脲变性牛碳酸酐酶B的稀释复性过程及其集聚作用研究

采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、高效凝胶排阻色谱以及激光光散射光谱研究了脲变性牛碳酸酐酶B的稀释复性过程及其集聚作用。在脲变性牛碳酸酐酶B的稀释复性过程中,当最终复性液中脲浓度大于2.0mol/L时,牛碳酸酐酶B在复性液中以单分子和二分子集聚体形式存在;当最终复性液中脲浓度小于2.0mol/L大于1.0mol/L时,牛碳酸酐酶B在复性液中以单分子、二分子集聚体和少量多分子集聚体形式存在;而当最终复性液中脲浓度小于等于1.0mol/L时,脲变性牛碳酸酐酶B复性时会形成均匀透明的上清和不透明的沉淀,牛碳酸酐酶B在上清和沉淀中达到动态解离平衡,且在两相中都以单分子、二分子集聚体和少量多分子集聚体形式存在。溶液中二分子和多分子牛碳酸酐酶B集聚体是通过牛碳酸酐酶B分子之间的疏水和静电相互作用力而形成的,当溶液中这些成分达到一定浓度并且溶液中脲的浓度小于某一个值时,它们之间会通过非共价形式形成沉淀。     

蒙特卡罗法估算真实溶液的无限稀释活度系数

在无限稀释活度系数实验测定、模型预测等方面的研究工作不断深入的同时，基干系统的微观分子结构信息通过计算机分子模拟方法来求取无限稀释活度系数的研究也更多地开展起来［‘，’］．但是鉴于摘类热力学性质，如自由能、化学位等的特殊性，开展的模拟工作总的说来是初步的·许多方法复杂，实现的难度较大，而研究的系统技多地针对于模型流体混合物（modelfluidrn－ixtures）．本文是蒙特卡罗法估算真实溶液的无限稀释活度系数的一个尝试，研究对象选取298．15K温度条件下甲醇的水溶液·1原理对于一个NTV系综，化学位定义为可以将UN－…     

反向流动注射化学发光法测定痕量硫离子

在碱性条件下,基于硫离子对鲁米诺和高碘酸钾化学发光反应有很强的增敏作用,建立了反向流动注射化学发光法检测水中痕量硫离子的新方法。在优化实验条件下,硫离子浓度在8.0×10-10~5.0×10-6g/mL范围内与发光强度呈良好的线性关系;检出限(3σ)为2.0×10-10g/mL;相对标准偏差为2.3%(n=11,1.0×10-8g/mLS2-)。该方法用于环境水样中S2-的测定,结果令人满意。     

采用稀释成盐法从富硼浓缩盐卤中合成的镁硼酸盐化合物及其结构与性质

通过稀释成盐法在富硼浓缩盐卤体系Na-K-Mg-Cl-SO₄中合成了一种新的六硼酸镁Mg[B₆O₇(OH)₆]·5H₂O化合物。根据X射线粉末衍射数据对其晶体结构进行了精修,并采用红外及拉曼光谱法对其结构进行了表征,分析了其光谱及结构特征。结果表明,该化合物由1个Mg原子、1个B₆O₇(OH)₆基团和5个H₂O分子构成,Mg原子以六配位形式与氧结合形成畸变MgO₆八面体构型;热重分析表明,高温分解过程该化合物脱水转化为四硼酸镁MgB₄O₇;通过紫外可见漫反射法求得其禁带宽度为4.44 eV。     

Magnetic Relaxation Dynamics of a Binuclear Diluted Er(III)/Y(III) Compound Influenced by Lattice Solvent

