Energy transmissivity of high-power nanosecond laser pulse focused on glass

The experimental results show that if the pulse energy is low, the damage does not occur and the corresponding transmissivity is 100%. But with the increase of the pulse energy, the damage occurs and the transmissivity decreases to between 100% and 50%, equal to 50% and lower than 50%.The concept of the cut-off time (T_cut) is proposed to give the physics explanation on it, and by taking the free electron density (FED) and the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), mathematical simulation of the change law of the T_cut and the corresponding energy transmissivity with the laser energy has been done, respectively. The analysis results indicate that the former definition method can predict all the situations successfully, but the second one cannot predict the situation of the transmissivity being between 100% and 50%, the reasons of this difference also be analyzed.     

Study of characteristics of ultrasound pulse generated by a laser pulse

I.IntroductionThegenerationofacousticpulsebylaserirradiationofametalsurfacewasfirstsuggestcdbyWhitein1963[1l.SincethatdateLaserU1trasoundtechniquchasbeendcvclopedrapidly.Becausethistechniquehasanumberoftechnicalfcatures,suchasnon-contact,highbandwidth,highhme-spacia1resolution,quantitativeteshng,generationoflongitudinal,shcarandRay1cighwaves(simu1taniously),andsoon,ithasbccnwidelyapp1icdtomcasurementsofmatcrialproperties,detectionofdefects,andcalibrationoftransd.ccrsl'-'o].Inordertodcve1opth…     

Formation of disperse particles under high-power ion beam irradiation of metals with a coating

Metal systems based on aluminum and copper coated with nickel irradiated by a high-power ion beam of nanosecond duration have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and local X-ray microanalysis. Dispersed particles of micro- and nanosizes have been found on the surface target. Their composition and formation mechanism differ. It has been shown that microparticles were formed during mixing of film and target atoms and consisted of corresponding components. Nanoparticles were mainly composed of the coating material, and their formation was associated with the dispersion of the Ni film due to the presence of a thin oxide layer on the sample surface. The deposition of Ni ablated by a high-power ion beam can affect the formation of nanoparticles.     

带宽对强光束非线性成像的抑制效应

 宽频带激光驱动器中光束的传输与常规的窄带系统有很大区别。数值分析了宽带激光的成像这一非线性传输现象,并与窄带激光的成像特性进行了比较,发现宽带激光的热像位置和窄带激光基本相同,但宽带激光的热像强度比窄带激光低很多,说明宽带激光能很好地抑制非线性成像的形成。此外,通过改变脉冲啁啾和脉冲宽度两种方式分别揭示了带宽对非线性成像和光束匀滑的影响,发现不同带宽情形下热像的位置基本相同,均处于共轭位置处;热像的光强和热像处光束的调制对比度随着啁啾值的增大而降低,随脉冲宽度的增大而增大。由于受到群速度色散效应的作用,带宽能够阻碍热像的形成,并提高光束的匀滑度。     

带宽对强光束非线性成像的抑制效应

宽频带激光驱动器中光束的传输与常规的窄带系统有很大区别。数值分析了宽带激光的成像这一非线性传输现象,并与窄带激光的成像特性进行了比较,发现宽带激光的热像位置和窄带激光基本相同,但宽带激光的热像强度比窄带激光低很多,说明宽带激光能很好地抑制非线性成像的形成。此外,通过改变脉冲啁啾和脉冲宽度两种方式分别揭示了带宽对非线性成像和光束匀滑的影响,发现不同带宽情形下热像的位置基本相同,均处于共轭位置处;热像的光强和热像处光束的调制对比度随着啁啾值的增大而降低,随脉冲宽度的增大而增大。由于受到群速度色散效应的作用,带宽能够阻碍热像的形成,并提高光束的匀滑度。     

Acoustic waves generated by a laser line pulse in a hollow cylinder

A theoretical solution is proposed to predict acoustic waves generated in a homogeneous and isotropic hollow cylinder by a laser line source under either ablation or thermoelastic regime. The Fourier series expansion is introduced for one spatial coordinate to solve this transient response problem. Theoretical displacements are obtained in both regimes for aluminum hollow cylinders with various thickness including a rod of the same size. The corresponding displacements are observed experimentally by the laser ultrasonic technique. Agreement has been found in the time arrival, shape and relative amplitude of surface waves and various longitudinal and transverse bulk waves. These acoustic waves are further identified by the ray trajectory analysis. This work will be helpful when dealing with the inverse problem of the nondestructive evaluation of hollow cylindrical parts.     

Escape into vacuum of fast electrons generated by oblique incidence of an ultrashort, high-power laser pulse on a solid target

The possibility that fast electrons can escape in a direction close to the trajectory of a reflected ultrashort laser pulse at extremely high laser radiation fluxes is examined analytically and numerically. Analytic estimates are made of the feasibility of forming electron bursts in the plasma and of their subsequent motion. The self-consistent, collisionless motion of a plasma acted on by specified incident and reflected ultrashort laser pulses is modeled in two dimensions by the particle-in-cell method. It is shown that a substantial number of electrons located in the subcritical region are gathered into bunches by the resultant forces and escape to the vacuum in a direction different from the normal to the target surface within a narrow range of solid angles. This demonstrates the feasibility of laser acceleration of an electron burst during reflection of an ultrashort laser pulse from a solid target. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 116, 1184–1197 (October 1999)     

Defect-density switching wave in crystals under pulsed laser irradiation

A model is proposed for the ignition of a defect-density switching wave in a crystal by powerful laser pulses. It is shown that the switching wave arises as a result of the nonlinear dependence of the activation energy of the defect-formation process on the strain field due to defects. The conditions under which a switching wave arises and the profile, velocity, and propagation direction of the wave are discussed. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 73–77 (August 1998)     

