在线分析技术在中国的发展

在线分析技术由于其具有实时、准确、高效的特点,近年来得到快速发展,已被广泛应用于环境、矿业、冶金、生物医药和食品等领域。重点介绍了国内X射线荧光光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱、瞬发γ中子活化、双能量γ射线透射、原子荧光光谱、近红外光谱和质谱法等在线分析技术近十年来的发展和应用情况,并对在线分析技术未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

在线分析技术在中国的发展

在线分析技术由于其具有实时、准确、高效的特点,近年来得到快速发展,已被广泛应用于环境、矿业、冶金、生物医药和食品等领域。重点介绍了国内X射线荧光光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱、瞬发γ中子活化、双能量γ射线透射、原子荧光光谱、近红外光谱和质谱法等在线分析技术近十年来的发展和应用情况,并对在线分析技术未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

有机化学实验课程在线测试与学习平台的开发与实践

通过设计开发有机化学实验课程在线测试与学习平台改进有机化学实验教学。平台基于开源考试系统设计开发,可自适应多种终端和操作系统,无需单独安装客户端。构建符合有机化学实验教学目标和需求的实验能力评测指标体系,并在此基础上搭建平台、建设标准化试题库和教学资源库。平台除了具备考试系统的基本功能外,还可以根据测试结果推送相关学习资源,实现个性化精准教学。实践证明,平台可以帮助学生掌握实验知识,帮助教师了解教学效果。     

食源性致病菌等温扩增检测技术的研究进展

快速可靠的食源性致病菌检测方法是保障食品安全的关键。然而,传统培养法的检测周期过于冗长,无法适应对时间敏感度较高的现场或在线检测。为此,研究人员开发了多种以快速和高灵敏度为主要特征的等温扩增技术及相应的检测产品,为食源性致病菌的现场或在线检测提供了强有力的技术支撑。该文对环介导等温扩增、滚环扩增、链置换扩增、切口酶信号扩增、核酸外切酶Ⅲ辅助扩增5种等温扩增方法的原理及其优缺点进行了梳理和比较。在此基础上,分析了等温扩增方法在细菌活性识别、非特异性扩增、前处理效率、检测通量4个方面所遇到的共性问题,并结合作者已有工作,提出了解决这些问题的方法或策略。     

应用于冲蚀临界特性在线监测的电化学测试探头

公开号:CN201199222公开日:2009.02.25申请人:浙江理工大学摘要本实用新型公开了一种应用于冲蚀临界特性在线监测的电化学测试探头。在螺纹固定件螺纹端中心开有凹槽嵌入工作电极;凹槽外的螺纹固定件螺纹端开有环形槽嵌入辅助电极;在环形槽内开有圆孔并嵌入绝缘套塞,绝缘套塞孔中嵌入参比电极,三个电极组成的探头分别用导线与恒电位仪相联接,恒电位仪接工控机。将测试探头旋入待测管道开孔处,然后将预腐蚀的工作电极端面朝向被测流体,通过工控计算机实时绘制流速与腐蚀电流等相关曲线。当流体介质的流速达到一定值时,恒电位仪的电流曲线会发生突变,可认为腐蚀产物保护膜已经冲破并达到冲蚀临界速率,实现在线监测。研究不同因素对材料抗冲蚀性能的影响规律,为管道的设计、选材和寿命评估提供依据。应用于冲蚀临界特性在线监测的电化学测试探头     

在线近红外光谱测试醇烯比闭环控制系统研制成功

不久前，燕山石化橡胶事业部MTBE合成装置在线近红外光谱测试醇烯比闭环控制系统开发技术通过了燕山石化公司科学技术成果评定。     

“高考化学非智力因素测练”系统的设计与实现——化学学业在线测试与评价新方式

从历年高考生的答题情况及高三复习需求出发,提出“化学非智力因素”的概念;同时,结合信息技术与教育技术的共同发展趋势,设计与开发出以培养学生“化学非智力因素”、提高高考成绩为目的的“高考化学非智力因素测练网”.介绍了网站的特点和操作流程,并针对网站的学习效果进行实践研究,比较网站的“在线测试”功能与传统纸笔测试对学生化学智力与非智力水平的训练成效之间的差异性,进而对网站的应用前景做了展望.     

