带旁通的管道中的声能流及传声损失──Ⅰ：理论分析

本文在平面波条件下，利用管道分叉点上声压和质点体积速度的连续性，导出了带旁通的管道中的声能流及其传声损失方程，在微机上作了数值计算，计算结果具体例证了声能环流的存在以及传声损失的频率特性，并且从有源噪声控制的角度对结果作了讨论．     

平面声波由空气经加肋板向水中传输的数值计算研究

采用有限元法和边界元法计算研究了平面声波由空气经加肋板向水中的声传输。数值计算表明：板的刚度对声传输的影响只有在板的刚度较大时才是重要的，当板的刚度较小时，空气和水之间的声阻抗失配对声传输起支配作用；板厚或肋骨惯性矩的变化会引起结构传声损失曲线上隔声低谷位置的变化；增大板厚或肋骨惯性矩可增大结构的传声损失，特别是当激励频率低于结构基频时，可通过增大板厚或肋骨惯性矩来增大结构刚度进而明显增大结构的传声损失。     

住宅建筑中相邻房间的侧向传声预测

侧向传声作为建筑中声传递的组成部分,对住宅的整体隔声效果具有重要的影响,通过将建筑中相邻房间的各建筑构件划分为若干子系统,应用统计能量分析(Statistical Energy Analysis,SEA)理论,从系统的声功率平衡的角度建立侧向传声的预测模型,在描述各路径的传声规律的同时确定主要传声路径。研究结果表明:当外围护结构为重质结构,且为匀质单一材料构造时,(1)在低频处,全程通过两相邻房间的侧墙或楼板的非通过隔墙的侧向路径成为主要侧向传声路径;(2)在中高频,各侧向路径的声压级差趋于一致,此时的建筑隔声性能取决于通过隔墙的直接路径上的声传递;(3)采用重质隔墙可以缩小侧向传声影响的频率范围。本研究为改善住宅的声环境质量及建筑隔声设计提供了理论依据。      

真空不能传声的实验演示

利用音乐集成块作声源，通过功放电路放大声音。并利用闪烁电路指示声电装置通电，制作了声电隔音装置。该自制装置可生动地演示真空不能传声实验。     

利用磁悬浮演示真空不传声

针对传统真空不传声实验装置的缺陷在于底座传声,提出悬浮发声体的设想,并通过磁悬浮来实现.文章介绍了磁悬浮的原理和实验装置,并做了实际测试.数据分析显示,演示效果有了显著改善.     

声强探头相位误差的电补偿技术

以双传声器技术为基础的声强测量方法对两个传声通道的相位特性非常敏感，本文介绍了对声强探头进行相位匹配以及使用精密相位计进行测量的方法和实例，通过在声强探头后级电路中采用一种称相网络进行相位补偿，在大部分频段上减少了相位误差，可以改善声强测量的精度。文中提供了基本的电路原理图和典型的实验数据。     

实验室隔声测量中试件洞填隙墙传声影响的检验

文章探讨了实验室建筑构件隔声测量中填隙墙传声影响的检验与修正方法。通过实验分析,给出了三种可用于不同隔声量构件的门、窗和玻璃试件隔声测量的填隙墙构造方式。     

半波长管传声损失分析

1/4波长管和Herschel-Quincke(HQ)管具有良好消声潜力,在其固有频率附近具有很高的消声量级,为了将这种消声潜力在更小的安装空间内和更宽的频带上发挥出来,设计了一种新的半波长管,通过对多管传声损失理论模型的推导,运用数值计算的方法,分析了传声损失的影响因素并对多分支管模型进行宽频带尺寸设计,最终实现在3...     

带旁通的管道中的声能流及传声损失Ⅱ：实验研究

实验证实了具有不同的旁通管长度及旁通面积的管道中传声损失及声能流的理论分析结果；对于单频噪声，三分之一倍频噪声及白噪声均有较好的降噪量，且降噪频带较宽。本文提出的“平均法”处理实验数据比原有的“三点法”好。     

水下音乐的保真重放和CR型水下音响系统

人在水中感知声音的方式是骨导、按照骨导的传声特性,研制成功CR型水下音响设备,比较理想地解决了水下音乐的保真重放问题。     

Metal–insulator transition in Si–MOS structures

A survey is presented on recent investigations of the metal-to-insulator transition in two-dimensional systems with special emphasis on n-Si–MOS structures. Experimental facts are presented and the currently open questions on the nature of this transition are addressed.     

