铜硫团簇离子的形成与光解

本文首次报导用激光溅射方法产生了铜硫团簇离子Cll。S：，并对其进行了紫外激光解离，得出了团簇离子的组成及光解规律．与以前关于过渡金属与非金属的二元团簇研究结果［‘－‘］有所不同，铜是具有满壳层d电子结构的过渡金属元素，这使得无论是所产生的团簇的组份，还是其光解规律，都表现出了明显的特点．本文在分析铜硫团簇离子的形成和光解规律的基础上，初步讨论了团簇的结构特征以及过渡金属满壳层d电子结构对团簇的形成与结构的影响．实验是在本实验室自制的串级飞行时间质谱仪上进行的，有关仪器的详情参见文献问．所用样品为：…     

硅、锗、锡、铅/磷二元原子团簇的形成、光解和结构

利用激光溅射产生了第IV主族 (硅、锗、锡、铅 ) /磷二元团簇正负离子 ,用飞行时间质谱研究了团簇离子的组成规律和激光光解产物 .研究表明二元团簇稳定性受团簇电子结构和几何结构的影响 ,但随着第IV主族元素自上而下 ,几何结构对团簇稳定性的作用越来越大 .在二元团簇离子中存在两类幻数团簇 :一类可以用Wade规则解释 ,其中磷原子或者充当给电子配体结合在第IV主族原子构成的团簇骨架外 ,或者直接参与团簇骨架的构成 ;另一类则与稳定的第IV主族中性团簇 (或磷中性团簇 )是等电子体 .利用从头计算和Wade规则对幻数团簇的结构和价键进行了分析 .     

铬/磷二元团簇的形成和光解

用532nm的Nd:YAG激光直接溅射铬/磷粉末混合物样品产生铬/磷团簇,并用串级飞行时间质谱仪研究了二元团簇的组份分布及紫外激光光解规律.实验表明,铬/磷极易形成富磷的二元团簇离子,CrP_m⁺团簇离子系列表现出明显的奇偶振荡效应,且CrP₄⁺,Cr_nP₈⁺(n=1～4),Cr₄P₉⁺,Cr₅P₁₁⁺,Cr₆P₁₂⁺和Cr₈P₁₄⁺等为质谱中丰度较大的离子,不随样品组成的变化而变化,光解时主要以失去中性P₂和P₄的方式进行解离,尝试对其电子结构进行推测.并与铬/硫二元团簇的形成和光解结果作简单对比.     

锰/磷、钛/磷二元团簇的激光溅射产生与光解

利用激光溅射法直接产生了锰/磷、钛/磷二元团簇正、负离子MxPy±(M=Mn、Ti),并用串级飞行时间质谱仪研究了团簇离子的组成与激光光解规律.实验表明钛与磷间成簇的能力强于锰与磷间成簇的能力,且MPy+(M=Ti、Mn)团簇离子系列表现出峰强度随所含磷原子数目的奇偶性变化,这可能与P4结构的特殊稳定性有关.激光光解实验表明,失去中性P2、P4的通道为主要光解通道.随着团簇离子的生长,锰/磷团簇正离子逐渐由富磷簇向富金属簇过渡,钛/磷则趋向于形成钛原子数目与磷原子数目接近相等的团簇正离子,而二者与磷形成的团簇负离子MxPy-(M=Mn、Ti)逐渐趋向于x≈y,随样品中磷含量增加,锰/磷易形成富磷簇,钛/磷的组成趋向不改变.     

铅、硫团簇的形成、反应与光解

用激光直接溅射和串级溅射两种方法产生铅／硫二元团簇,并用串级飞行时间质谱仪研究了二元团簇的组份及光解规律,用激光直接溅射铜＋硫混合样品时,组成为PbnSn-1 和PbnSn-的团簇丰度最大,是二元团簇的结构骨架和稳定组份,而用激光串级溅射铅样品和硫样品,通过铅团簇与硫团簇的反应,则可得到PbnSm (n=1-3,m=0-9)和PbnSm-(n=1-7,m=0-9)。这两种二元团簇的产生方法对应两种不同的团簇形成机理。     

