CH3CH2+O(3P)反应机理的理论研究

利用abinitio方法对CH3CH2+O(3P)反应进行了理论研究,在MP2/6311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了反应途径上的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型和谐振频率,并在QCISD(T)/6311+G(d,p)水平上进行单点能计算.计算结果表明:CH2O+CH3、CH3CHO+H和CH2CH2+OH是主要反应产物,其中CH2O+CH3主要来自反应通道A1:(R)→IM1→TS3→(A),CH3CHO+H主要来自反应通道B1:(R)→IM1→TS4→(B),CH2CH2+OH主要来自直接抽提反应通道C1和C2:(R)→TS1(TS2)→(C).计算结果同时表明该反应生成CO的通道能垒是非常高的,CO应该不是主要产物.     

The formation of O(3s3S0) and N(3s4P) by photodissociation of NO

The dissociation of NO molecules to excited atomic states by dispersed synchrotron radiation (700 Å – 800 Å) is investigated by observing vuv-fluorescence (1050 Å – 1400 Å) of the fragments. The atomic levels are populated by predissociation of high-lying molecular states.     

CH2Cl和O2的反应动力学

利用时间分辨傅立叶变换红外发射光谱技术研究了CH2Cl+O2的气相基元反应．在实验中首次观测到了振动激发产物CO (v·4)和CO2(o3,v·7)．激发态的CO/CO2 (o3)比率是72.2§7．在QCISD//UB3LYP/6-311++G (d, p)水平上对该化学反应的中间物和产物进行了量子化学计算．其研究结果表明: CH2Cl 自由基首先和O2结合, 生成中间物CH2ClOO， 紧接着发生脱氯反应生成环氧中间物CH2OO，然后再经过一系列的异构化和分解反应，生成最终的产物CO和CO2，和实验观     

Isomeric Cl(2)O(2)(+) and Cl(2)O(2)(-) ions

Charged species structurally related to several isomers of Cl(2)O(2), of considerable importance in atmospheric chemistry, were obtained by chemical ionization (CI) and characterized by collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) mass spectrometry. The ClOClO(+) and [Cl(2)-O(2)](+) species were prepared by positive ion Cl(2)/CI of ClO(2) and O(2), respectively, whereas the ClClO(2)(+) isomer proved an elusive species of considerably lower stability. The ClClO(2)(-) anion was obtained from the negative ion Cl(2)/CI of ClO(2). The formation process, structure and stability of the ions are discussed in connection with available theoretical results and related to the recent preparation of (Cl(2)O(2))(+)SbF(6)(-) and (Cl(2)O(2))(+)Sb(2)F(11)(-) salts in the solid phase. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanistic study of the reaction of methyl peroxy radical (CH3O2) with formaldehyde (CH2O)

ABSTRACT

A direct dynamic study on the reactions of CH₃O₂?+?CH₂O was carried out over the temperature range of 300–1500?K. All stationary points were calculated with the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory and identified for local minimum. The energetic parameters were refined at QCISD (T)/cc-pVTZ and CCSD (T)/cc-pVTZ levels of theory. Three channels were explored and a reaction of hydrogen abstraction from CH₂O by CH₃O₂ was identified as dominant channel which involves the formation of a prereactive complex in the entrance channel. The rate coefficient of the dominant channel was calculated with TST and TST/Eck and the Eckart tunnelling effect is only important over the lower temperature region. The calculated rate coefficient of the dominant channel has positive temperature dependence and agrees reasonably with the available literature data.     