It is crucial to investigate the slow relaxation mechanisms of binuclear Er^III‐based single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) and explore strategies for optimizing their magnetic properties. Herein, a doped compound, [Y_1.75Er_0.25(thd)₄Pc] ? 2C₆H₆ ( YEr ? 2C₆H₆ , Hthd=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptanedione, H₂Pc=phthalocyanine), was synthesized by doping the paramagnetic erbium(III) compound Er₂ ? 2C₆H₆ in the diamagnetic yttrium(III) matrix Y₂ ? 2C₆H₆ . The doping effect was studied using SQUID magnetization measurements. The results suggest that magnetic‐site dilution improves the magnetic property from a fast relaxation of the pure Er^III compound to a typical SMM relaxation process of the doped sample. In this binuclear system, the dominant single‐ion relaxation is entangled with the neighboring Er^III ion through the intramolecular Er^III???Er^III interaction, which plays an important role in suppressing the quantum tunneling of the magnetization (QTM) process. Furthermore, the influence of lattice solvents on single‐ion relaxation was studied. By releasing the benzene molecules, compound YEr ? 2C₆H₆ can be successfully transformed to a desolvated sample YEr accompanied by structural alteration and improved SMM performance.     

Reverse permeation of sodium ions driven by pH difference across a liquid membrane: time dependencies of membrane resistance and membrane potential in a reverse permeation system

The diffusional flux of sodium ions across a liquid membrane was observed as a reverse permeation phenomenon: sodium ions were transported across the membrane against their own concentration difference. A supported liquid membrane having stearic acid as an ionic carrier was used. The internal aqueous phase contained NaCl and HCl and the external aqueous phase contained NaOH of the same initial concentration as NaCl in the internal aqueous phase. The reverse permeation occurred with a long time delay. During the delay, sodium ions flowed from the acidic to alkaline solution. The diffusion coefficient of sodium ion estimated from the flux equation taking into account the Donnan equilibrium at the interface was found to be much greater than that in the membrane solvent, 1-octanol. In the same membrane system as for the flux measurement, the membrane conductance and the membrane potential were measured as a function of time. The time dependence of the membrane potential in the presteady state showed a biphasic behavior. The initial rapid phase could be attributed to the change in the phase boundary potential and the subsequent slow step to the change in the diffusion potential within the membrane. Before the steady membrane potential had been reached, the reverse permeation of sodium ions against their own concentration difference was not observed. During the slow relaxation process of the membrane potential, the membrane resistance decreased to approach the steady state. Moreover, the oscillation of membrane potential abruptly started at a time in the slow step of the potential change and continued during the steady state. It was suggested that, at the presteady state, the increase in the amount of water in the membrane would drive a drastic change in the state of the liquid membrane in the filter pore, e.g. an inverted micellar structure making.     

Improvement of pore geometry and performances of poly(ethylene terephthalate) track membranes by a protective layer method using plasma-induced graft polymerization of 1H,1H,2H-perfluoro-1-octene monomer

The process of geometrical modification of pores in poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membranes (TM) by use of plasma deposition of a fluorine-containing polymer protective layer on one membrane surface and alkali etching of the other surface has been studied in order to produce membranes with improved performance characteristics. Samples of membranes with conical pores have been obtained which have better filtration efficiency compared with initial TM with cylindric pores. Plasma polymerization of 1H,1H,2H-perfluoro-1-octene at the membrane surface was used to produce the protective layer resistant to alkali solutions. The occurrence of plasma modification and changing of pore geometry have been verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies. The filtration efficiency and selectivity of the modified membranes have been studied.     

