Adhesive binders for layered alumopolymer composite materials

Results of studies of rheological and physico-mechanical properties of adhesive binders as components of adhesive prepregs based on glass fillers are presented. It was shown that VSK-14mR adhesive binder, which has low dynamic viscosity and high deformation and thermal strength characteristics, provides adhesive prepregs based on glass fiber rovings for layered alumopolymer composite materials.     

Cationic helicenes as selective G4 DNA binders and optical probes for cellular imaging

The important role that G-quadruplex DNA (G4 DNA) structures play in regulating biological processes is becoming widely recognised. These structures have also been proposed to be attractive drug targets. Therefore, there has been significant interest in developing small molecules that can selectively bind to G4 DNA over other topologies. In this paper we investigate the interaction between DNA and helical compounds (helicenes) based on a central carbocation trisubstituted with aromatic rings. We show that the non-planar structure of these helicenes results in a significantly reduced affinity for dsDNA when compared to their planar analogues, whilst maintaining a high affinity for G4 DNA. Additionally, the right- and left-handed enantiomers of one of these helicenes recognise the chiral DNA environments of G4 and dsDNA differently. We show that upon DNA binding the helicenes display a fluorescence switch-on effect, which we have successfully used for cellular imaging in live and fixed U2OS cells, staining mitochondria and the nucleus, respectively.

G-quadruplex DNA (G4 DNA) structures are selectively recognised by helical optical probes.     

Scaffold mining of kinase hinge binders in crystal structure database

Protein kinases are the second most prominent group of drug targets, after G-protein-coupled receptors. Despite their distinct inhibition mechanisms, the majority of kinase inhibitors engage the conserved hydrogen bond interactions with the backbone of hinge residues. We mined Pfizer internal crystal structure database (CSDb) comprising of several thousand of public as well as internal X-ray binary complexes to compile an inclusive list of hinge binding scaffolds. The minimum ring scaffolds with directly attached hetero-atoms and functional groups were extracted from the full compounds by applying a rule-based filtering procedure employing a comprehensive annotation of ATP-binding site of the human kinase complements. The results indicated large number of kinase inhibitors of diverse chemical structures are derived from a relatively small number of common scaffolds, which serve as the critical recognition elements for protein kinase interaction. Out of the nearly 4,000 kinase-inhibitor complexes in the CSDb we identified approximately 600 unique scaffolds. Hinge scaffolds are overwhelmingly flat with very little sp3 characteristics, and are less lipophilic than their corresponding parent compounds. Examples of the most common as well as the uncommon hinge scaffolds are presented. Although the most common scaffolds are found in complex with multiple kinase targets, a large number of them are uniquely bound to a specific kinase, suggesting certain scaffolds could be more promiscuous than the others. The compiled collection of hinge scaffolds along with their three-dimensional binding coordinates could serve as basis set for hinge hopping, a practice frequently employed to generate novel invention as well as to optimize existing leads in medicinal chemistry.     

Studies for a new generation of acrylic binders for exterior wood coatings

Modern acrylic binders for water-based exterior wood coatings should give films which are tack-free, hard and blocking resistant and at the same time very flexible to guarantee a long service life. This study shows that multiphase acrylic emulsions with controlled particle morphology give a means to overcome these contradictory requirements. Binder parameters such as polarity, particle size and surface functionality as well as the type and quantity of surfactants used in the process also have a strong influence on fundamental wood coating properties, such as water protection, blushing resistance, viscosity, wet adhesion and durability.     

Film binders for the RFI technology

Main principles of the RFI technology are described. Technological requirements for film binders are determined. The properties of the produced polymer co-composite materials are presented.     

Technologies of production of components of electric transmission line supports from epoxy binders by the winding method

Methods of production of large-scale articles from polymer composite materials (PCMs) are considered. It is shown that the technology of “wet” winding with the use of VSE-21 as a binder epoxy binder is most preferable.     

Bitumen-rubber composite binders for production of asphalt concretes

The dissolution of vulcanized rubber in bitumen in the presence of a devulcanizing additive and the formation of bitumen-rubber composites, which are promising binders for the production of asphalt concretes, were studied.     

New eco-friendly low-cost binders for Li-ion anodes

In the production of commercial Li-ion batteries, the active materials slurries are generally prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as binder because of its good adhesion properties and electrochemical stability. Unfortunately, there are some disadvantages related to the use of PVdF: the most important is the use of toxic and environmentally unfriendly solvents, such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), and the second is the high costs. In the light of these considerations, it seemed straightforward to investigate the suitability of some water-soluble, inexpensive, and eco-friendly materials to test as alternative binders (sodium alginate, chitosan tragacanth gum, gelatin). The rheological properties of these materials have been investigated in addition to the electrochemical characterization. Furthermore, graphite electrodes with PVdF, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) binders have been considered for sake of comparison. We found that some of these water-soluble binders, besides good electrochemical performances, showed a high adhesion to the current collector and a good electrochemical stability under the experimental conditions employed, which makes them interesting for the next generation of Li-ion batteries.     

