载钛中孔二氧化硅分子筛的光催化性能研究

分别 以单一 Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 纳米粒 子及不 同 Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 覆 盖率的中 孔分 子筛（ Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｈ Ｍ Ｓ） 和微 孔分 子筛（ Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｎａ Ｙ） 为光催 化剂,以２ ,４ ,６三氯苯 酚（ Ｔ Ｃ Ｐ） 为 降解对象 ,考察了 两类分子 筛担 载 Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 的光催化性 能． 结 果表明 ： 在钛 含量相 同的 条 件下 , Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｈ Ｍ Ｓ 的光 催 化活 性 高于 Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｎａ Ｙ 和 单一 Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 的光催 化活性; Ｔｉ Ｏ２ 负载量 较低时 , Ｔｉ Ｏ２／ Ｈ Ｍ Ｓ 即可 显示 有高 的光 催化 活性, 且其 光催 化活性随着 中孔分 子筛孔径 的增大而 升高     

超细Co-B非晶态合金的制备及其催化乙腈加氢性能

报道了 一种用 于乙腈加 氢的 新 型 复合 型 催化 剂 超细 Ｃｏ Ｂ 非 晶 态合 金（ 粒 径 ６０ ｎ ｍ左右） , 其催 化性能显 著优于 其它 Ｃｏ 基催 化剂． 以此代替 工业用 Ｒａｎｅｙ Ｎｉ , 不 仅可 提高 对乙 胺的选择性 ,而且可 显著减轻 环境污 染． 通 过一系列 表征,讨 论了乙腈 在催化 剂活性位 的吸附 模式及催化加氢 反应机 理,由此对 其催化 性能与催 化剂结 构的关系 进行了说 明．     

金 属 改 性 的Ｐｄ ／ γ Ａｌ２ Ｏ３ 催 化 剂 在 转 移 加 氢 中 的 应 用

研 究 了 Ｃｕ、 Ｌａ、 Ｂａ、 Ｃｅ 和 Ｃｏ 等 多 种 金 属 氧 化 物 对 Ｐｄ ／ γＡｌ２ Ｏ３ 催 化 剂 在 ３, ５二 羟 基 苯 甲 酸 转 移 加 氢 制 备３, ５二 氧 代 环 己 烷 羧 酸 反 应 中 的 活 性 影 响 , 发 现 镧 的 改 性 效 果 最 明 显 ． 得 到 的 ＰｄＬａＯｘ ／ γＡｌ２ Ｏ３ 催 化 剂 在 １５０ ℃下 还 原 , 催 化 ３, ５二 羟 基 苯 甲 酸 转 移 加 氢 反 应 的 转 化 率 和 选 择 性 分 别 达 到 了 ９０． ６％ 和 ９８． ２％ ． 在 １５０ ℃ 下 ＰｄＣｌ２被 还 原 为 Ｐｄ, 而 Ｌａ 保 持 氧 化 态 ． 经 ＴＰＲ、 ＳＥＭ、 ＴＥＭ、 ＸＰＳ 等 手 段 分 析 后 认 为 , 引 入 的 Ｌａ 使 Ｐｄ 具 有 适 宜 的 粒 度 ,低 温 还 原 时 保 持 氧 化 态 的 Ｌａ 与 载 体 产 生 相 互 作 用 , 并 对 Ｐｄ 的 转 移 加 氢 活 性 的 提 高 有 利 , 而 高 温 下 被 还 原 的 Ｌａ则 对 提 高 Ｐｄ 的 活 性 不 利 ．     

催化荧光法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)

在ＨＡc－ＮaＡc缓冲介质中,痕量铬（Ⅵ）对过氧化氢与罗丹明Ｂ的氧化还原反应具有催 化作用,使罗丹明Ｂ的荧光减弱,据此建立了催化荧光法测定痕量铬（Ⅵ）的新方法。方法的检测限为３．３２ｒｇ／Ｌ,测定范围为０．０１～０．１６ｍｇ／ＬＣｒ（Ⅵ）。本法已用于测定电镀液、电镀废液中痕量Ｃr（Ⅵ）,结果令人满意。     