Perspectives for neutrino physics at CERN

The experimental status of neutrino oscillation searches at accelerators is presented, and the future medium and long baseline projects at CERN are discussed, including the knowledge on the neutrino beam production. Perspectives on future neutrino factories based on muon storage rings are also presented.     

Fission times of excited nuclei: An experimental overview

An overview of selected recent experimental results on fission times is presented. Evidences for over-damped motion up to saddle point during the fission process of highly excited nuclei have been obtained independently through fission probability, pre-scission multiplicity and direct time measurements. In addition, strong clues have been found for a temperature dependency of friction. Experiments probing transient effects through fission probabilities are presented and the counterbalanced effects of friction and level density parameters are discussed. Promising perspectives for super-heavy stability studies, based on fission time measurements, are presented.     

Simulation of Finline structures using the tlm method

A new model of absorbing boundary for the TLM Method, based on absorvence condition on the node, is presented. Numerical and experimental results are presented; and the convergence aspect is discussed.     

More precise determination of thermal lens focal length for end-pumped solid-state lasers

A method of more precise determination of the focal length of equivalent thermal lens (TL) is presented in this paper. The method is based on the diffraction theory of aberrations. By numerically calculating the optical path difference (OPD) distribution and the Strehl ratio, the focal lengths for “top-hat” pumping and Gaussian pumping are obtained and the equations for the focal lengths are presented by curve fitting. Also the equations for average pump radii are presented. The experiment on a fiber-coupled LD pumped Nd:YAG laser is carried out. The experimental results verify the validity of the method.     

对声波和弹性波传播模拟的Hamilton系统方法

建立了离散化网格上的准粒子体系，引入此体系的Hamilton系统描述，用来模拟声波和弹性波的传播.介绍了准粒子间相互作用的九点模型并给出互作用系数.证明了Hamilton系统方法 和声波、弹性波方程的关系，并给出两个方法中所使用物理量的关系.使用辛算法对给定的 介质模型进行数值模拟. 关键词： Hamilton系统方法 九点互作用模型 声波方程 弹性波方程 辛算法     

White-light emission from porous-silicon-aluminum Schottky junctions

Summary Porous-silicon-based white-light-emitting devices are presented. The fabrication process on different substrates is described. The peculiarities of technological steps for device fabrication (porous-silicon formation and aluminum treatment) are underlined. Doping profile of the porous layer, current-voltage characteristics, time response, lifetime tests and electroluminescence emission spectrum of the device are presented. A model for electrical behaviour of Al/porous silicon Schottky junction is presented. Electroluminescence spectrum of the presented devices showed strong similarities with white emission from crystalline silicon junctions in the breakdown region. Paper presented at the III INSEL (Incontro Nazionale sul Silicio Emettitore di Luce), Torino, 12–13 October 1995.     

高功率微波辐射场功率密度测量系统

 根据功率密度大、脉冲短、形状不规则的特点，研制出一种能适应各种条件下使用的高功率微波功率密度测量装置。从已有的测量手段出发，比较其不同原理和适用性，选定了峰值检波法。根据实际工作需要，着重从结构及测量的可靠性、降低系统误差等方面，进行优化设计。该装置采用矩形波导和可靠性高的耦合衰减，利用示波器进行测量。最后详细地给出了测量系统的标定方法。     

A quantitative analysis of the simulated annealing algorithm: A case study for the traveling salesman problem

A quantitative study is presented of the typical behavior of the simulated annealing algorithm based on a cooling schedule presented previously by the authors. The study is based on the analysis of numerical results obtained by systematically applying the algorithm to a 100-city traveling salesman problem. The expectation and the variance of the cost are analyzed as a function of the control parameter of the cooling schedule. A semiempirical average-case performance analysis is presented from which estimates are obtained on the expectation of the average final result obtained by the simulated annealing algorithm as a function of the distance parameter, which determines the decrement of the control parameter.