基于Demons算法改进的图像去噪模型研究

在Demons算法的基础上, 将扩散过程看作图像配准, 建立一种新的基于图像配准的Demons 去噪模型. 实验表明, 该模型去噪效果优于经典的Perona-Malik模型, 排除了模型的病态性. 考虑到新模型在图像去噪过程中仅靠梯度信息表示图像的局部特征还不完善, 故将水平集曲率作为控制图像结构的驱动力因素引入到此模型中, 提出了一种新的梯度和曲率双重驱动力的图像去噪模型. 分析和仿真结果表明, 两种新模型都可有效抑制噪声, 清晰度也有明显的提高, 其中双重驱动力的图像去噪模型去噪效果更具优越性.     

利用慢特征分析法提取层次结构系统中的外强迫

在大量真实的动力系统中,外部驱动力总是随时间发生变化,正是这种变化导致了非平稳行为的产生.因此,从此类系统的观测数据中提取和分析外强迫(也称驱动力)信号引起了人们越来越多的关注.慢特征分析法(slow feature analysis,SFA)是从非平稳时间序列中提取外强迫信息的一种有效算法.在其基础上利用变参数的Logistic映射产生的非平稳时间序列,通过数值试验进一步讨论了该方法的应用前景,并发展了一些相应的分析技术.试验结果表明,对于模型中包含两个时变驱动力参数的系统,经过一次SFA处理之后,可以进一步利用子波分析技术检索出外强迫信号中的两个参数;对于模型中有两个叠加驱动力层次的三层动力系统,可先通过一次SFA处理,提取出次慢层外强迫信号,对该信号进行二次SFA处理,可提取出最慢层外强迫信号.     

从单摆到混沌

 与速度无关的力,如保守力、驱动力、都不影响相元面积.以上结论对维数更高的相空间完全适用.(2)二维相图的通有特征行为庞加莱和瑞典数学家本迪克森(I.Bendixson)证明了,在二维相空间里动力学系统的特征行为只有图25中所示的集几种情况:源、汇和鞍点三种不动点,稳定和不稳定的两种极限环.它们的例子我们都已在§2和§3中遇到过了.     

Mg-Ni-Nd非晶合金晶化温度与晶化驱动力的预测

通过对Buschow提出的预测二元非晶态合金晶化温度的“最小空位”模型进行扩展,并进一步结合Miedema理论得到了一种预测三元非晶态合金晶化温度和晶化驱动力的理论方法.利用该方法计算了(Mg_70.6Ni_29.4)_1-xNd_{x(x＝5,10,15)非晶态合金的晶化温度、晶化驱动力以及晶化焓.其中晶化温度和晶化焓的理论预测值与实验值的相对误差分别小于8%和7%.同时发现较高的晶化驱动力会降低 关键词： 非晶态合金 晶化温度 晶化驱动力}     

外加正弦驱动力抑制一类分段光滑系统的混沌运动

针对含间隙碰撞振动的机械系统由于参数的改变，产生分叉和混沌运动，造成原稳定运行的系统产生异常振动时的故障消除方法展开研究.用外加正弦驱动力抑制混沌运动.提出了一种外加驱动力参数调节算法.该算法以原系统稳定运行时的可测状态量为希望目标，根据实际输出与希望目标的误差值，实时产生并逐步微调节至所需外加驱动力.通过对一个典型含间隙往复碰撞模型的数值仿真，检验了该方法的有效性. 关键词： 混沌抑制 碰撞振动 间隙 机械系统     

应变液晶的负压光效应和反式压光效应

介绍聚合物分散液晶和应变液晶概念,给出聚合物分散液晶调光玻璃的"正压光效应"、"负压光效应"和"反式压光效应"三种效应定义.实验制备出负压光效应和反式压光效应新型应变调光玻璃样品,测试样品散射态雾度90%以上,半透明态透光率接近30%.用偏光显微术研究压光效应原理,表明对样品施加垂面按压或拉伸的应力诱导作用会引起液晶微滴中液晶分子具有某些特殊排列方式,导致样品光学性质发生显著变化.建立垂面拉伸液晶微滴模型,计算模拟所绘出的图形与偏光显微镜照片独特花样十分相似,进而合理解释了实验现象.应变液晶压光效应研究具有聚合物分散液晶基础研究意义和开发非电控调光玻璃的实际应用价值.     

