Methods for controlling the regioselection in the reaction of 3-amino-5-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole with acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal

The reaction of 3-amino-5-benzylthio-1,2,4-triazole with acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal affords 2-benzylthio-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5a]pyrimidine or 2-benzylthio-7-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5a]pyrimidine regioselectively depending on the reaction conditions.     

Recyclization of Condensed Carbethoxypyrimidines Accompanied by Substitution of a Carbon Atom into the Heterocycle

Condensation in ethanol of ethyl ethoxymethyleneacetoacetate with systems containing an amidine fragment (substituted 3-aminopyrazoles and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) gave 6-carbethoxy-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Addition of base to solutions of the obtained bicyclic carbethoxy derivatives in the course of several minutes caused rearrangement to 6-acetyl-7-hydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine respectively. A more prolonged refluxing in 15% aqueous alcohol solution of base caused 6-carbethoxy-7-methyl-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine to recyclize to 7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.__________Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 569–576, April, 2005.     

Heterocyclic β-Enamino esters. 28. The reaction of heterocyclic β-Enamino esters and nitriles with cyclic amidines. A simple route to azolopyrimidines

Whereas 2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4,5-dihydrofurans Ia-c condense with 5-membered amidine derivatives, via elimination of ethanol to afford the azolopyrimidines IIIa,b, XI, and XIVa,b, the 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5-dihydrofurans Id,e give with the same reagents, under elimination of ammonia, the novel ring systems of furo-azolopyrimidines XVIII and XXa,b. 2-Amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-thiopyrane (XXI) reacts with 5-amino-1,2,4-triazole (II) to yield the triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine XXII, and with 2-aminobenzimidazole to XXIII. The mechanism of these reactions is discussed. XIVb and VIIb are cyclized in a secondary step to give the novel furo[2,3-d]benzimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine XXVI, and furo[2,3-d]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine XXVIII respectively, besides the acetoxy derivatives XVII and XXIX.     

Reactions of α-aminoazoles with diethyl benzylidenemalonate

Cyclocondensations of diethyl benzylidenemalonate with 3-amino-5-methylpyrazole, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, 3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole, and 2-amino-benzimidazole in alcohols take a single route and lead to the formation of functionally substituted partially hydrogenated pyrazolo-, triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidin-5-ones and pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2-one respectively. From reaction mixtures involving 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and its 5-methylsulfanyl analog in methanol the intermediate products of heterocyclization were isolated forming as a result of alkylation with the β-carbon of the unsaturated ester the endocyclic nucleophilic sites of aminoazoles. The structure of one among the products obtained, diethyl(3-amino-5-methylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-2-yl)benzylmalonate was proved by X-ray crystallography. In DMF the same reagents yielded mixtures of partially hydrogenated triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ones.     

Synthesis and Chemical Transformations of 5-Alkyl(phenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>]pyrimidin-7-oles

5,5,7-Trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol was synthesized by cyclocondensation of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole with 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one; its chemical transformations, and also the transformations of 5-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol were investigated in reactions with reagents of diverse electronic nature.     

5-Azapurines and the structures of sym-triazole intermediates

Several isomers are possible when an isocyanate or an isothiocyanate is allowed to react with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. It was found that variations in reagents or reaction conditions could be used to produce isomeric derivatives. The effect of substituents on the chemical shifts of adjacent ring protons is described for a number of new triazole derivatives. These data can be used to assign structures to new sym-triazole reaction products. Appropriate triazoles were used as intermediates in the synthesis of s-triazolo[1,5-a]-s-triazine (5-azapurine) derivatives. Spectral properties, methods of synthesis, and modes of degradation are described for several new members of this ring system.     

A convenient method for the synthesis of 7-amino-substituted 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-amines

A new practical synthesis of 7-amino-substituted 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-amines is developed. The triazine ring closure of 5-guanidino-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole with trichloroacetonitrile proceeds chemo- and regioselectively depending on the nature of the solvent. Conducting the reaction in toluene provided 7-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-amine as the product, which can be further aminated efficiently with replacement of the trichloromethyl group.     

A convenient synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles

The condensation of an acyl hydrazide and an amidine to afford an acylamidrazone, followed by thermal cyclization, provides a convenient method for preparing 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles in high yields.     

Synthesis, ring transformations, IR-, NMR and DFT study of heterocycles with two ferrocenyl units

Cyclization of 1,5-bis(ferrocenylmethylidene)thiocarbonohydrazide with DMAD afforded diastereomeric dimethyl-thiazole-4,5-dicarboxylates. The cis-isomer undergoes ring opening and recyclization to a thiazolone derivative. A further thiazolone was obtained from this precursor with ethyl chloroacetate employing a bifunctional organocatalyst. Due to its propensity to dehydrogenation evidenced by DFT calculations, the studied thiocarbonohydrazide underwent oxidative cyclizations under different conditions to yield a 1,3,4-thiadiazole and a 1,2,4-triazole derivative, respectively. Thermal isomerisation of 1,3,4-thiadiazole into 1,2,4-triazole was also observed. The DMAD-mediated cyclizations of the S-metylated thiocarbonohydrazide and the 1,5-bis(ferrocenylmethylideneamino)guanidine gave 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and a 4-pyrimidone, respectively. The structure of the new compounds was established by IR and NMR spectroscopy, including HMQC, HMBC and DEPT measurements. The solid state structure of a triazole was revealed by single crystal X-ray analysis.     

Three component condensation of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole with carbonyl compounds. A new synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines

Three component condensation of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole with an aromatic aldehyde and ketone gives 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidines. An x-ray structural investigation of 5-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]benzo[h]quinazoline was undertaken in order to determine the course of this reaction.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 481–485, April, 1993.     

