氧化铝水合物在聚苯乙烯上的覆盖

由两种或两种以上化合物组成的复合化合物均匀胶体位于制备越来越受到人们的重视[1-7]．作为复合粒子制备方法之一的覆盖技术，人们关注的多是一种无机化合物（金属，氧化物或盐）或有机物在另一种无机化合物上以壳状形式的沉积[3-7]，很少涉及在有机化合物或聚合物上覆盖问题[     

Efficient Oxidation of Alcohols with Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Aluminum Silicate Reagent

Summary. A new reagent, potassium permanganate adsorbed on aluminum silicate, suitable for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds is described.     

Alcohols as petrochemicals

Efficient processes have been developed in recent years for the large-scale manufacture of alcohols from petrochemicals. These allow production of aliphatic alcohols both with short and with long alkyl groups more economically than was previously possible by fermentation. In this paper the most important principles and the technical execution of the hydration of olefins, the air oxidation of paraffins, and especially the synthesis reactions (e.g. the catalytic hydroformylation of olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen according to Roelen, the Reppe synthesis, and the Ziegler growth reaction with ethylene and triethylaluminum) are described.     

XPS法测量铝箔表面氧化铝的厚度

介绍了一种无需溅射、无需变角，只需一次简单的ＸＰＳ（Ｘ射线光电子能谱）窄扫描，即可根据谱图中氧化态和金属态的相对强度算出铝金属表面氧化铝的厚度。用该法测量了一系列不同方法处理的铝表面氧比铝厚度，并与椭偏法及ＮＲＡ法（核反应分析法）测定结果进行了对比，结果表明，该法是一种简便准确的膜厚测量法。     

冷等离子体制备铝的氧化物膜

冷等离子体制备铝的氧化物膜张勇，周坤，曹伟民，文晓刚（中国科学院成都有机化学研究所，成都，６１００４１）氧化铝是一种重要的无机材料，在微电子工业、机械工业及化学工业等方面有着广泛的应用前景。采用冷等离子体制备的氧化铝膜具有独特的性能：采用干法制膜，升...     

Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols Under Solvent-Free Conditions

A green, efficient, and large-scale method for tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of pyridinium chloride at room temperature under solvent-free conditions is reported.     

Effect of Sulfation of Zirconia on Catalytic Performance in the Dehydration of Aliphatic Alcohols

Catalytic dehydration of 2‐propanol and that of 1‐butanol were performed at atmospheric pressure and 150–300°C over ZrO₂ and sulfated ZrO₂ (S/ZrO₂) in a fixed‐bed, tubular reactor. The catalysts were characterized with XRD, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, N₂ physisorption, TG/DTA, TPD, and TPR. The main structures of ZrO₂ and S/ZrO₂ were monoclinic and tetragonal, respectively. As ZrO₂ was modified with sulfuric acid, its surface area and acid amount were greatly increased, whereas the pore volume, the pore diameter, and the particle size were reduced. Both samples owned weak basicity. For both reactions, only dehydration products of alkene and ether were obtained. The alcohol conversion enhanced remarkably with the catalyst acid amount and the surface area as well as the reaction temperature. In addition, the ether selectivity on S/ZrO₂ decreased with raising the reaction temperature. The activation energy was 81.0 kJ/mol in the propene formation from 2‐propanol over S/ZrO₂. The corresponding value was 94.4 kJ/mol for the dehydration of 1‐butanol.     

Applying Aluminum Oxide Column Chromatography Purify Extracts of Cathuranthus Roseus and Simultaneous Determination of the Indole Alkaloids by HPLC

Indole alkaloid of Cathuranthus roseus was purified by applying aluminum oxide column chromatography and an HPLC method was established to determine it. Applying aluminum oxide column chromatography produced a high purified monomer of alkaloids; the extracts of indole alkaloid were then loaded on the neutral aluminum oxide column chromatography and washed with an organic solvent (a mixture of chloroform, ether, and petroleum ether). Effect of purification was the best when the proportion of chloroform, ether, and petroleum ether was 10:10:1. To determine the content of vindoline, vinblastine, and cathuranthine exactly, the mobile phase of HPLC was water (containing 0.005 mol·L^?1 ammonium hydrogen phosphate), methanol (containing 0.67% triethylamine), and acetonitrile, the proportion of each was nonlinear.     