基于VOSET方法模拟并排气泡的上升过程

采用VOSET方法和耦合表面张力模型的N-S方程,模拟竖直通道内并排气泡对的上升过程,模拟与实验结果吻合较好.重点研究表面张力系数对并排气泡上升轨迹和速度的影响.结果表明,随着表面张力系数的变化,并排气泡对的上升过程出现三种类型:两气泡融合,两气泡反复靠近、远离但未融合,两气泡碰撞反弹后逐渐远离.在未融合的情况下,并排气泡对的上升轨迹关于通道中心线对称,左右两个气泡的上升速度基本一致,水平速度大小相同,方向相反.     

"受迫振动共振"演示实验的改进

高一物理新教材第九章第七节受迫振动共振中出现了三种频率：物体受迫振动的频率、驱动力的频率和物体的固有频率，对三种频率的理解学生感到困难；其次，对共振曲线的理解也感到很抽象。为此，对本节演示实验进行了较科学的改进，收到了很好的效果。     

琴弦在点驱动力作用下受迫振动的研究

利用Dirac δ函数构建了无阻尼琴弦在周期性点驱动力作用下的受迫振动方程,给定边界条件并对其进行求解.导出了该模型解的具体形式,并分析了外加驱动力的频率对体系振幅的影响.发现了共振、反共振以及伪共振现象,确定了3种现象发生的条件.并设计实验对共振与伪共振现象的发生条件进行验证,实验结果与理论预期相符合.     

水下等离子体声源的冲击波负压特性

基于修正的Rayleigh气泡脉动方程对水下等离子体声源放电产生的 强声冲击波的传播过程进行了分析; 利用Euler方程作为控制方程组, 建立了水下等离子体声源的聚束声场模型, 通过仿真计算获得的传播云图对冲击波负压的形成机理进行了直观的理论分析. 结果表明: 经过聚能反射罩反射汇聚得到的聚束波在反射稀疏波和水的惯性作用下, 聚束波周围水域产生了拉伸, 形成负压区, 如果拉伸力大于水的抗拉上限, 就会使得水中形成不连续现象, 即出现空化气泡; 此外聚能罩边缘处产生的衍射波进一步加剧了负压的产生, 边缘衍射波最终与拉伸波叠加, 使冲击波负压达到最大值; 通过对比仿真波形和实验波形, 从而验证和进一步揭示了冲击波负压的形成原因. 研究结果对认识水下冲击波的传播规律和进一步改进等离子体声源的设计具有指导意义. 关键词： 等离子体声源 冲击波负压 聚束声场模型 气泡     

Current and efficiency optimization under oscillating forces in entropic barriers

The transport of externally overdriven particles confined in entropic barriers is investigated under various types of oscillating and temporal forces.Temperature,load,and amplitude dependence of the particle current and energy conversion efficiency are investigated in three dimensions.For oscillating forces,the optimized temperature–load,amplitude–temperature,and amplitude–load intervals are determined when fixing the amplitude,load,and temperature,respectively.By using three-dimensional plots rather than two-dimensional ones,it is clearly shown that oscillating forces provide more efficiency compared with a temporal one in specified optimized parameter regions.Furthermore,the dependency of efficiency to the angle between the unbiased driving force and a constant force is investigated and an asymmetric angular dependence is found for all types of forces.Finally,it is shown that oscillating forces with a high amplitude and under a moderate load lead to higher efficiencies than a temporal force at both low and high temperatures for the entire range of contact angle.     

Chaos and irreversibility in simple model systems

The multifractal link between chaotic time-reversible mechanics and thermodynamic irreversibility is illustrated for three simple chaotic model systems: the Baker Map, the Galton Board, and many-body color conductivity. By scaling time, or the momenta, or the driving forces, it can be shown that the dissipative nature of the three thermostated model systems has analogs in conservative Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics. Links between the microscopic nonequilibrium Lyapunov spectra and macroscopic thermodynamic dissipation are also pointed out. (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.     

Model study on steady heat capacity in driven stochastic systems

We explore two- and three-state Markov models driven out of thermal equilibrium by non-potential forces, to demonstrate basic properties of the steady heat capacity based on the concept of quasistatic excess heat. It is shown that large enough driving forces can make the steady heat capacity negative. For both the low- and high-temperature regimes we propose an approximative thermodynamic scheme in terms of “dynamically renormalized” effective energy levels.     