高功率飞秒脉冲激光器的进展

概述了超短激光脉冲技术发展的历程。详尽的论述了啁啾脉冲放大技术的原理和一些关键技术 ,并对当今飞秒激光器研究发展的状况进行了综述。在分析其应用前景的基础上 ,进一步指出了这一技术领域未来的发展趋势。结果表明 ,脉冲激光放大系统以后的发展方向是 :更短脉冲 ;追求更高峰值功率 ;连续光谱调谐化 ;向小型化乃至全光纤化发展。     

Characterization of relativistic electrons generated by a cone guiding laser pulse

We demonstrated the interaction of a gold cone target with a femto second(fs) laser pulse above the relativistic intensity of 1.37×10 18 μm 2 W/cm 2.Relativistic electrons with energy above 2 MeV were observed.A 25%-40% increase of the electron temperature is achieved compared to the case when a plane gold target is used.The electron temperature increase results from the guiding of the laser beam at the tip and the intense quasistatic magnetic field in the cone geometry.The behavior of the relativistic electrons is verified in our 2D-PIC simulations.     

Quasi-static electromagnetic pulse generated by ultra-intense laser pulses

A solitary structure of quasi-static electromagnetic pulse is formed in moderate density plasmas by a propagation of ultra-intense and ultra-short laser pulse, which is formed after the laser pulse is depleted and slowly propagates in the laser propagation direction. The structure is sustained by huge magnetic pressure and compensating electric field which are in an electromagnetic equilibrium together with the plasma motion. The solitary structure is formed when the resonance condition is satisfied and laser intensity is high enough to induce huge magnetic field pressure.     

Acoustic waves generated by a laser point pulse in a transversely isotropic cylinder

A three-dimensional (3D) model is presented to predict the acoustic waves generated by a laser point pulse in a transversely isotropic cylinder. The Fourier series expansion and the two-dimensional Fourier transform are introduced to calculate the 3D transient response under either the ablation or the thermoelastic generation. The presented physical model and the numerical inverse scheme are applied to a fiber reinforced composite cylinder with a strong anisotropy. Experimental radial displacements of the cylinder surface are detected by the laser ultrasonic technique and analyzed by the ray trajectories for both generation regimes. Corresponding theoretical displacements are obtained numerically and compared to the experimental signals. Good agreement is found between theoretical and experimental results. The focusing effects that anisotropy gives rise to are observed in both theory and experiment under either regime.     

采用混合玻璃配置提高高功率激光装置短脉冲输出能力

 在分析不同基质材料激光特性的基础上,结合钕玻璃放大系统的增益特性和ΔB分布特性,提出了在高功率激光装置的主放大级中,混合使用高增益激光玻璃和低非线性折射率玻璃的新思路,以期在降低非线性折射率的基础上提高激光装置在短脉冲的输出能力。用光传输程序模拟计算所得结果表明该方案能有效提高系统输出能力。在1 ns时,激光系统最大能量输出有30%~40%增长。     

采用混合玻璃配置提高高功率激光装置短脉冲输出能力

在分析不同基质材料激光特性的基础上,结合钕玻璃放大系统的增益特性和ΔB分布特性,提出了在高功率激光装置的主放大级中,混合使用高增益激光玻璃和低非线性折射率玻璃的新思路,以期在降低非线性折射率的基础上提高激光装置在短脉冲的输出能力。用光传输程序模拟计算所得结果表明该方案能有效提高系统输出能力。在1 ns时,激光系统最大能量输出有30%~40%增长。     

离散效应对高强度激光三次谐波转换的影响

使用分步傅里叶变换和四阶龙格库塔法(R-K) ，对高强度激光以Ⅰ/Ⅱ类角度失谐方式，在KDP晶体中的谐波转换进行了研究，详细讨论了离散效应对三次谐波转换的影响。结果表明，离散效应不但降低了三次谐波转换效率，而且使谐波光束质量显著降低；初始入射基频光束腰半径较小时，离散效应是二次谐波转换和三次谐波转换效率降低的主要因素，失谐角对三次谐波转换的影响较小；随着束腰半径的增加，离散效应的影响逐渐减小，失谐角对三次谐波转换的影响逐渐增加。     

Simulation of generation of ultradisperse particles upon irradiation of metals by a high-power electron beam

A model of formation of ultradisperse particles in the plasma torch emerging during evaporation of a metal target by a high-power electron beam is described. A model of heterogeneous media is proposed for describing the plasma torch dynamics taking into account heat conduction, heat transfer and friction between components, relaxation of components to equilibrium, condensation, and evaporation and coagulation of drops as a result of their collisions. Numerical simulation of the generation of ultradisperse particles in the plasma torch formed during irradiation of a metal target by a powerful electron beam is performed. The size distribution of ultradisperse particles is obtained for various regimes of irradiation and cooling.     

Towards a control of multiple filamentation by spatial regularization of a high-power femtosecond laser pulse

We propose a new method for controlling randomly generated multiple filaments during the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in optical media. The method is based on introducing a periodic amplitude modulation of the transverse beam profile. It is shown both experimentally and numerically that the introduction of a periodic mesh into a propagation path of a femtosecond near-infrared laser pulse leads to a deterministic spatial distribution of multiple filaments in the presence of initial random fluctuations. As a result, the number of filaments is increased as compared to the random case. PACS 42.65.Jx; 42.25.Bs; 42.60.Jf