甲醇缩合生成二甲醚的质谱和量子化学研究

利用质谱分析结果结合量子化学abinitio方法,研究甲醇缩合脱水的反应过程.研究表明,在气相中,甲醇分子主要以二聚体和多聚体的形式存在,据此提出甲醇脱水反应的原始反应物是甲醇二聚体,而不是单个甲醇分子.研究了气相甲醇二聚体、过渡态的能量和结构、甲醇脱水生成二甲醚反应的可能反应途径和反应势垒,对甲醇缩合脱水生成二甲醚的反应性及其影响因素作了讨论.     

An Efficient Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Aluminum Silicate under Solvent-free Conditions and Shaking

Summary. A new procedure for the selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones with potassium permanganate supported on aluminum silicate at room temperature under solvent-free conditions and shaking is reported.     

铅钛复合氧化物催化剂上CO水合制低碳醇

 用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同Pb/Ti摩尔比的铅钛复合氧化物催化剂,并用XRD,TPR和XPS等技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明,铅钛复合氧化物的比表面积随着样品中Pb含量的增加而减小. 氧化钛的添加对氧化铅的还原行为有较大影响, 随着复合氧化物中铅含量的增加,氧化铅的中温(~585 ℃)还原峰面积增大,而低温(~450 ℃)和高温(~640 ℃)还原峰面积减小. 铅钛复合氧化物应用于CO水合制低碳醇反应的结果表明,氧化钛的添加不但使醇产物中乙醇的选择性升高,副产物CO2的选择性下降, 而且使催化剂的稳定性有较大改善. 催化剂的活性中心被部分覆盖和PbTiO3催化剂中的Pb(Ⅱ)被部分还原为金属Pb都导致催化剂的失活. 将失活催化剂在空气中焙烧然后水洗,或者先水洗然后在空气中焙烧都可使其活性恢复到新鲜催化剂的水平.     

掺铝氧化锌纳米晶的超声-水热协同控制合成及其光催化性能

利用超声和水热的协同控制作用高效合成出了分散好、晶体结构完整、粒径尺寸约为20 nm的掺铝氧化锌(ZAO)纳米晶, 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计和热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)手段对产物形貌、结构、光学性质及前驱物的热性质进行了研究, 对其降解罗丹明B (RhB)的光催化效果和光催化降解机理进行了探讨. 由于超声和水热的协同作用, 有效控制了产物的粒径, 提高了产物的结晶度. 产物的紫外-可见光谱吸收峰出现在369 nm左右, 计算其带隙约为3.36 eV. 同超声法或水热法制备的产物相比, 超声-水热法制备的ZAO纳米产物具有更高的光催化活性, 从而使光催化降解时间缩短为原来的77.8%. ZAO纳米光催化剂能够回收再利用.     

Silica Chloride (SiO2-Cl) and Trimethylsilyl Chloride (TMSCl) Promote Facile and Efficient Dehydration of Tertiary Alcohols

Abstract

Silica chloride (SiO₂-Cl), as a heterogeneous reagent, has been used for the efficient dehydration of tertiary alcohols under mild reaction conditions. For comparison, we have also used trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) as a homogeneous reagent for this purpose. We have found that silica chloride is a more efficient reagnet than trimethylsilyl chloride for this purpose. Handling of SiO₂-Cl is much safer and easier than TMSCl, especially for large-scale operation. The selectivity of the method is also demonstrated by several competitive reactions. Ether formation, rearranged products, and polymerization have not been observed in the reactions.     

Manganese-Catalyzed Chemoselective Coupling of Secondary Alcohols,Primary Alcohols and Methanol

Herein, we report a manganese-catalyzed three-component coupling of secondary alcohols, primary alcohols and methanol for the synthesis of β,β-methylated/alkylated secondary alcohols. Using our method, a series of 1-arylethanol, benzyl alcohol derivatives, and methanol undergo sequential coupling efficiently to construct assembled alcohols with high chemoselectivity in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via methylation of a benzylated secondary alcohol intermediate to generate the final product.     