单压吸收式制冷系统中驱动装置的研究进展

文中介绍了单压吸收式制冷系统中驱动装置的主要类型,并分别阐述了几种主要驱动装置的研究进展。以导流式气泡泵为例,对其性能进行了简单的实验研究。总结了三种驱动装置之间的联系,对目前驱动装置研究所面临的部分问题进行了分析,并提出了展望。     

Multi-frequency excitation of stiffened triangular plates for large amplitude oscillations

Free and forced vibrations of triangular plate are investigated. Diverse types of stiffeners were attached onto the plate to suppress the undesirable large-amplitude oscillations. The governing equation of motion for a triangular plate, based on the von Kármán theory, is developed and the nonlinear ordinary differential equation of the system using Galerkin approach is obtained. Closed-form expressions for the free undamped and large-amplitude vibration of an orthotropic triangular elastic plate are presented using the two well-known analytical methods, namely, the energy balance method and the variational approach. The frequency responses in the closed-form are presented and their sensitivities with respect to the initial amplitudes are studied. An error analysis is performed and the vibration behavior, as well as the accuracy of the solution methods, is evaluated. Different types of the stiffened triangular plates are considered in order to cover a wide range of practical applications. Numerical simulations are carried out and the validity of the solution procedure is explored. It is demonstrated that the two methods of energy balance and variational approach have been quite straightforward and reliable techniques to solve those nonlinear differential equations. Subsequently, due to the importance of multiple resonant responses in engineering design, multi-frequency excitations are considered. It is assumed that three periodic forces are applied to the plate in three specific positions. The multiple time scaling method is utilized to obtain approximate solutions for the frequency resonance cases. Influences of different parameters, namely, the position of applied forces, geometry and the number of stiffeners on the frequency response of the triangular plates are examined.     

Numerical calculations of the driving force on an Abrikosov vortex

The driving force on an Abrikosov vortex is calculated numerically from the London equation and involved energies for a vortex perpendicular to the screening current near the surface of a superconductor. Compared with previous analytical derivation of the total force, the partial magnetic, kinematic, and external forces are also obtained so that the nature of the driving force may be deeply discussed. It is shown that the force is neither a Lorentz force nor a Magnus force as often believed and that in order to get a correct result, the image effects and the work done by the applied field must be taken into account. A name of London force is suggested for the driving force. A deep understanding of the nature of the driving force on Abrikosov vortices may also be important in the study of vortex pinning and dynamics in type-II superconductors.     

Numerical investigation of the translational motion of bubbles: The comparison of capabilities of the time-resolved and the time-averaged methods

In the present study, the accuracies of two different numerical approaches used to model the translational motion of acoustic cavitational bubble in a standing acoustic field are compared. The less accurate but less computational demanding approach is to decouple the equation of translational motion from the radial oscillation, and solve it by calculating the time-averaged forces exerted on the bubble for one acoustic cycle. The second approach is to solve the coupled ordinary differential equations directly, which provides more accurate results with higher computational effort. The investigations are carried out in the parameter space of the driving frequency, pressure amplitude and equilibrium radius. Results showed that both models are capable to reveal stable equilibrium positions; however, in the case of oscillatory solutions, the difference in terms of translational frequency may be more than three fold, and the amplitude of translational motion obtained by the time-averaged method is roughly 1.5 times higher compared to the time-resolved solution at particular sets of parameters. This observation implies that where the transient behaviour is important, the time-resolved approach is the proper choice for reliable results.     

Planarization process of single crystalline silicon asperity under abrasive rolling effect studied by molecular dynamics simulation

In the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, the complex behaviors of abrasive particles play important roles in the planarization of wafer surface. Particles embedded in the pad remove materials by ploughing, while particles immersed in the slurry by rolling across the wafer surface. In this paper, processes of the particle rolling across a silicon surface with an asperity under various down forces and external driving forces were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. The simulations clarified the asperity shape evolution during the rolling process and analyzed the energy changes of the simulation system and the interaction forces acted on the silica particle. It was shown that both the down force and the driving force had important influences on the amount of the material removed. With relatively small down forces and driving forces applied on the particle, the material removal occurred mainly in the front end of the asperity; when the down forces and driving forces were large enough, e.g., 100?nN, the material removal could take place at the whole top part of the asperity. The analysis of energy changes and interaction forces provided favorable explanations to the simulation results.