高灵敏测试技术能查出疾病初期信号

英国伦敦帝国理工学院和西班牙维哥大学科学家联合开发出一种高灵敏的测试技术,能在疾病最初期就查出相关信号。研究论文发表在2012年5月27日的《自然·材料》上。疾病早期检测,为症状恶化前遏制疾病提供了机会。最新生物传感器能在分子浓度很低的情况下探测出表征某种疾病的特殊分子。论文高级作者、伦敦帝国理工学院材料与生物工程系教授莫利·斯蒂芬说：“对很多疾病而言,想用现有技术发现早期信号就像大海里捞针。而新测试技术确实能找到那根针。”     

基于电驱动在线快速分离富集技术的研究进展

样品前处理能将待测物从复杂基质中预先分离富集出来,以提高分析方法的灵敏度、选择性和准确性,是复杂样品分析的关键步骤。样品前处理是一个非自发的、从无序到有序的熵减过程,不仅费时费力,还极易引起误差。向体系输入能量和降低体系熵值可以增强分离富集效果,加快样品制备过程。将电场引入在线样品前处理,既能向体系做功,又能驱动样品定向迁移,使前处理的熵减过程快速顺利进行,是快速样品制备的有效途径。基于电驱动的在线分离富集技术综合了多种加速策略:(1)以电场形式向体系输入能量,加速传质和传热过程;(2)采用电渗流、电泳等电驱动定向流实现样品在分离、富集、检测各步骤之间的定向迁移,保证样品前处理与检测顺利进行;(3)利用在线联用技术集成样品前处理与分析检测各步骤,从而提高自动化程度,减少人为误差;(4)通过微型化装置或微萃取方法提高样品制备效率,缩短样品制备时间。该文总结了近10年与基于电驱动的在线快速分离富集技术相关的90多篇文献,综述了该技术领域的研究进展,探讨了电驱动毛细管在线快速分离富集技术、电驱动芯片在线快速分离富集技术和电驱动膜萃取在线分离富集技术各自的优势和潜力,并展望了该类技术的发展与应...     

The Use of Non-Splitting Injection Techniques for Trace Analysis in Narrow-Bore Capillary Gas Chromatography

The use of hot splitless, cold splitless, and on-column injections for trace analysis in narrow-bore capillary GC is evaluated. Despite the low flow rates for the columns used, the required splitless times for splitless injections can be surprisingly short if liners with a small inside diameter are used. On-column injection can be applied by using an appropriate normal-bore precolumn coupled to the narrow-bore analytical column using a specially designed low dead volume column connector. The effects of the experimental conditions such as sample volume, injection temperature, and initial oven temperature on peak focusing and the discrimination and degradation behavior of the analytes are discussed. The possibilities to obtain sensitive and fast separations are illustrated by various applications.     

Microfabricated electroosmotic pump for capillary-based sequential injection analysis

A microfabricated electroosmotic pump with an integrated serpentine isolation channel was developed on a glass chip and applied to a capillary-based sequential injection analysis (SIA) system for an enzyme inhibition assay. The pump chip contains an anode reservoir, an ion-exchange membrane electric field decoupler (EFD) that also serves as a cathode reservoir, parallel pump channels and an isolation channel. A two-step etching process was adopted to etch the pump channels to a depth of 20 μm and the isolation channel to a depth of 90 μm. The pump flow rate was very stable: the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the pump rate was 1.9% for propulsion and 2.3% for aspiration. The pump chip was successfully applied to a capillary-based sequential injection analysis system with a confocal fluorescence detector. For repetitive analysis of a 13 μM fluorescein solution, an RSD of 0.6% was attained, which demonstrated the flow stability of the EOF pump. The system was then applied to an enzyme inhibition assay, the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) inhibition of the β-galactosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of fluorescein di(β-d-galactopyranoside). Reproducible results (RSD<3.0%) were obtained.     

Field‐amplified sample injection combined with CE for the enantiodetermination of cathinones in urine samples

This work presents a capillary electrophoresis methodology for the enantiodetermination of cathinones in urine employing a liquid–liquid extraction sample pretreatment. The cathinones were enantioseparated by adding a mixture of 8 mM 2‐hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin and 5 mM β‐cyclodextrin to the background electrolyte, which consists of 70 mM of monosodium phosphate aqueous solution at pH 2.5. Field‐amplified sample injection was used as preconcentration strategy to improve the sensitivity. We studied various parameters that affect this stacking strategy, in particular, the sample solvent and its pH, the presence or absence of a low conductivity solvent plug introduced before the sample injection, the nature and volume of this plug, and the voltage and time of the electrokinetic injection of the sample. The optimum conditions were achieved by injecting a plug of isopropanol:H₂O 50/50 at 50 mbar for 5 s prior to the electrokinetic injection of the sample prepared in an aqueous solution of HCl 10^?6 M. The sensitivity enhancement factors were from 562 to 601 in terms of peak area and from 444 to 472 in terms of peak height. The method was validated by analyzing spiked urine samples, obtaining a linear range of 25 to 1000 ng/mL and limits of detection ranging from 15 to 45 ng/mL.     