Selective Oxidation of Alcohols Using Benzyldimethyltelluronium Dichromate

Selective oxidation of benzylic, allylic, and saturated secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones by benzyldimethyltelluronium dichromate is described.     

Kinetics of Reactions of CCN Radical with Alcohols

The reaction kinetics of cyanomethylidyne radical, CCN( eX2Π), with a series of primary alcohols were studied at about 1.33 kPa total pressure and room temperature using pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence (LP/LIF) technique. The CCN radical was produced via laser photolysis of CCl3CN with the fourth harmonic output of a Nd: YAG laser (266 nm). The relative concentration of the CCN( eX2Π) radical was monitored by LIF in the (0, 0) band of the CCN( ~ A2￠? eX2Π) transition at 470.9 nm. Under pseudofirst-order conditions, the reaction rate constants of CCN( eX2Π) with a series of primary alcohol molecules (n-CnH2n+1OH, n=1-6) were determined by measuring the time evolution of the relative concentration of CCN( eX2Πi). The measured rate constants increased monotonously with the number of carbon atoms in the alcohols, and the values for reactions of CCN( eX2Π) with alcohols were larger than those for reactions of CCN( eX2Π) with alkanes (C1-C5). Based on the bond dissociation energies and linear free energy correlations, it was believed that the reactions of CCN( eX2Π) with alcohols proceeded via a hydrogen abstraction mechanism that was analogous to CCN( eX2Π) with alkanes. The experimental results indicated that the H atoms on the C-H bonds were activated at the presence of the OH group in alcohol molecules and the hydrogen abstraction from the C-H bonds in the alcohol molecules was the dominant reaction pathway. The relation between the rate constants and the long-distance attractive potentials between the CCN radical and the alcohol molecules was discussed.     

Acid-Catalysed Dehydration of Tricyclic Unsaturated Alcohols

The tricyclic alcohols 3–7 , derived from the corresponding ketones 1 and 2 (Scheme 1), by action of acids underwent dehydration with skeletal rearrangements. Dehydration of 3 and 4 with POCl₃/pyridine (procedure A) afforded the polycyclic hydrocarbons 9, 10 , and 12, 13 , respectively. With TsOH (procedure B), on the other hand, 3 and 4 gave homo-triquinacenes 10 and 14 respectively, as well as the polycyclic ethers 11 and 15 (Scheme 2). Hydrocarbon 9 (or 12 ) was converted into 10 FSO₃H to the tertiary alcohol 16 (Scheme 4). Plausible mechanisms for these transformations are summarized in Scheme 8. Dehydration of the secondary alcohols 5 and 7 was effected by procedure A. While treatment of alcohol 5 with POCl₃/pyridine yielded two isomeric hydrocarbons 17 and 18 , similar dehydration of its epimeric alcohol 7 afforded hydrocarbon 21 as the sole product. The tertiary alcohol 6 was dehydrated by both procedures to yield two isomeric hydrocarbons 19 and 20 (Scheme 5). Hydrocarbon 20 was converted into 19 by procedure B (mechanisms, Scheme 10). Reaction of ketone 2 with CF₃COOH gave the addition product 22 converted into vinylsulfonyl fluorides 24 and 25 by treatment with FSO₃H (Scheme 6). Homo-triquinacenes 10 and 14 reacted smoothly with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione to give the ‘ene’-reaction products 26 and 27 , respectively.     

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Aluminum Plate by Surface Etching and Fluorosilane Modification

Superhydrophobic aluminum surfaces with a high water contact angle and low sliding angle on aluminum plate substrate were fabricated by means of surface etching with sodium hydroxide under ultrasonic bathing and then modification with fluorosilane. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) showed a honeycomb-like structure on aluminum substrate surface after etching under ultrasonic bathing. And the surface was rendered from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity after further modification with fluorosilane.