Dimeric calixarenes: a new family of major-groove binders

A new class of potent DNA binding agents is presented. Dimeric calix[4]arenes with cationic groups at their upper rims and flexible alkyl bridges can be synthesized from triply acyl-protected calix[4]arene tetramines in relatively short synthetic sequences (3-5 steps). The compounds attach themselves to double-stranded nucleic acids in a noncovalent fashion, with micro- to nanomolar affinities. Guanidinium headgroups with their extended hydrogen-bonding "fingers" are more powerful than ammonium groups, and the benzylamine series is superior to the anilinium series (see below). The new ligands easily distinguish between RNA and various DNA types, and produce characteristic changes in UV/Vis, fluorescence, CD, as well as NMR spectra. Especially extended oligonucleotides of more than 100 base pairs are bound with affinities increasing from RNA (10?μM K(d))相似文献   

Synthesis of tungsten oxides with cellular structure

Being exposed to hydrochloric acid vapor, solutions of a surfactant and sodium tungstate form tungstic-acid-based materials with a structure representing a system of interpenetrating hollow spheres 2–8 μm in diameter constructed from lamellar H₂WO₄ crystals with a thickness of 80–200 nm. The reduction of the tungstic-acid-based material with hydrogen gives rise to the formation of a material based on tungsten(IV) oxide (WO₂), which retains the initial structure. The adsorption capacity of the tungstic-acid-based materials is determined with respect to benzene. The specific surface area of the obtained materials is 60–110 m²/g.     

Choice of polymer-bitumen binders for cast asphalt concrete mixes

Modification of bitumen with Kraton D1101 and D1192, Luprene LG 411 and 501, and DST-30-01 polymeric additives and the effect of these additives on the properties of cast asphalt concrete mixes were studied.     

Automated affinity selection for rapid discovery of peptide binders

In-solution affinity selection (AS) of large synthetic peptide libraries affords identification of binders to protein targets through access to an expanded chemical space. Standard affinity selection methods, however, can be time-consuming, low-throughput, or provide hits that display low selectivity to the target. Here we report an automated bio-layer interferometry (BLI)-assisted affinity selection platform. When coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS), this method enables both rapid de novo discovery and affinity maturation of known peptide binders with high selectivity. The BLI-assisted AS-MS technology also features real-time monitoring of the peptide binding during the library selection process, a feature unattainable by current selection approaches. We show the utility of the BLI AS-MS platform toward rapid identification of novel nanomolar (dissociation constant, K_D < 50 nM) non-canonical binders to the leukemia-associated oncogenic protein menin. To our knowledge, this is the first application of BLI to the affinity selection of synthetic peptide libraries. We believe our approach can significantly accelerate the use of synthetic peptidomimetic libraries in drug discovery.

This work reports an automated affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS) approach amenable to both de novo peptide binder discovery and affinity maturation of known binders in a high-throughput and selective manner.     

Capillary hydrodynamics of oligomer binders

In this work, we consider wetting and flow of oligomer binders for tissue fibers made of carbon and organic fibers. A correlation between the specific surface of fibers and strength of the boundary layers is established. The effect of fibers on structure formation of binders in the boundary layers is explained via the surface density of reticulation of fiber. The fibers with minimum surface reticulation exert a pronounced influence on the structure of binders, forming thicker and strong boundary layers.     

Dispersion of components and structure of elastomer system

Elastomer systems as a rule are composed of several ingredients dispersed or dissolved in the matrix. The main components are: crosslinking substances, accelerators, activators, fillers mineral and/or organic, softeners and antioxidants. A random distribution of above mentioned components and also structural elements of a network formed are usually postulated [1]. From the results of investigations performed in our laboratory it follows that this approach in some cases is oversimplified. The problem is illustrated by few examples and some of its aspects are discussed.     

Nano emulsion binders for paper coating synthesis and application

The key objectives of coating papers and paperboards are to improve their aesthetic appearance and printability. Coatings offer smoothness, gloss, brightness, and opacity to the base papers and provide them with enhanced printability, which requires resistance to ink splitting forces, smoothness, ink holdout and gloss, etc. Styrene acrylate latexes were synthesized, via emulsion polymerization, and were formulated as coats for white and brown recycled papers. Both processes were characterized specifically for offset printing. The prepared latexes showed enhanced solid content, viscosity, zeta potential and appropriate glass transition temperature for paper coating formulation. The porosity, gloss and Cobb60 values of coated papers increased with the increased addition of nano-emulsion modified latexes. The formulations afforded high printability (print gloss and print density) with local ground calcium carbonate compared with that of the imported pigment (kaolin). Furthermore, the synthesized binder had higher water resistance than the commercial one; which can tightly be correlated with print quality, printability and productivity and most significantly, permits usage of low viscous ink. Coated recycled brown base gave promising results with respect to print quality although offset printing was utilized. The novelty of this work was not only in employing the local alternative binder and local pigment but also in achieving compatibility with environmental regulations since oil-based inks and recycled papers were also used.     

Use of Adhesive for the Retention of a Rough-Surfaced Particle on a Solid Support

In a study of the rate of dissolution in water of a single detergent granule, an unexpected experimental artefact was encountered. The granule, attached to a solid support by adhesive, was found on dissolution to leave behind a thin shell or skin. The formation of this residue can be attributed to the capillarity-induced spreading of the uncured adhesive over much of the granule surface due to its irregular surface morphology. No such effect was found with smooth, spherical particles of comparable size. This residue would be likely to modify the observed dissolution process.     

Study of a PCM based energy storage system containing Ag nanoparticles

In this paper, organic phase change materials (PCM)/Ag nanoparticles composite materials were prepared and characterized for the first time. The effect of Ag nanoparticles on the thermal conductivity of PCM was investigated. 1-tetradecanol (TD) was selected as a PCM. A series of nano-Ag-TD composite materials in aqueous solution were in-situ synthesized and characterized by means of thermal conductivity evaluation method, TG-DSC, IR, XRD and TEM. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the composite material was enhanced as the loading of Ag nanoparticles increased. The composite materials still had relatively large phase change enthalpy. Their phase change enthalpy could be correlated linearly with the loading of TD, but their phase change temperature was a little bite lower than that of pure TD. The thermal stability of the composite materials was close to that of pure TD. It appeared that there was no strong interaction between the Ag nanoparticles and the TD. Furthermore, the experiment results indicated that the Ag nanoparticles dispersed uniformly in the materials, occurred in the forms of pure metal.