共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 970 毫秒
1.
J. J. LaBrecque P. R. Cordoves M. A. Cordoves K. Perez D. Palacios J. A. Alfonso 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,283(3):669-674
This work presents the results of 137Cs, 40K, 232Th and 238U concentration (Bq kg−1) values in coastal marine sediments collected from 38 sites along the coastline of the island of Margarita, Venezuela. The
purpose was to determine baseline values for these radionuclides in surface marine sediments and to detect if there were any
anomalously high concentration values. Only three of the 38 sediments analyzed had measurable values above the detection limit
of 0.9 Bq kg−1 for 137Cs and the highest only being 1.4 Bq kg−1. While, the concentration (Bq kg−1) ranges for the primordial radionuclides, 40K, 232Th and 238U were as follows: 12.2–211.7, <1.5–9.8 and <4.4–20.7, respectively. These concentration ranges for the primordial radionuclides
can be considered as baseline values for surface marine sediments for areas that are considered not polluted by man or contaminated
by nature. Finally, the concentration range of 137Cs can also be employed as baseline values, which only seem to have been the result of the atmospheric testing of nuclear
weapons in the past. 相似文献
2.
C. J. Sanders J. M. Smoak L. M. Sanders M. N. Waters S. R. Patchineelam M. E. Ketterer 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,283(3):593-596
A sediment core was taken to determine if sediment accumulation rates could be conducted using 240+239Pu signatures in the coastal mangrove mudflats of southeastern Brazil. The results from this study show that 240+239Pu fallout activities are sufficient and well preserved in the coastal sediments of this region. Sediment accumulation rates
determined from the 240+239Pu signatures were 4.4 mm/year and 4.1 from 210Pb (CIC) method. A sediment mixing coefficient rate was calculated using chlorophyll-a profile (9.5 cm2). 相似文献
3.
M. N. Sondermann K. N. Suzuki E. C. Machado W. Machado L. F. Bellido R. T. Lopes A. V. B. Bellido 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2018,316(2):429-434
The biological activity influence on the mangrove sediment capacity to remove 65Zn and 109Cd from tidal water was evaluated in a site chronically polluted. Benthic Activity Indexes (BAI), corresponding to relative estimates of biological impact on radiotracer accumulation, were higher for 109Cd (~?38%) than for 65Zn (~?10%) in the top centimetre of sediment. However, BAI exceeded 96% for deeper sediment layers. This apparent decrease in radiotracer diffusion into deep sediments through biological activity inhibition is stronger than reported for much less polluted mangrove nearby, suggesting that benthic organisms tolerant of chronic metal pollution may affect metal sorption mechanisms. 相似文献
4.
Summary The dispersion of radioactive substances in the environment following nuclear weapon tests in atmosphere since 1954 and accidents to nuclear plants, like that in Chernobyl in 1986, have allowed us to study the migration processes of some radionuclides in complex ecosystems such as lakes are. In the present paper the behavior of 137Cs and 90Sr in different compartments of the Monterosi Lake (central Italy) was assessed. The 137Cs concentration was measured in lake water as well as sediment, stream water, aquatic plant and fish samples. 90Sr concentration in water and sediments was also determined. A total inventory of 4206±76 Bq . m-2 and 958±79 Bq . m-2 (on 27/6/01) has been found for 137Cs and 90Sr, respectively. The experimental data presented here allow to calibrate theoretical models predicting the temporal trend of radionuclide concentration in similar ecosystems. Moreover, information on cesium and strontium migration processes can be extended to other pollutants having similar environmental behavior. 相似文献
5.