1,2,4-Triazoles: Synthetic approaches and pharmacological importance. (Review)

The synthetic routes of 1,2,4-triazole compounds as well as their pharmacological properties have been described. The review focuses intensively on two methods: cycloaddition reaction in the syntheses of various 1,5-dialky-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives from the reactive cumulenes with the nitrile precursors as well as the microwave irradiation method. Published in Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1605–1634, November, 2006.     

A new heterocyclic structure. The [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-d][1,2,4]triazine

The hydrazone derivatives of 4-benzoyl-1,2,3-triazole can easily be cyclised by reaction with various organic reagents (ortho esters, aldehyde and ketone compounds, phosgene, etc) which result in the incorporation of the introduced reagent's carbon atom into the new six membered ring. The newly created C-N bond of the resulting [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-d][1,2,4]triazines displays a particular sensitivity due to the electron attracting effect of the triazole ring. Some mechanistic considerations are proposed to account for the observed results.     

Heterocyclic nitro compounds. 27. Methods for the synthesis of 3-nitro-5-R-1,2,4-triazoles

A method for the preparation of 3-nitro-5-R-1,2,4-triazoles by reaction of 1-(3'-oxobutyl)-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole with nucleophilic reagents with various structures with replacement of the nitro group in the 5 position of the triazole ring during subsequent elimination of the oxobutyl fragment in an alkaline medium is examined. A number of previously undescribed NH acids, viz., 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, including 3-nitro-5-azolyl-1,2,4-triazoles, were obtained, and the ionization constants were determined for some of them.See [1] for Communication 26.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp, 1553–1557, November, 1980.     

A convenient route to the 1,2,5-oxadiazole-substituted 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds - A convenient synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with 3-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole substituent starting from available...     

Reaction of arylidene derivatives of Meldrum's acid with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole

The condensation of arylidene derivatives of Meldrum's acid with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in nitrobenzene leads to 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ones. In DMF the reaction proceeds with the formation of arylsubstituted N-(2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylamino)propionamides. Ukrainian Research Institute for the Pharmacotherapy of Endocrine Diseases, Kharkov 310002. Kharkov State University, Kharkov 310077, Ukraine     

Facile, diversity-orientated one-pot synthesis of ethyl 1,5-disubstituted-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylates

Access to the 1,5-disubstituted-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide motif is quite laborious and requires forcing conditions to effect the cyclocondensation step. Herein, we report an efficient and mild one-pot protocol to access this substructure in good chemical yields with high regiocontrol.     

2,3-Diamino-5-aryl-7-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinium-6-olates

The corresponding triazolopyrimidinium salts and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinium-6-olates were formed from the reaction of 3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole and 1-aryl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,3-dibromopropanones. The structure of one of the latter has been established by X-ray crystallography.     

Copper(I) 1,2,4-triazolates and related complexes: studies of the solvothermal ligand reactions, network topologies, and photoluminescence properties

One-pot solvothermal treatments of organonitriles, ammonia, and Cu(II) salts yielded Cu(I) and 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolates. The organic triazolate components were derived from copper-mediated oxidative cycloaddition of nitriles and ammonia, in which a key intermediate 1,3,5-triazapentadienate was isolated as [Cu(II)(4-pytap)(2)] (4-Hpytap = 2,4-di(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazapentadiene) via controlled solvothermal conditions. This intermediate could also be synthesized by Ni(II)-mediated reactions; however, the final triazoles were obtained only when Cu(II) was employed. Therefore, the reaction mechanism of these reactions was elucidated as follows: nitrile was first attacked by ammonia to form the amidine, which further reacted with another nitrile or self-condensed to yield 1,3,5-triazapentadiene, which was coordinated to two Cu(II) ions in its deprotonated form. A two-electron oxidation of the 1,3,5-triazapentadienate mediated by two Cu(II) ions gave one triazolate and Cu(I) cations. Other in situ ligand reactions, such as C-C bond cleavage and hydrolysis, were also found for the nitriles under these solvothermal conditions. Another remarkable feature of these crystalline Cu(I) triazolates is their simple, typical 3- or 4-connected network topologies. The self-assembly of these nets is presumably controlled by steric hindrance, which is subsequently applied to the rational design of the close-packed 2D networks [Cu(I)(tz)](infinity) and [Ag(I)(tz)](infinity) (Htz = 1,2,4-triazole), as well as the porous 3D network [Cu(I)(etz)](infinity) (Hetz = 3,5-diethyl-1,2,4-triazole). The interesting photoluminescence properties of these coinage d(10) metal complexes were also investigated.     

型2,3-二氢-3-芳亚甲基-4-芳基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂的合成及表征

在盐酸和乙醇存在下, 苯乙酮、多聚甲醛以及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺进行Mannich反应, 得到了Mannich碱; 将其和1,2,4-三唑在水中反应, 得到含有1,2,4-三唑的苯丙酮; 然后, 在哌啶和甲苯存在下, 苯丙酮和苯甲醛进行羟醛缩合, 得到一系列含有1,2,4-三氮唑的查尔酮; 最后, 在三氟乙酸的催化下, 查尔酮和邻氨基硫酚发生亲核取代反应, 然后脱水缩合, 合成了一系列2,3-二氢-3-芳亚甲基-4-芳基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂. 其结构经IR, ¹H NMR, MS及元素分析确证.     

Synthesis and properties of hydrazones of the phenanthridine series

The reaction of 6-hydrazinophenanthridine with carbonyl reagents gave hydrazones, while the reaction with formic acid gave a 1,2,4-triazole derivative.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 531–534, April, 1992.