The development of sequential injection analysis coupled with lab-on-valve for copper determination

A sequential injection analysis (SIA) using lab-on-valve with air segmentation and spectrophotometric detection was designed for copper(II) determination. It is based on the reaction of copper(II) and 2-carboxy-2′-hydroxy-5′-sulfoformazyl benzene (Zincon) in a weak alkaline solution between the air zones. Beer's Law was obeyed over the range of 0.1-2.0 mg L⁻¹ copper(II) with a correlation coefficient 0.9985 and a slope of 0.2893 absorbance unit/mg L⁻¹. The relative standard deviation was 2.0% for a series of 10 measurements of 0.5 mg L⁻¹ copper(II) solution. The detection limit (3 S/N) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.05 and 0.17 mg L⁻¹ respectively. This method has been successfully applied to determination of copper(II) in wastewater with a sample throughput of 120 h⁻¹. The method is superior to the batchwise method in that it provides fully automation, rapidity, less reagents and sample consumption with little waste generation.     

高氯酸-硫酸消化植物样品防止氮素损失的研究

本文研究利用加纯水缓冲的方法,使H_2SO_4-HClO_4消煮液的氧化能力随消化时间的推移而逐渐增强,与植物材料分解前易后难的规律相吻合,有效地防止了氮在消煮过程中的损失。比较表明,该方法准确度和精密度都达到K氏法水平,同时还具有操作简便、省时,对磷和钾的测定无干扰等特点,尤其适用于作物诊断样中氮、磷、钾的联合消化。     

The use of a polymer inclusion membrane for separation and preconcentration of orthophosphate in flow analysis

A highly sensitive flow analysis system has been developed for the trace determination of reactive phosphate in natural waters, which uses a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) with Aliquat 336 as the carrier for on-line analyte separation and preconcentration. The system operates under flow injection (FI) and continuous flow (CF) conditions. Under optimal FI conditions the system is characterised by a linear concentration range between 0.5 and 1000 μg L⁻¹ P, a sampling rate of 10 h⁻¹, a limit of detection of 0.5 μg L⁻¹ P and RSDs of 3.2% (n = 10, 100 μg L⁻¹) and 7.7% (n = 10, 10 μg L⁻¹). Under CF conditions with 10 min stop-flow time and sample solution flow rate of 1.32 mL min⁻¹ the flow system offers a limit of detection of 0.04 μg L⁻¹ P, a sampling rate of 5 h⁻¹ and an RSD of 3.4% (n = 5, 2.0 μg L⁻¹). Interference studies revealed that anions commonly found in natural waters did not interfere when in excess of at least one order of magnitude. The flow system, operating under CF conditions, was successfully applied to the analysis of natural water samples containing concentrations of phosphate in the low μg L⁻¹ P range, using the multipoint standard addition method.     

Flow injection analysis as a tool for enhancing oceanographic nutrient measurements—A review

Macronutrient elements (C, N and P) and micronutrient elements (Fe, Co, Cu, Zn and Mn) are widely measured in their various physico-chemical forms in open ocean, shelf sea, coastal and estuarine waters. These measurements help to elucidate the biogeochemical cycling of these elements in marine waters and highlight the ecological and socio-economic importance of the oceans. Due to the dynamic nature of marine waters in terms of chemical, biological and physical processes, it is advantageous to make these measurements in situ and in this regard flow injection analysis (FIA) provides a suitable shipboard platform. This review, therefore, discusses the role of FIA in the determination of macro- and micro-nutrient elements, with an emphasis on manifold design and detection strategies for the reliable shipboard determination of specific nutrient species. The application of various FIA manifolds to oceanographic nutrient determinations is discussed, with an emphasis on sensitivity, selectivity, high throughput analysis and suitability for underway analysis and depth profiles. Strategies for enhancing sensitivity and minimizing matrix effects, e.g. refractive index (schlieren) effects and the important role of uncertainty budgets in underpinning method validation and data quality are discussed in some detail.