Summary An extraction chromatography method was developed for the separation of 239Np from 243Am in nitric acid solution. A sorbent based on aliphatic quaternary amine Aliquat-336 and hydrophobized silica gel was prepared. 239Np reduced to the oxidation state(IV) with ferrous sulfamate in 2M or 6M HNO3 sorbs on the prepared silica gel column. After washing with 0.1M ferrous sulfamate in 2.5M HNO3, 239Np is eluted with 0.1M HNO3 containing 0.02M HF. The separation of 243Am from 239Np is very effective. The purity of 239Np was found to be better than 99.5%. The proposed 239Np milking procedure is suitable for the preparation of 239Np tracer that can be used for the determination of 237Np radiochemical yield. 相似文献
6.
The determination is based on the evaluation of experimentally obtained breakthrough curves using the erfc-function. The first
method is founded on the assumption of a reversible linear sorption/desorption isotherm of radionuclides on solid phase with
constant distribution and retardation coefficients, whereas the second one is based on the assumption of a reversible non-linear
sorption/desorption isotherm described with the Freundlich equation, i.e., with non-constant distribution and retardation coefficients. Undisturbed cores of 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm long were embedded
in the Eprosin-type cured epoxide resin column. In this study the so-called Cenomanian background groundwater was used as
transport medium. The groundwater containing radionuclides was introduced at the bottom of the columns at about 4 mL h−1 constant flow-rate. The results have shown that in the investigated fucoidic sands: (i) the sorption was in principle characterized
by linear isotherms and the corresponding retardation coefficients of 137Cs and 85Sr, depending on the type of sample, were approximately 13 or 44 and 5 or 15, respectively; (ii) the desorption was characterized
by non-linear isotherms, and the retardation coefficients of the same radionuclides ranged between 23–50 and 5–25, respectively.
The values of the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients of these radionuclides varied between 0.43–1.2 cm2 h−1.
相似文献
7.
Marin Ayranov Dorothea Schumann 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(3):649-654
The station for pions cancer therapy was operated at PSI from 1980 to 1992. After a cooling time of 12 years it’s made of
copper beam dump was cut and samples were taken for analytical purposes. The sampling collected about 500 g of high active
copper chips that can be used for separation of exotic radionuclides. The analyses by gamma spectrometry, LSC and AMS showed
main nuclides present to be 60Co, 54Mn, 22Na, 65Zn, 26Al, 53Mn, 59Ni, 63Ni, 55Fe and 60Fe and 44Ti with a daughter nuclide 44Sc. In the frame of ERAWAST project a procedure combining selective precipitation and ion exchange for the separation of the
rare radionuclides from the copper beam dump was developed. The proposed separation procedure is easy for remote controlled
implementation in a hot cell. The ion exchange separation of Ni, Al, Mg, Ti and Fe was complete and high decontamination factors
for copper and cobalt were achieved. Based on the developed procedure a remotely controlled system for separation of exotic
radionuclides from the copper chips was set up. The full scale system was installed in a hot cell where high activity levels
can be handled. In order to evaluate the reliability and functionality of the system extensive tests have been done. During
the test period 13.86 g in total of the proton irradiated copper beam dump were processed for separation of 26Al, 59Ni, 53Mn, 44Ti and 60Fe. The results showed that the system was operational and the radionuclide separation was selective with high chemical yield.
The procedure manages as well the generated liquid wastes containing high level of 60Co activity. 相似文献
8.
Masaki Uesugi Masayasu Noguchi Akihiko Yokoyama Takashi Nakanishi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,283(3):577-584
An improved method is proposed to determine the content of 210Pb in lead using 210Po measured by alpha-ray spectrometry. This improved method, which is based on radiochemical separation by DDTC–toluene extraction,
employs EDTA and citrate as masking reagents for the lead ions. To selectively extract polonium from an alkaline solution,
the pH dependency was examined using a liquid scintillation counting method. And pH 9 was chosen as an extraction condition.
Then 210Po was electrodeposited on a stainless steel disk, and the chemical recovery was followed by 209Po tracer. The effectiveness of the new method was validated by the agreement with the analytical results from five samples
as determined by gamma-ray spectrometry. 相似文献
9.
