded in two different geometries of photonic crystal fibre (PCF): a large-mode area PCF and an endlessly single mode PCF. The LPGs have been characterised for their sensitivity to temperature, bending, surrounding index and strain. The LPGs in both fibres have been found to have negligible temperature sensitivity whilst exhibiting useful strain sensitivities. Strong directional bend sensitivity is shown by one PCF whilst the other shows good non-directional bend sensitivity. The fibres exhibit differing sensitivities to surrounding refractive index.     

新型缓变锥型PCF结构接口耦合损耗特性

提出一种新型的缓变锥型光纤接口器件。该接口器件是一个长度为150mm左右的缓变锥型光子晶体光纤。利用有限元方法对模场直径差别较大的不同光纤进行拼接时的损耗问题进行研究。研究结果表明:在模场直径分别为9μm和10.4μm的光纤之间加入锥型光纤后可以有效降低耦合损耗,并且在不同波长下耦合损耗都维持在一个较低水平。因此,该接口器件能够实现光纤拼接时物理结构的过渡和不同模场直径的转换,从而使拼接损耗降到最低。     

Fabrication and Evaluation of Silica-based Optical Fiber Probes by Chemical Etching Method

A sensor probe with a microstructure, which is used for near-field scanning optical microscopes, plays an important role in the resolution and detection sensitivity of the microscope system. In this study, we devised a system for sharpening optical fibers, by which we could fabricate tapered tips of silica-based optical fibers reproducibly in a desired shape by controlling the solution temperature, etching time, and etching depth when applying chemical etching techniques using hydrofluoric acid. Furthermore, we evaluated the diameter of the core tip of an optical fiber by measuring the near-field pattern and comparing it with the Gaussian beam pattern of a non-edge-etched optical fiber. A strong correlation between the ratio of the 1/e²-value width of the beam profile of the near-field pattern to that of the Gaussian beam and the diameter of the extreme tip of the core became apparent. © 2005 The Optical Society of Japan     

Temperature sensor based on an isopropanol-sealed photonic crystal fiber in-line interferometer with enhanced refractive index sensitivity

We fabricate a simple, compact, and stable temperature sensor based on a liquid-sealed photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in-line nonpolarimetric modal interferometer. Different from other reported PCF devices, it does not need expensive polarimetric devices, and the liquid is sealed in one fiber. The device consists of a stub of isopropanol-filled PCF spliced between standard single-mode fibers. The temperature sensitivity (-166 pm/°C) increases over an order of magnitude compared with those of the previous sensors based on air-sealed PCF interferometers built via fusion splicing with the same mechanism. In addition, the refractive index sensitivity also increases. Higher temperature sensitivity can be realized by infiltrating some liquid having a higher thermo-optic coefficient into the microholes of the PCF.     

Photonic crystal fiber coupler

Fiber couplers made with photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are reported. Two types of PCF were fabricated by means of stacking a group of silica tubes around a silica rod and drawing them. The fiber couplers were made by use of the fused biconical tapered method. With a fiber that had five hexagonally stacked layers of air holes, a 33/67 coupling ratio was obtained, and with a one-layer four-hole fiber, a 48/52 coupling ratio was obtained. The fabrication processes and the characteristics of the PCFs and the PCF couplers are presented.     

用光子晶体光纤光栅实现温度、应力和气体浓度的同时传感

为了解决传统光纤传感在传感不同物理参量时需要多个传感器的问题,并拓展光纤在同时传感多参量方面的应用,结合光子晶体光纤（PCF）中基模与高阶模光的不同传感特性以及气体吸收传感原理,在PCF传感温度、应力双参量的实验基础上,应用理论分析的手段探讨了同时传感温度、应力和气体浓度3种参量的方法。给出了3种参量的计算式并进行了数值模拟,最后设计了一套相对简单、性价比高的传感解调系统。理论分析和数值模拟表明:温度在0℃以上时可以获得高于0.98 pm/℃的温度灵敏度;基模光应力灵敏度为1.2 pm/,高阶模光可获得高于0.83 pm/的应力灵敏度;长度较短的光子晶体光纤能够测量较高的气体浓度。本方案使用2个写入光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）的PCF作为传感器同时传感温度、应力和气体浓度3种参量,能够有效降低传感成本,拓宽气体、液体传感研究的思路。     

基于光子晶体光纤模间干涉的折射率测量灵敏度分析

通过理论分析和数值模拟,研究了一种基于光子晶体光纤(PCF)模间干涉的干涉计的灵敏度.根据光纤模间干涉理论,结合光子晶体光纤的归一化频率,分析了PCF干涉计测量气体折射率的原理,得到一个可以衡量PCF干涉计灵敏度的参数δn_s.通过对该参数物理意义的分析可以得出,PCF纤芯附近第一层气孔对灵敏度影响最大.相比于常规气孔结构,把PCF第一层气孔变为面积更大的圆与椭圆复合孔,可显著提高传感灵敏度.     

