Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-lentiginosine using a chiral aziridine based approach

The synthesis of the indolizidine alkaloid, (+)-lentiginosine, is described. A key feature of the preparative route is the efficient and stereoselective construction of a dihydroxylated pyrrolidine via Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of an aziridine-enoate, which was prepared from commercially available 1-(S)-α-methylbenzylaziridine-2-methanol. In addition, a regioselective aziridine-to-pyrrolidinone ring expansion process followed by a Wittig olefination was employed to construct a late stage pyrrolidine intermediate that was transformed into (+)-lentiginosine.     

Asymmetric synthesis IV. Preparation of chiral α-aminonitriles from a new N-cyanomethyl-1,3-oxazolidine synthon

The synthesis of (?)-N-Cyanomethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine $\text{1}$ is reported. Good yields and moderate diastereomeric excesses (d.e.s.) of mono- and di-substituted α-aminonitriles were obtained from this simple chiral template.     

Concise asymmetric synthesis of (+)-CP-99,994 and (+)-L-733,060 via efficient construction of homochiral syn-1,2-diamines and syn-1,2-amino alcohols

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of human NK-1 SP receptor antagonists (+)-CP-99,994 and (+)-L-733,060 was achieved starting from a common chiral intermediate (5). Our route featured the SmI2-induced reductive coupling of N-tert-butanesulfinyl imine (7) with aldehyde (6) as the key step as well as pivotal transformations of the anti-1,2-amino alcohol thus obtained to homochiral syn-1,2-amino alcohol and syn-1,2-diamine for the asymmetric synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted piperidines.     

Synthesis of (+)-L-733,060, (+)-CP-99,994 and (2S,3R)-3-hydroxypipecolic acid: application of an organocatalytic direct vinylogous aldol reaction

The γ-butenolide obtained from an organocatalyzed, direct vinylogous aldol reaction of γ-crotonolactone and benzaldehyde serves as the key starting material in the expedient synthesis of a 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl piperidine intermediate which is converted to the target 2,3-disubstituted piperidines.     

Asymmetric synthesis of the chiral synthon ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate using Lactobacillus kefir

Lactobacillus kefir was used as the whole cell biocatalyst for the asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloro acetoacetate 1 to the chiral synthon ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate 2. Ketoester 1 was obtained as micro-droplets, without the use of an organic solvent as substrate reservoir. 2 (1.2 M) was produced using 2-propanol as co-substrate with a final yield of 97% within 14 h. A high space-time yield and a high specific product capacity of 85.7 mmol/L h and of 24 mmol/g_DCW were measured. The enantiomeric excess of the (S)-alcohol 2 was 99.5%.     

Asymmetric synthesis of a chiral buckybowl, trimethylsumanene

The first asymmetric synthesis of a chiral buckybowl, a C3 symmetric (C)-8,13,18-trimethylsumanene (1), was achieved by employing a synthetic strategy that translates chirality at sp3 centers into bowl chirality. The synthesis features a syn selective cyclotrimerization of an enantiopure halonorbornene derivative, tandem ring-opening/closing olefin metathesis reactions, and DDQ oxidation at low temperature. The bowl-to-bowl inversion energy of 1 was determined as 21.6 kcal/mol by circular dichroism spectra measurement.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-cis-nemorensic acid from a chiral Diels-Alder adduct of 2,5-dimethylfuran

(+)-cis-Nemorensic acid was synthesized from a chiral Diels-Alder adduct prepared by a catalytic enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction with 2,5-dimethylfuran and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate.     

Stereoselective synthesis of a new chiral synthon: a cyclic pseudodipeptide containing an aspartic acid derivative and l-valine

A simple stereoselective synthesis of cyclic synthons 4a,b and 10a,b, derived from an l-valine unit and an unnatural derivative of the aspartic acid, has been accomplished starting from the chiral synthon 1 and following the procedure already reported by us for the synthesis of similar compounds. These cyclic synthons are interesting substrates because they can behave as both electrophiles and nucleophiles and could be useful starting materials for the preparation of higher peptides such as, for instance, the unnatural tetrapeptides 15 and 18, through the condensation of 4a with 6a or 13 with 17, respectively.     

Stereoselective synthesis of (+)-polyoxamic acid based on the synthesis of chiral oxazine

A concise, stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-polyoxamic acid was achieved. Starting from trans-oxazoline as a chiral building block, the key step involves diastereoselective oxazine formation catalyzed by palladium(0).     

