共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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21世纪将对材料研究提出更高的要求。根据使用上的要求对材料进行剪裁与设计是材料研究的必由之路。在材料研究中必需考虑材料的可靠性、可使用性、材料的制作成本和它的市场前景。不宜放松材料的基础研究,应大力开展材料的应用研究和对现有材料的改进给予充分的重视。下一世纪值得研究的新材料是:多相复合材料、纳米材料、生物医用材料、生物医用材料、环境和能源材料以及机敏材料。 相似文献
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磁性材料进展 总被引:40,自引:0,他引:40
磁性材料大体上分为两类 :其一为铁磁有序的金属磁性材料 ;其二绝大多数为亚铁磁有序、具有半导体导电性质的非金属磁性材料 .5 0年代以前 ,金属磁性材料占绝对优势 ;5 0年代以后 ,非金属磁性材料发展成为磁性材料的主流 ,除电力工业用的高饱和磁化强度FeSi合金外 ,铁氧体几乎应用于各个领域 .历史似乎按螺旋形的方式发展 ,90年代后 ,金属磁性材料又以新的面貌出现 ,3d (4f,4d ,5d ,5f… )合金与化合物、非晶、纳米微晶磁性材料重领风骚 ,其性能远超越铁氧体 .纳米磁性材料将成为新的功能材料 .文章重点介绍了永磁材料与软磁材料 ,其他如磁记录材料、磁致冷材料、磁致伸缩材料等将作简单介绍 . 相似文献
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智能材料——材料科学发展新趋势 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
材料的智能化代表了材料科学发展的最新方向,智能材料的研究主要是依照仿生学方法,采用各种先进复合技术,实现复杂材料体系的多功能复合,并最终实现材料智能能化和器件集成化,文章在简要介绍有关材料概念的基础上,总结了智能材料的设计思想,路线及合成技术途径,综述了最近国内外有关智能材料的发展动向及研究进展,指出了一些应用背景及现在面临的问题。 相似文献
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Nanocrystalline materials, with a grain size of typically <100 nm, are a new class of materials with properties vastly different
from and often superior to those of the conventional coarse-grained materials. These materials can be synthesized by a number
of different techniques and the grain size, morphology, and composition can be controlled by controlling the process parameters.
In comparison to the coarse-grained materials, nanocrystalline materials show higher strength and hardness, enhanced diffusivity,
and superior soft and hard magnetic properties. Limited quantities of these materials are presently produced and marketed
in the US, Canada, and elsewhere. Applications for these materials are being actively explored. The present article discusses
the synthesis, structure, thermal stability, properties, and potential applications of nanocrystalline materials.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Heitzinger F. Kippenberg H. Saeger K.E. Schroder K.-H. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1993,21(5):447-453
A survey is given of the various types of contact materials presently produced in Europe for application in vacuum switchgear. The materials discussed comprise tungsten-base and molybdenum-base materials, as well as copper-iron and copper-chromium materials. The production techniques currently practiced are described, and the resulting properties of the materials are discussed with regard to the requirements of the different types of application 相似文献
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In the last decade, the rise of two-dimensional(2D) materials has attracted a tremendous amount of interest for the entire field of photonics and opto-electronics. The mechanism of light–matter interaction in 2D materials challenges the knowledge of materials physics, which drives the rapid development of materials synthesis and device applications. 2D materials coupled with plasmonic effects show impressive optical characteristics, involving efficient charge transfer, plasmonic hot electrons doping, enhanced light-emitting, and ultrasensitive photodetection. Here, we briefly review the recent remarkable progress of 2D materials, mainly on graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, focusing on their tunable optical properties and improved opto-electronic devices with plasmonic effects. The mechanism of plasmon enhanced light–matter interaction in 2D materials is elaborated in detail, and the state-of-the-art of device applications is comprehensively described. In the future, the field of 2D materials holds great promise as an important platform for materials science and opto-electronic engineering, enabling an emerging interdisciplinary research field spanning from clean energy to information technology. 相似文献