一个具有相反光学选择性的新颖海洋 GDSL脂肪酶MT6用于（S）-1-苯基乙醇制备

1-苯乙醇是一种重要的手性药物中间体,并且(S)-1-苯乙醇和(R)-1-苯乙醇均具有应用价值.怎样获得光学醇的1-苯乙醇是药物合成中的重要问题.传统的化学合成手段不仅反应过程复杂,而且反应条件剧烈,对环境污染严重,因此生物催化方法越来越受到重视.脂肪酶和酯酶以其出色的立体选择性和温和的反应条件而被广泛用于手性药物的拆分制备.但是之前的一些研究发现脂肪酶和酯酶大都对(R)-1-苯乙醇及其衍生物有选择性,而我们发现并鉴定的脂肪酶 MT6的立体选择性则与这些脂肪酶/酯酶完全相反,具体体现在以下两个方面：(1) MT6能够特异地催化(S)-1-苯乙醇和乙酸异丙烯酯的转酯反应,生成(R)-1-苯乙醇;(2) MT6能够选择性地水解(S)-乙酸苏合香酯,生成(S)-1-苯乙醇.可见,利用 MT6催化的转酯反应和水解反应可以巧妙地进行(S)-1-苯乙醇和(R)-1-苯乙醇的制备. MT6来源于深海放线菌Marinactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO 00652,属于 GDSL家族脂肪酶第 II类群,这一类群的脂肪酶绝大多数来自微生物.有关 GDSL家族脂肪酶在手性拆分中的应用研究非常少.我们之前报道了 MT6的克隆、表达、纯化及转酯拆分反应,本文重点考察了 MT6通过水解反应制备(S)-1-苯乙醇的条件,优化了酶促水解拆分反应温度、有机共溶剂、pH、离子强度、酶用量、底物浓度、反应时间以及底物侧链长度等参数.研究发现,在反应体系中加入一定量的有机共溶剂能够大大提高产物(S)-1-苯乙醇的光学纯度,其中添加二氯甲烷获得的结果最为理想,可以将产物光学纯度从43%提高到89%,E值从2.84提高至22.82.经过优化,最佳反应温度为40°C,共溶剂二氯甲烷浓度为5%(体积分数),反应缓冲液为0.1 mol/L Tris-HCl (pH =7.0),酶用量为150 mg/mL,底物为15 mmol/L乙酸苏合香酯,反应时间控制在12 h.在此条件下,制备的(S)-1-苯乙醇的光学纯度可达97%,转化率可达28.5%,E值为95.9.此外,还比较了侧链长度不同的1-苯基乙醇酯对水解反应的影响,结果表明1-苯基乙醇酯的侧链长度可极大影响光学选择性和产率.在反应条件相同时, MT6催化侧链长度为4个碳的丁酸-1-苯乙酯水解,生成(S)-1-苯乙醇的光学纯度仅为50%.利用 AutoDock软件进行分子对接,结果显示长侧链的1-苯基乙醇酯离活性中心 His230的咪唑基较远,可能是导致酶立体选择性低的重要原因.值得注意的是,海洋微生物来源的 GDSL脂肪酶 MT6在水解反应和转酯反应中均表现出与一些已知脂肪酶/酯酶相反的立体选择性,因而具备进一步开发和应用价值.所制备的(S)-1-苯乙醇的光学纯度为97%,可以通过和转酯反应相结合的方式进一步提高产物的光学纯度和转化率.     

Solubilization of 1-butanol in a sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly(ethylene oxide) system by NMR and conductivity at 298.1 and 283.1 K

 The effects of adding 0.1 molal 1-butanol to the aqueous SDS system at 298.1 K and the aqueous PEO–SDS system at 298.1 and 283.1 K have been studied. NMR NOESY experiments on the PEO– SDS–1-butanol system in D₂O were obtained. NMR self-diffusion experiments and measurements of NMR chemical shifts and specific conductivity were carried out on the samples, i.e. on samples with PEO and without PEO. The addition of 1-butanol to an aqueous SDS–PEO system decreases the critical aggregation concentration (c.a.c). Determination of the second critical concentration (c ₂) depends on the method of measurements, i.e. the molecular species monitored. Conductivity measurements will give c ₂ as the SDS concentration where free micelles (micelles not bound to the polymer) are formed. PEO self-diffusion measurements, on the other hand, determine c ₂ as the SDS concentration where the polymer is saturated with SDS. Both the c.a.c and the c ₂ decrease upon 1-butanol addition. However, the c ₂ value exhibits a larger decrease than the c.a.c value. Thus, the amount of polymer bound surfactant molecules decreases upon addition of 1-butanol. Micellar solubilization of 1-butanol starts at c.a.c., but the solubilization capacity is low until the surfactant concentration reaches c ₂, where the increase in solubilization is significant. Thus, solubilization data can be used to detect c ₂, the concentration where free micelles form. Received: 21 July 1997 Accepted: 9 February 1998