S. Pommé E. García-Toraño G. Sibbens S. Richter R. Wellum A. Stolarz A. Alonso 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(1):207-210
High-resolution alpha-particle spectrometry was performed on three uranium materials enriched in 235U. Besides the 235U peaks, separate peaks belonging to impurity traces of 234U could be quantified. Relying on the isotopic composition of the uranium, as determined by mass spectrometry, the ratio of
the half-lives of 238U and 235U was determined via the activity ratio of 234U and 235U in the materials. As an intermediate link, the 234U/238U half-life ratio was taken from published mass spectrometric analyses of ‘secular equilibrium’ uranium material. The resulting
half-life ratio T
1/2(238U)/T
1/2(235U) = 6.351±0.031 is in agreement with the commonly adopted half-life values determined by Jaffey et al. 相似文献
10.
Chang Heon Lee Moo Yul Suh Kwang Yong Jee Won Ho Kim 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,272(1):187-194
A sequential separation procedure has been developed for the determination of 99Tc, 94Nb, 55Fe, 90Sr and 59/63Ni in various radioactive wastes generated from nuclear power plants. Ion exchange and extraction chromatography were adopted
for individual separation of the radionuclides. Precipitation was supplementarily utilized for both purification of the individual
radionuclides and preparation of the radionuclide sources for use in a radioactivity measurement. The chromatographic separation
behavior of the radionuclides both from the sample matrix metals and from one another was investigated using stable metals,
Re (as a surrogate of 99Tc), Nb, Fe, Sr and Ni. The validity of the procedure for reliability and applicability was evaluated by measuring the recovery
of the metal carriers added to synthetic radioactive waste solutions. The recoveries by the chromatographic separation were
in the range of 84.8 to 102.2% with 2s of less than 8.6%, the recoveries by the precipitation being in the range of 84.3 to 97.3% with 2s of less than 10.9%. 相似文献
11.
Le Van So P. Pellegrini A. Katsifis J. Howse I. Greguric 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,277(2):451-466
The radiochemical separation of the different radionuclides (64Cu, 67Cu, 67Ga, 66Ga, 56Ni, 57Ni, 55Co, 56Co, 57Co, 65Zn, 196Au) induced in the Ni supported Cu substrate — 68Zn target system, which was bombarded with the 29.0 MeV proton beam, was performed by ion-exchange chromatography using successive
isocratic and/or concentration gradient elution techniques. The overlapped gamma-ray spectrum analysis method was developed
to assess the 67Ga and 67Cu content in the 64Cu product and even in the post-67Ga production 68Zn target solution without the support of radiochemical separation. This method was used for the assessment of 64+67Cu radioisotope separation from 67Ga, the quality control of 64Cu product and the determination of the 68Zn (p,2p)67Cu reaction yield. The improvement in the targetry and the optimization of proton beam energy for the 68Zn target based 64Cu and 67Ga production were proposed based on the stopping power and range of the incident proton and on the excitation functions,
reaction yields and different radionuclides induced in the target system. 相似文献
12.
J. J. LaBrecque J. A. Alfonso P. R. Cordoves D. Palacios 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,273(2):285-288
Clam meats were obtained directly from the fishermen on the beaches in front of where the clams were collected at eight sites;
seven along the northern coast of Venezuela and one on the northern coast of the island of Margarita (Venezuela). Marine sediments
were also collected in the same corresponding areas as the clams. 137Cs was determined both in clam meats and the marine sediments by high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry employing a hyperpure
germanium detector. About 5 kg portions of clam meats were washed and dried in the laboratory, before 500 cm3 volumes were transferred and weighed in the measuring containers. Similarly, 500 cm3 volumes of marine sediments that were dried and ground to pass a 85 μm sieve were transferred to the measuring containers.