Asymmetric synthesis of (−)- and (+)-kainic acid using a planar chiral amide as a chiral building block

Both enantiomers of kainic acid have been synthesized from enantioenriched planar chiral cyclic amide 2a. The C3 and C4 stereocenters in the pyrrolidine ring were constructed by transannular Cope rearrangement of 2a, and the carboxyl group at the C2 position was introduced through lithiation followed by a carboxylation in the presence of an external chiral ligand.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-isofebrifugine and (-)-sedacryptine from a common chiral nonracemic building block

The stereoselective syntheses of 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted 3-hydroxypiperidine alkaloids, (+)-isofebrifugine and (-)-sedacryptine, from a common, functionalized nonracemic bicyclic building block are achieved, demonstrating the flexibilty of the approach.     

SN2 reaction of 2-substituted 3-piperidinol mesylate with retention of configuration: application to the asymmetric synthesis of (2R,3S)-CP-99,994

Starting from protected (S)-3-hydroxyglutarimide 2a, the asymmetric synthesis of (2R,3S)-CP-99,994 8 was achieved. The crucial steps were a neighboring group participation leading to pyrrolidino-aziridinium intermediate 25 and the subsequent regioselective ring-opening reaction. In the case where neighboring group participation was not involved, only the eliminated product 15 was obtained.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (R)-(+)-2-methylbutan-1-ol,a chiral synthon for the preparation of optically active pheromones

Optically active (R)-(+)-2-methylbutan-1-ol (which is not commercially available) was prepared by a chemoenzymatic synthesis, in which the key step involved a reduction catalyzed by baker's yeast. The synthon was used in the synthesis of (R)-10-methyldodecan-1-yl acetate, the chiral methyl-branched pheromone of Adoxophyes sp.     

2H-Azirine 3-phosphonates: a new class of chiral iminodienophiles. Asymmetric synthesis of quaternary piperidine phosphonates

[reaction: see text] Diels-Alder reactions of enantiomerically enriched 2H-azirine 3-phosphonates and dienes stereoselectively furnish optically pure, bicyclic aziridine adducts that on hydrogenation afford the first examples of enantiopure quaternary piperidine phosphonates.     

Stereoselective synthesis of (+)-nephrosteranic acid, (+)-trans-cognac lactone, and (+)-trans-whisky lactone using a chiral cyclohexadienyl Ti compound

We present the stereoselective transfer of cyclohexadienyl from 3-metalated 1,4-cyclohexadienes to various aldehydes. Lewis-acid-mediated "allylation" of aldehydes by treatment with 3-silylated and 3-stannylated 1,4-cyclohexadienes could not be achieved with high diastereoselectivity. In contrast, cyclohexadienyl titanium compounds reacted with both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with good-to-excellent diastereoselectivities. Reaction of a chiral TADDOL-derived (TADDOL, 2,2-dimethyl-alpha,alpha,alpha',alpha'-tetraphenyl-1,3-dioxolandimethanol) cyclohexadienyl Ti derivative with various aldehydes led to the corresponding homoallylic alcohols with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Lower selectivities were obtained with chiral B-cyclohexadienyldiisopinocampheylborane. The 1,3-cyclohexadienes are very useful building blocks for the preparation of biologically important gamma-butyrolactones. Short efficient syntheses of (+)-nephrosteranic acid, (+)-trans-whisky lactone, and (+)-trans-cognac lactone by desymmetrization of 1,4-cyclohexadiene are described.     

Sulfinimine-derived 2,3-diamino esters in the asymmetric synthesis of piperidine (2S,3S)-(+)-CP-99,994

Sulfinimine-derived, differentially protected, 2,3-diamino esters are useful building blocks for the asymmetric synthesis of heterocycles and is illustrated by an efficient synthesis of amino piperidine (+)-CP-99,994.     

Asymmetric synthesis of 3-butylphthalide using isomannide and isosorbide as chiral auxiliaries

A new approach for asymmetric syntheses of (S) and (R)-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is presented.The diastereoselective addition of dibutylzinic to aromatic aldehyde 10 or 11 generated from isomannide-or isosorbide-derived chiral auxiliary afforded S-NBP or R-NBP in high optical yields.     

Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of a tri-substituted cyclopropyl chiral synthon: a practical method for preparation of chiral 1-alkoxycarbonyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane

An efficient method for the preparation of optically active enantiomers of 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 1 has been developed. Treatment of 1 with lipase Amano PS gave (1S,5R)-1-carboxy-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 4a which was converted to (1S,5R)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 1a with high enantiomeric purity (98.0% ee, 75% yield), while the (1R,5S)-lactone ester 1b remained intact. A simple procedure for the recovery of 4a from the reaction mixture was also established.