碳/磷二元团簇的激光溅射产生、光解及结构研究

在串级飞行时间质谱仪上用５３２ｎｍ激光溅射碳／磷混合样品,所得团簇分为两类：碳／磷二元团簇离子和纯碳团簇离子的相对强度随样品中磷含量的增加而变强,说明磷对纯碳团簇离子的形成具有重要作用,而在所形成的碳／磷二元团簇中,正离子主要有ＣｎＰ＾＋２（０〈ｎ〈３０）,ＣｎＰ＾＋３（０〈ｎ〈２２）两类,而负离子则较多,有ＣｎＰ＾－（０〈ｎ〈２０）,ＣｎＰ＾－２（０〈ｎ〈３０）,ＣｎＰ＾－３（ｎ为２－３０间的偶     

Infrared Spectra,Structures and Bonding of Binuclear Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Ions

Binuclear transition metal carbonyl clusters serve as the simplest models in understanding metal-metal and ligand bonding that are important organometallic chemistry catalysis. Binuclear first row transition metal carbonyl ions are produced via a pulsed laser vaporization/supersonic expansion cluster ion source in the gas phase. These ions are studied by mass-selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching frequency region. Density functional theory calculations have been performed on the geometric structures and vibrational spectra of the carbonyl ions. Their geometric and electronic structures are determined by comparison of the experimental IR spectra with the simulated spectra. The structure and the metal-metal and metal-CO bonding of both saturated and unsaturated homonuclear as well as heteronuclear carbonyl cluster cations and anions are discussed.     

铜/硒二元团簇离子的形成和紫外光解

用串级飞行时间质谱仪结合激光直接溅射的方法产生了铜/硒二元团簇正负离子,正离子主要系列为(Cu₂Se)_nCu⁺和(Cu₂Se)_n⁺,负离子主要系列为(Cu₂Se)_nCuSe^-和(Cu₂Se)_nSe^-;研究了团簇正离子的紫外光解.结果表明,光解产物主要是一级谱中丰度较大的一些离子.用密度泛函方法(DFT)对Cu₃Se^-,Cu₃Se₂⁺的稳定构型及光解通道进行了理论计算,解释了实验中观察到的现象.     

铁磷团簇离子的稳定性研究

用激光蒸发方法产生大量的ＦｅｘＰ＾＋ｙ，通过对其形成过程和稳定性的研究，确定了主要的气相反应方程式为Ｐｘ＋Ｆｅ＾＋ｘ→ＦｅｘＰ＾＋ｙ＋Ｐｚ－ｙ。结合理论计算获得和团簇离子电子占有态的结构。解释了团簇离子质谱中奇偶性产生的原因。     

铜氧团簇负离子的产生

自Smalley等利用激光蒸发／超声分子束载带（ix／un）法产生c。。问起，这种方法逐渐成为形成高质量气相团簇的常用实验手段，其中分子束载带的主要作用是缓冲气体通过提供三体碰撞稳定动力学激发的团簇并促进高质量团簇的形成．但0’Keef6门和Cre。Sy同的实验发现无需利用缓冲     

Complexing Properties of Phenolic Diazacrown Ethers with Transition and Heavy Metal Ions

The complexation equilibria of the phenolic diazacrown ether derivatives L1–L11 with transition and heavy metal ions (Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺) have been studied in methanol using UV absorption spectrophotometry. A majority of the systems studied formed only ML complexes. Using a ligand with a different position of the substituents on the phenolic side arms (denoted L7) leads to ML₂ formation with most of the metal ions. Every ligand forms very strong ML and ML₂ complexes with Pb²⁺, and, in nearly all cases, only a lower limit could be derived for the stability constant. The stability of the complexes generally increases as the length of the para-substituents on the phenol groups increases. Among the metal ions tested, Zn²⁺ and Hg²⁺ are the least preferred by alkyl and alkoxy derivatives, respectively.     

Diamino‐Substituted Carbene Transfer between Transition Metal Ions

Diamino‐carbene ligand transfer between various metalions is studied, particularly with Pd (II) to Rh(I), Rh(I) to Au(I). Reactions of various carbene complexes with AgPF₆ result in the cleavage of the M=C bond to give the protonated carbene species, imidazolidin‐2‐ylidinium salt, indicating the presence of free carbene ligand in the reaction medium. When the carbene transfer process was carried out in tetrahydrofuran, the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran occurred.     