Single-molecule conductance determinations on HS(CH2)4O(CH2)4SH and HS(CH2)2O(CH2)2O(CH2)2SH, and comparison with alkanedithiols of the same length

The acetyl-protected, thiol-terminated ethers AcS(CH(2))(4)O(CH(2))(4)SAc and AcS(CH(2))(2)O(CH(2))(2)O(CH(2))(2)SAc have been synthesised, and a range of related scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM)-based methods have been employed to fabricate and electrically characterise gold | single molecule | gold junctions involving these molecules. The single-molecule conductance values obtained are consistently found to be substantially higher (by a factor of 2-3) than the conductances of analogous alkanedithiols of similar length (HS(CH(2))(9)SH and HS(CH(2))(8)SH, respectively). A rationalisation of these findings is suggested, namely that the lone pair electrons on the oxygen atoms are substantially closer in energy to the Fermi energy of the gold leads than are the occupied and unoccupied states of methylene chains, so that the ether oxygens behave in a manner analogous to 'wells' in a double-tunnelling-barrier system. In agreement with this suggestion, the current-voltage behaviour of the monoether can be fitted using the Simmons approach, and the barrier height is found to be significantly lower than for alkanedithiols of approximately the same length.     

Theoretical study on the reactions of CH3NHNH2 with ground state O(3P) atom and excited state O(1D) atom

The reaction mechanisms of methylhydrazine (CH₃NHNH₂) with O(³P) and O(¹D) atoms have been explored theoretically at the MPW1K/6-311+G(d,p), MP2/6-311+G(d,p), MCG3-MPWPW91 (single-point), and CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ (single-point) levels. The triplet potential energy surface for the reaction of CH₃NHNH₂ with O(³P) includes seven stable isomers and eight transition states. When the O(³P) atom approaches CH₃NHNH₂, the heavy atoms, namely N and C atoms, are the favourable combining points. O(³P) atom attacking the middle-N atom in CH₃NHNH₂ results in the formation of an energy-rich isomer (CH₃NHONH₂) followed by migration of O(³P) atom from middle-N atom to middle-H atom leading to the product P6 (CH₃NNH₂+OH), which is one of the most favourable routes. The estimated major product CH₃NNH₂ is consistent with the experimental measurements. Reaction of O(¹D) + CH₃NHNH₂ presents different features as compared with O(³P) + CH₃NHNH₂. O(¹D) atom will first insert into C–H2, N1–H4, and N2–H5 bonds barrierlessly to form the three adducts, respectively. There are two most favourable paths for O(¹D) + CH₃NHNH₂. One is that the C–N bond cleavage accompanied by a concerted H shift from O atom to N atom (mid-N) leads to the product P_I (CH₂O + NH₂NH₂), and the other is that the N–N bond rupture along with a concerted H shift from O to N (end-N) forms P_IV (CH₃NH₂ + HNO). The similarities and discrepancies between two reactions are discussed.     

Spectral reflectance of the one-dimensional organic metals (perylene)2(PF6)1.1 × 0.8CH2Cl2 and (perylene)2(AsF6)1.1 × 0.7CH2Cl2

We report on the optical reflectance of (perylene)₂(PF₆)_1.1 × 0.8CH₂Cl₂ and (perylene)₂(AsF₆)_1.1 × 0.7CH₂Cl₂ single crystals in the energy range from 0.25 to 4 eV. For light polarized perpendicular to the molecular stacks the crystals exhibit the optical behaviour of an insulating molecular crystals, whereas for light polarized parallel to the stacks a pronounced plasma edge at $\text{h}\text{?}\text{ω = 0.9}\text{eV}$ is observed. The experimental data were analyzed by a Lorentz-Drude model in order to determine the electrical conductivity, the carrier concentration, the effective mass, the collision time, the band width, and the Fermi vector of the crystals.     

Oriented O(3P2), Ne(3P2), and He(3S1) atoms emerging from a bent magnetic guide

We describe our observation of strongly oriented total electronic angular momentum J in O(³P₂), Ne(³P₂), and He(³S₁) atoms emerging from a bent magnetic multipole guide, as measured by resonant multiphoton ionisation. This was contrary to our expectation because no additional (uniform) magnetic fields were applied to orient the atoms behind the exit of the guide. Two- and three-photon ionisation techniques were employed to determine the degree of J polarisation, from which we infer that atoms become oriented as a result of a combination of weak fringe fields, possible stray fields, and the fact that molecular beam packets do not oscillate around the geometric center of the bent multipole guide. We conclude that similar effects may exist in other, related experiments and that a detailed characterisation of the degree of orientation is required prior to any study of chemical dynamics or spectroscopy. This paper should serve as a warning for anybody using similar devices not to assume isotropic angular momentum distributions of atoms and molecules emerging from a magnetic guide or a decelerator, particularly when it is bent; whenever possible, the possibility for a J anisotropy should be experimentally checked.     