The samples were counted for 150,000 seconds of real time. The 137Cs activity of the clam meats ranged from <0.011 Bq·kg−1 (our detection limit) to 0.36 Bq·kg−1 (dried weigh). These values are all within the range of values considered for environmental fallout from the nuclear weapons
tests. Finally, all the values for the corresponding marine sediments were below our detection limit of 0.1 Bq·kg−1 of 137Cs (dried weigh). 相似文献
13.
Activity concentrations of 238U, 235U and 234U were determined in different sources of drinking water at the Obuasi gold mines and its surrounding areas in Ghana. Water
samples collected from the mines and its surrounding areas were analyzed using direct gamma-ray spectrometry and neutron activation
analysis. The 234U/238U and 235U/238U ratios were calculated and the mean values range from 1.27 to 1.38 and from 0.044 to 0.045 respectively. The average 234U/238U ratio was from 1.27 for groundwater to 1.38 for treated water, demonstrating the lack of equilibrium. The average 235U/238U activity ratio is 0.045, indicating that only natural uranium was detected in the samples investigated. 相似文献
14.
D. Larivière D. K. Brownell V. N. Epov R. J. Cornett R. D. Evans 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,273(2):337-344
Three protocols (Method I: ion chromatography (IC) and extraction chromatography (EC), Method II: precipitation followed by
IC, and Method III: adsorption onto MnO2 followed by IC-EC) were investigated to determine their applicability for the separation and pre-concentration of 226Ra in sediments. 226Ra recoveries, measured using the isotope dilution method with 228Ra as yield tracer, and the removal of spectral and non-spectral interferences were evaluated. The formation of polyatomic
interferences at m/z = 226 from elements found in the matrix of sediments was also investigated to assess the level of separation required. Methods
I and III were found to be the most effective with respect to recoveries and interference removal. The efficiency of a rapid
microwave based protocol for the complete digestion of 1 g of sediment is also described. The method was tested and 226Ra concentrations in the millibecquerel range (fg) were determined in a standard reference material and sediment cores collected
from Lake Baikal. 相似文献
15.
Tongke Zhao Lei Zhang Qiuju Guo Wenbin Dong 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,313(2):379-384
The activity concentrations of 218Po, 214Pb and 214Bi [i.e. C(218Po), C(214Pb), and C(214Bi)] and the calculated concentration ratios [i.e. 1:C(214Pb)/C(218Po):C(214Bi)/C(218Po)] are necessary for assessing radon and its progenies exposure. In this study, a measurement method of radon progenies concentrations with both high sensitivity and low uncertainty, was developed based on the Kerr method. The field measurement results of radon progeny concentrations and calculated concentration ratios in both typical indoor and outdoor environments in Beijing, China, were reported. The effects of air exchange rate on concentration ratios of radon progenies in indoor environments were discussed. 相似文献
16.
S. K. Aggarwal D. Alamelu P. M. Shah N. N. Mirashi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2007,273(3):771-774
Determination of 241Am/243Am ratios is required for vanous purposes including assay of Am by isotope dilution techniques. Alpha-spectrometry on electrodeposited
sources is a preferred technique for this determination. However, there is an inherent problem of tail contribution which
necessitates the use of suitable algorithms to account for the same. Recently, in the frame of a Coordinated Research Program
(CRP) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), WinALPHA software has been developed which is a combination of an
asymmetrical Gaussian for the main part of the peak and a low energy function. Therefore, it was of interest to compare the
use of this algorithm with the routinely used method, in our laboratory, based on geometric progression (G. P.) decrease.
Since, there are no reference materials available commercially for 241Am/243Am ratios, synthetic mixtures covening a wide range (0.3 to 2.0) of 241Am/243Am α-activity ratios were used and un-ignited electrodeposited sources were prepared for α-spectrometry. The α-spectra obtained using PIPS detector, were evaluated using the two algonthms The 241Am/243Am α-activity ratios obtained were also compared with those determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). An agreement
of about 1% was obtained in the 241Am/243Am ratios determined by the two methods and also by using the two algorithms for α-spectrum evaluation. 相似文献
17.