Mn/Se,MnO2/Se和Mn/SeO2体系形成的团簇离子的质谱研究

用飞行时间质谱法研究了激光直接溅射Mn/Se混合样品产生的二元团簇、团簇的光解行为及溅射MnO₂/Se和Mn/SeO₂样品产生的团簇正负离子。在Mn-Se二元团簇中,(Muse)_n⁺是正离子的主要组分,[(Muse)nSe]^-是负离子的主要组分。当n<5时,(Muse)_n⁺的紫外光解有多种通道;n≥5时光解以剥落MuSe方式进行。激光直接溅射MnO₂/Se,Mn/SeO₂两种体系产生的正负离子极为相似,符合团簇的气相聚合生长机理。正离子中(Mno)_n⁺是主要组分,负离子中Se_n^-,(Se_nO)^-和(SéO₃)^-是主要组分。     

Modification of Reflectron Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for Photodissociation of Mass-Selected Cluster lons

We introduce a modification of reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer for laser photodissociation of mass-selected ions. In our apparatus, the ions of interests were selected by a mass gate near the first space focus point and decelerated right after the mass gate, were then crossed by a laser beam for dissociation. The daughter ions and surviving parent ions were re-accelerated and analyzed by the reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Compared to the designs reported by other research groups, our selection-deceleration-dissociation-reacceleration approach has better daughter-parent-ions-separation, easier laser timing, and better overlapping between the ion beam and laser beam. We also conducted detailed cal- culations on the parent ion and daughter ion flight times, and provided a simplified formula for the calibration of daughter ion mass.     

磷与碳、硅、硼、铝形成的二元簇离子的激光产生

在自制的装置上，用高能密度的脉冲激光束在高真空中直接溅射红磷和碳、硅、硼或铝粉的混合物，通过激光等离子体反应，产生了十分丰富的XnPm±（X＝C，Si，B，Al）二元原子簇，记录了它们的飞行时间质谱．对这些簇离子组分的分析发现，它们的成键和结构因其组成元素的不同而有明显的差异，这些差异反映了它们独特的结构化学行为．     

团簇尺寸对奇数和偶数磷团簇离子信号强度差异的影响

磷原子形成的奇数和偶数团簇离子的信号存在明显的强度差异. 当团簇离子尺寸n>25时, 奇数团簇离子的信号强度一般会远远超过其邻近的偶数团簇离子. 为更好地理解团簇尺寸对这一现象的影响, 本文通过真空中激光溅射红磷的方法, 利用质谱对磷团簇离子进行了研究和分析. 结果表明这种方法可以产生较大尺寸(n~500)的磷团簇离子. 进一步对团簇离子的强度分布进行分析表明: 随着正负离子团簇尺寸的增加, 奇/偶数离子强度差异都会逐渐减小. 根据它们的变化趋势, 可以预测: 当n>1000时, 奇/偶数离子强度交替的现象可能会消失. 这一结果正反映出团簇在从原子演变到凝聚态物质过程中的桥梁作用.     

Photodissociation of trapped ions

The ion-trapping ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer, or Fourier transform mass spectrometer, provides a powerful and convenient environment for the study of photodissociation of gas-phase ions. This capability has been explored for about 30 years in a number of laboratories including our own. A variety of developments and applications, historical and current, are organized here under five broad headings: (1) optical spectroscopy of ions; (2) kinetics of the dissociation process; (3) dynamics of the dissociation process; (4) thermochemistry of dissociation; and (5) probing the structure and energy of the ions.     

Three-Body Photodissociation of Thionyl Chloride

The ultrafast photodissociation dynamics of thionyl chloride after excitation with a 235 nm pump pulse has been studied using a femtosecond time-resolved mass spectroscopy. The observed parent transient suggests that the excited states initiated by 235 nm are very shortlived, that is, approximately 166 fs. Not only a stepwise three-body dissociation pathway but also a concerted three-body dissociation pathway is observed.     

杯[4]冠醚对过渡金属离子的液膜传输行为

藉杯芳烃衍生物的识别作用可以实现对金属离子的选择性液膜传输,本文研究了4种新型杯[4]冠醚对5种过渡金属离子（Cu^2 ,Fe^3 ,Co^2 ,Ni^2 ,Zn^2 ）的液膜传输行为,发现其中酯型杯[4]冠醚（Ⅲ）对Cu^2 有优良的传输效能,并考察考察了各种因素（包括源相和受相酸度、离子载休Ⅲ的浓度、时间及温度等）的影响,指出载体Ⅲ对C ^2 的传输为H^ 交换机理,并对该过程进行了初步解释。