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on N(CH3)4+ cation motion in ferroelectric N(CH3)4H(Cl3CCOO)2

The proton spin-lattice relaxation time in ferroelectric N(CH3)4H(Cl3CCOO)2 has been studied under isobaric conditions at pressures 0.1, 200 and 400 MPa over a wide range of temperature. The data indicate that the dominant relaxation mechanism for T1 can be attributed to the classical CH3 group reorientation of N(CH3)4+ cation. The influence of pressure on methyl group reorientation of N(CH3)4+ cation was analysed.     

CH3CH2+N(4S)反应机理的理论研究

利用abinitio方法对CH3CH2+N(4S)反应进行了理论研究,在MP2/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了反应途径上的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型和谐振频率,并在QCISD(T)/6-311+G(d,p)水平上进行单点能计算.计算结果表明,CH2CH2+3NH和H2CN+CH3是此反应主要产物,CH3CHN+H是此反应次要产物.产物CH2CH2+3NH主要来自直接氢抽提反应通道,H2CN+CH3来自加成-解离反应通道,CH3CHN+H来自加成-解离反应通道.     

LP-FTIR研究CH3C(O)CH=CH2与O3大气反应生成过氧化物的产率

在(298±2)K 温度和1.0×105 Pa(20% O2+80% N2)压力条件下,采用长光路傅里叶变换红外光谱(LP-FTIR)技术,实验室模拟研究甲基乙烯基酮(CH3C(O)CHCH2)与O3大气化学反应.从FTIR光谱中可以看出,产物中包括HCHO,HC(O)OH,CH3CHO和CH3C(O)CHO等羰基化合物,还有CO,CO2等.FTIR结合双通道过氧化物分析仪,测定了过氧化物的产率.其中,有机氢过氧化物(ROOH)为(10.7±0.4)% ,过氧化氢(H2O2)为(1.8±0.3)%.HPLC分析表明,ROOH主要为甲基过氧化氢(CH3OOH).可以认为,作为异戊二烯主要中间产物之一的甲基乙烯基酮与O3的反应是大气有机过氧化物的一个重要来源.至于反应过程中有机过氧化物的生成浓度呈现双峰的特征,其机制需作进一步的研究.     

Pyroelectric properties of a ferroelectric single crystal [NH2(CH3)2]3Sb2Cl9 (DMACA)

The pyroelectric properties of DMACA single crystals have been measured in the range 135–293 K, revealing the existence of ferroelectric second order phase transition at T_c = 243 K. The saturation value of spontaneous polarization P_s along a-axis amounts to 6.8 × 10⁻³ Cm⁻² at about 203 K. Critical exponent β = 0.5 has been found in the region 0.5–10 K away from T_c.     

Lattice mediated interactions and ferroelectric anomalies in the crystal (CH3NH3)5Bi2Cl11 (PMACB)

Abstract

A two-sublattice compressible pseudospin model has been constructed to describe the behaviour of the spontaneous polarisation of PMACB in the temperature region comprising the ferroelectric phase transition (T=307K) and the isomorphous anomaly (T= 180 K). A strong coupling of pseudospins with a “pancake” strain ?(2ε₃₃ ? ε₁₁ - ε₂₂) /3 resulting from the comparison of the model with the experimental spontaneous polarisation agrees with the existing data on the dielectric susceptibility, and on the specific heat. The ferroelectric phase transition then turns out to be close to a tricritical point. The numerical values of the parameters of the model show how the ferroelastic phase transition (T=260K) can occur in this crystal without any discernible effect on the specific heat and on the dielectric susceptibility.