Chang Heon Lee Myung Ho Lee Sun Ho Han Yeoung-Keong Ha Kyuseok-Song 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,288(2):319-325
A simple and rapid separation procedure was systemized for the determination of 99Tc, 90Sr, 94Nb, 55Fe and 59,63Ni in low and intermediate level radioactive wastes. The integrated procedure involves precipitation, anion exchange and extraction
chromatography for the separation and purification of individual radionuclide from sample matrix elements and from other radionuclides.
After separating Re (as a surrogate of 99Tc) on an anion change resin column, Sr, Nb, Fe and Ni were sequentially separated as follows; Sr was separated as Sr (Ca-oxalate)
co-precipitates from Nb, Fe and Ni followed by purification using Sr-Spec extraction chromatographic resin. Nb was separated
from Fe and Ni by anion exchange chromatography. Fe was separated from Ni by anion exchange chromatography. Ni was separated
as Ni-dimethylglyoxime precipitates after the removal of 134,137Cs and 110mAg by Cs-phosphotungstate and AgCl precipitation, respectively. Finally, the radionuclide sources were prepared by precipitation
for their radioactivity measurements. The reliability of the procedure was evaluated by measuring the recovery of chemical
carriers added to a synthetic radioactive waste solution. 相似文献
18.
I. I. Dovhyi D. A. Kremenchutskii V. Yu. Proskurnin O. N. Kozlovskaya 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,311(3):1643-1648
90Y was separated from 90Sr using an extraction chromatographic resin consisting of 4, 4′(5′)-bis-t-butylcyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide (C2mimNTf2), and a polymer (Amberlite XAD-7). Ionic liquid was introduced into the column to improve the separation efficiency. The column showed an excellent performance for the separation of Y from Sr. After the separation, the ratio of 90Sr/90Y was <2.0 × 10?5; the column was recycled for >18 times. This study provides preliminary results on columns to produce 90Y with a high purity in radiopharmaceuticals. 相似文献
19.
Tarja Katri Ikäheimonen Iisa Outola Vesa-Pekka Vartti Pekka Kotilainen 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,280(2):419-425
The Baltic Sea is ecologically unique as one of the world’s largest brackish water basins. It was significantly contaminated by radioactivity following the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the major contaminant being long-lived 137Cs. Due to the slow exchange of water between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea and the relatively rapid sedimentation rates, radionuclides have prolonged residence times in the Baltic Sea. 137Cs levels are consequently still clearly higher than in other water bodies around the world. In addition to the Chernobyl accident, artificial radionuclides in the Baltic Sea originate from the global fallout following nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s, while discharges into the Baltic Sea from nuclear power plants and other facilities are of minor importance. Here, inventories and the temporal evolution of radionuclides both in seawater and sediments of the Baltic Sea are presented and discussed. 相似文献
20.
G. N. Altshuler E. V. Ostapova L. A. Sapozhnikova O. G. Altshuler 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2004,53(12):2670-2673
The corrected selectivity coefficients of the ion exchange H+-Na+ and H+-NH4
+ on ion-exchange resins based on C-tetramethylcalix[4]resorcinarene were calculated from the experimental data obtained from studying ion-exchange equilibria. The preference of the ion-exchange resins for cations increases in the sequence: Na+ < NH4
+ < < H+, and the ion-exchange resin based on (2-furyl)hydroxymethyltetramethylcalix[4]resorcinarene has a higher preference for ammonium cations. According to the results of microcalorimetric measurements, the exchange H+-Na+ on this ion-exchange resin is accompanied by the highest change in the differential enthalpy. It follows from the quantum-chemical calculations that the introduction of a (2-furyl)hydroxymethyl group into the structure of the polymer induces additional electrostatic interactions between an ammonium cation and an elementary unit of the ion-exchange resin.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2560–2563, December, 2004. 相似文献