An approach to the Paal-Knorr pyrroles synthesis catalyzed by Sc(OTf)3 under solvent-free conditions

A facile synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles by the Paal-Knorr condensation has been accomplished using a simple procedure. Among different metal triflates screened, 1 mol % Sc(OTf)₃ efficiently promoted the reaction to give excellent yield (89-98%) under mild reaction conditions. Additionally, Sc(OTf)₃ could be recovered easily after the reactions and reused without evident loss in activity.     

Silica sulfuric acid (SSA) as a solid acid heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot synthesis of substituted pyrroles under solvent-free conditions at room temperature

A variety of N-substituted pyrroles have been synthesized by reacting γ-diketones with amines, diamines or triamine in the presence of silica sulfuric acid (SSA) at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The experiment protocol features simple operations, and the products are isolated in high to excellent yields (70-98%).     

A catalyst- and solvent-free three-component reaction for the regioselective one-pot access to polyfunctionalized pyrroles

A facile method for the regioselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles, from readily accessible 1,3-dicarbonyls, benzoin derivatives and ammonium acetate, has been developed. The one-pot three-component reactions were performed to afford tetrasubstituted pyrroles under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions.     

A convenient aminolysis of esters catalyzed by 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) under solvent-free conditions

Aminolysis of esters by using the organocatalyst 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) is reported. Secondary and tertiary amides were synthesized from alkyl or aryl esters with a variety of primary and secondary amines in good to excellent yields (60-94%) under solvent-free conditions (SFC).     

Yb（OTf）3-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles under solvent-free conditions

A Yb(OTf)_3-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of pyrroles under solvent-free conditions was achieved,which could afford the desired products with yields ranged from moderate to excellent.     

One-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidiones catalyzed by strontium(II) triflate under solvent-free conditions

A simple, efficient and practical procedure for the Biginelli reaction using strontium(II) triflate [Sr(OTf)₂] as a novel catalyst is described under solvent-free conditions in high yields. The catalyst exhibited remarkable reactivity and it is reusable. Some of dihydropyrimidiones showed strong pesticidal activity.     

An approach to the Paal–Knorr pyrroles synthesis in the presence of β-cyclodextrin in aqueous media

An efficient and facile method for the synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles in moderate to good yields by the Paal–Knorr reaction of γ-diketones with amines in the presence of β-cyclodextrin in aqueous media has been developed.Moreover,this process tolerated diamines(e.g.,para-,meta- or orthophenylenediamine)to construct bis-pyrrole or mono-pyrrole derivates.β-Cyclodextrin can be recovered easily after the reactions and reused without evident loss in activity.     

无溶剂条件下碳基固体酸催化一锅法合成酰胺烷基萘酚(英文)

An efficient, environmentally friendly procedure for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols through the one‐pot, three‐component reaction of β‐naphthol, aryl aldehydes, and acetamide in the presence of a carbon‐based solid acid under thermal solvent‐free conditions is described. The beneficial fea-tures of this new synthetic approach include short reaction time, high yields, clean reaction profiles, and a simple work‐up procedure. Furthermore, the catalyst can be readily recycled and reused four times without obvious significant loss of activity. The structure of the catalyst was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, and X‐ray diffraction.     

A straightforward highly efficient Paal-Knorr synthesis of pyrroles

A straightforward simple synthesis of substituted pyrroles using bismuth nitrate-catalyzed modified Paal-Knorr method has been accomplished with an excellent yield. This method produces pyrroles with multicyclic aromatic amines.     

Facile synthesis and characterization of new polymerizable conjugated 2,5-di(selenophen-2-yl)pyrroles and 2,5-difuranylpyrroles

A facile synthesis of novel π-conjugated 2,5-di(selenophen-2-yl)pyrroles (SeNSe) and 2,5-difuranylpyrroles (ONO) via Paal-Knorr reaction as the key step is presented. Photophysical and electrochemical studies of the various products have been explored. A bathochromic shift of the emission maximum is observed for all SeNSes over ONOs. Extended conjugation with a phenyl moiety further promotes the bathochromic shift. These SeNSe and ONO derivatives exhibit lower oxidation potentials than their terselenophene and terthiophene analogues.     