A novel scheme of hyperbolic-end microlens using the arc technology

This study proposes a new scheme of the tapered hyperbolic-end fiber (THEF) by etching the fiber end in a hydrofluoride (HF) solution with a thin layer of oil floating on top of the HF. This study makes it possible to fabricate the hyperbolic microlenses using unique etching and fusion techniques. Compared with previous hemispherical microlenses, the study shows that a THEF with a smaller taper angle and longer taper length fabricated by lower oil density exhibits a smaller radius of curvature, thus resulting in a better coupling efficiency. The THEF microlens results in a more than 2 dB improvement in coupling efficiency when compared with the currently available hemispherical microlenses. The calculation of the effect of oil density in HF etching solution on taper angle and taper length based on an empirical model is in agreement with the measured results. The THEFs have demonstrated up to 86% coupling efficiency for a laser with an aspect ratio of 1:1.5 at a wavelength of 1550 nm.     

High sensitivity dual core photonic crystal fiber sensor for simultaneous detection of two samples

The optical control ability of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is a distinctive property suitable for improving sensing and plasma performance. This article proposes a dual-core D-channel PCF sensor that can detect two samples simultaneously, which effectively solves the problems of coating difficulty and low wavelength sensitivity. The PCF has four layers of air holes, which dramatically reduces the optical fiber loss and is more conducive to the application of sensors in actual production. In addition, by introducing dual cores on the upper and lower sides of the central air hole, reducing the spacing between the core and the gold nanolayer, a stronger evanescent field can be generated in the cladding air hole. The optical fiber sensor can detect the refractive index of two samples simultaneously with a maximum sensitivity of 21300 nm/RIU. To the best of our knowledge, the sensitivity achieved in this work is the highest sensitivity with the dual sample synchronous detection sensors. The detection range of the refraction index is 1.35-1.41, and the resolution of the sensor is 4.695×10^-6. Overall, the sensor will be suitable for medical detection, organic chemical sensing, analyte detection, and other fields.     

数值模拟980nm锥形半导体激光器输出特性

具有高功率及高亮度激光特性的锥形半导体激光器在激光加工、自由空间通信、医疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景.本文基于广角差分光束传播法(WA-FD-BPM),对980 nm锥形半导体激光器进行了仿真模拟,详细分析了不同结构参数(脊形区刻蚀深度、锥形角度、不同脊形区/锥形区长度比、锥形区刻蚀深度、前腔面反射率)对器件光束质量和P...     

一种基于模间干涉的亚波长直径光纤气体折射率传感

设计了一种基于模间干涉的亚波长直径光纤气体折射率传感方案,并分析了其测量灵敏度.将标准单模光纤和一段仅传输基模与二阶模的无包层亚波长直径光纤结合形成传感头,通过分析传感头外气体折射率的变化对两个模式干涉谱峰值移动的影响,研究了这种传感器的折射率测量灵敏度.结果表明,这种传感器的灵敏度高于利用折射率引导型光子晶体光纤的基于模间干涉的折射率传感器.因为没有气体向微孔扩散的过程,这种基于模间干涉的亚波长光纤折射率传感器可用于实时探测.     

Fabry-Perot interferometers built by photonic crystal fiber pressurization during fusion splicing

We report on a microscopic Fabry-Perot interferometer whose cavity is a bubble trapped inside an optical fiber. The microcavity is formed by pressuring a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with large voids during fusion splicing with a conventional single-mode fiber. The technique allows achieving high repeatability and full control over the cavity size and shape. It was found that the size of the PCF voids contributes to control the cavity size independently of the pressure in the PCF. Our devices exhibit a record fringe contrast of 30?dB (visibility of 0.999) due to the ellipsoidal cavity whose surfaces compensate for the diffraction of the reflected beam. The strain sensitivity of the interferometers is higher when the cavities are ellipsoidal than when they are spherical.