无溶剂条件下三聚氰胺-Br_3催化一锅法合成1-氨基烷基-2-萘酚(英文)

A facile and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols via the one-pot multi-component condensation of 2-naphthol with aromatic aldehydes and acetamide or thioacetamide in the presence of melamine-Br3 under solvent-free conditions. There are several advantages to this reaction, including high yields, short reaction time, and high catalytic efficiency.     

Pyrrole synthesis in ionic liquids by Paal-Knorr condensation under mild conditions

Paal-Knorr condensation of 2,5-hexandione with primary amines was successfully carried out in ionic liquids. Through investigating different ionic liquids, different reaction times, the reaction, using ionic liquids as solvent, exhibited simple product isolation procedure, improved yields and exclusive selectivity and the mild conditions and the avoidance of using toxic catalysts are also its special features. Recovery and reuse of ionic liquid are also satisfactory.     

Oxalic acid catalyzed solvent-free one pot synthesis of coumarins

Oxalic acid was found to be an efficient catalyst for Pechmann condensation,which includes the reaction between phenols andβ-keto esters leading to formation of coumarin derivatives.The advantages of present methods are the use of cheap and easy available catalyst,solvent-free reaction conditions,better yields and shorter reaction time.     

A green and convenient protocol for the synthesis of diarylmethanes via a one-pot,three-component reaction catalyzed by a novel silica tungstic acid (STA) under solvent-free conditions

A cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis of diarylmethanes derivatives has been developed through the Mannich type Friedel–Crafts addition reaction of tertiary aromatic amine formaldehydes with β-naphthol/indole using silica-supported tungstic acid (STA) as a recyclable heterogeneous acid catalyst in solvent-free condition. Here, we proposed two schemes using the same catalyst. The effects of different solvents have been studied and a comparison of silica-supported tungstic acid with different acid catalysts has also been made.     

Meglumine sulfate catalyzed solvent-free one-pot synthesis of coumarins under microwave and thermal conditions

A convenient method has been developed for the Pechmann reaction of phenols and β-keto esters catalyzed by meglumine sulfate. Solvent-free conditions, inexpensive catalyst, short reaction times, high yield, and ease of purification of the products are the advantages of this protocol. This novel catalytic system is expected to contribute to the development of more benign Pechmann condensation reactions of phenols with β-keto esters.     

A practical and convenient Blanc-type chloromethylation catalyzed by zinc chloride under solvent-free conditions

Chloromethylation of various aromatic hydrocarbons and substituted phenolic derivatives with dimethoxymethane and chlorosulfonic acid was carried out in the presence of 10?mol% of ZnCl₂ in a mild and efficient manner under solvent-free conditions. In addition, 2,6-dimethyltyrosine was synthesized in high yield via this protocol.     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成醋酸正丁酯的动力学研究

以强酸性阳离子交换树脂Amberlyst 15作为催化剂,研究了醋酸与正丁醇合成醋酸正丁酯的反应动力学;考察了搅拌速度、催化剂粒径、温度、催化剂用量,以及酸醇物质的量之比对醋酸转化率的影响;建立了拟均相动力学模型,对实验数据进行了拟合,并估算了相应的动力学参数.结果表明,由拟均相动力学模型得到的计算值与实验值吻合较好.     

Boric acid as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,1-diacetate under solvent-free condition

Boric acid (BO₃H₃) is an inexpensive, efficient and mild catalyst for the synthesis of 1,1-diacetate (acylal) from the various aromatic and heteroaryl aldehydes with acetic anhydride at room temperature under solvent-free condition. The present method does not involve any hazardous organic solvents or catalysts. This method gives notable advantages such as excellent chemoselectivity, mild reaction condition, short reaction times and excellent yield.     

利用Paal-Knorr反应在无催化剂和溶剂条件下合成吡咯衍生物

Paal-Knorr合成法是一个常见的吡咯合成方法。本文报道了无需使用任何催化剂和溶剂,在室温条件下多种胺(包括脂肪胺、芳香胺)和2,5-己二酮发生Paal-Knorr缩合反应,且合成的吡咯衍生物产率较高。这种合成方法具有反应条件温和、实验操作步骤简单以及产物容易分离等优点,具有一定的实用价值。