国产二氧化钛在光催化降解染料废水中的应用

研究了 几种国 产和进口 二氧化钛 在光催 化降解染 料污染 物方面的 应用． Ｘ 射线 衍射 及扫描电镜 分析结果 表明,锐 钛矿型含 量高以 及粒径 小的 二氧 化钛 能很 好地 催化 降解 有机 染 料． 不同结构染 料的降 解难易顺 序为： 酞菁类 ＞ 蒽醌类 ＞ 单偶氮 类; 降解 速度 与吸 附有 直接 关系 ． 搅 拌分散体系 和糊状 体系的实 验结果表 明,难于 生物降 解的高浓 度直接耐 晒大红 ４ Ｂ Ｓ 工业 染料 废水 可被光催化 降解并 矿化,国产 催化剂 可重复利 用多次 ,光源可采 用太阳 光．     

光催化与光化学联合降解苯胺

水中许多难于被其它方法降解的有机污染物（例如卤代烃、表面活性剂、多氯联苯、染料等）能在ＴｉＯ２的光催化作用下发生矿物化的降解反应,被氧化为ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏ等简单的无机物,对环境不会带来二次污染［１～３］．近年来有关ＴｉＯ２纳米晶（或微晶）膜的制备与光催...     

Ru_3（CO）_（12）均相和非均相催化1－庚烯氢甲酰化的研究

Ｒｕ＿３（ＣＯ）＿（１２）均相和非均相催化１－庚烯氢甲酰化的研究李忠，张俊忠，李彦旭，阴丽华，王常有（太原工业大学煤化工研究所，太原０３００２４）关键词羰基化，钌催化剂，均相催化，多相催化氢甲酰化反应是工业上重要的均相络合催化反应之一，主要应用钴、铑...     

超细Cu-ZnO-ZrO2催化剂上甲醇合成的TPSR和TPD研究

采用ＭＳ－ＴＰＳＲ和ＭＳ－ＴＰＤ技术在不同粒度的超细Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－ＺｒＯ２催化上考查了ＣＯ２和ＣＯ加氢合成甲醇的反应过程和吸附活化特征。研究表明,ＣＯ２和ＣＯ都可以直接加氢合成甲醇。     

水溶性钯－膦配合物催化1－己烯加氢反应研究

研究了水溶性钯－膦配合物ＰｄＣｌ２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２催化１－己烯加氢反应，考察了两相催化体系中添加表面活性剂ＣＴＡＢ，膦配体ＴＰＰＴＳ，以及溶液ｐＨ值等对反应的影响，证明了１－己烯加氢反应中有一诱导期．反应中涉及两种催化活性物种．一种是由ＰｄＣｌ２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２还原生成的低氧化态催化物种，它在一定的ＣＴＡＢ浓度下，可以保持相当的稳定性．另一种是被ＴＰＰＴＳ或Ｈ２还原形成的钯黑．根据ＰｄＣｌ２和ＴＰＰＴＳ反应过程的３１ＰＮＭＲ研究，对ＰｄＣｌ２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）２分子中Ｐｄ被还原和ＴＰＰＴＳ被氧化提出了解释     

Cu－Cr_2O_3催化合成丙烯酰胺中铬的助催化作用

Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ_２Ｏ_３催化合成丙烯酰胺中铬的助催化作用李晶明，杨博，周贵林，谢筱帆，李圭甲（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂，丙烯腈，丙烯酰胺，催化水合，反应机理在还原铜催化剂中加铬可提高丙烯腈（ＡＮ）催化水...     

金属基底上吡咯光电化学聚合的研究

近年来,国内外对聚吡咯已进行广泛的研究,主要内容包括:电化学聚合,机理与结构表征,电化学氧化还原性质,聚吡咯的化学修饰。最近报导了半导体上吡咯的光电化学聚合。我们在低于吡咯电聚合电位下观察到聚吡咯的Raman讯号。本文研究在中性溶液中金属基底上吡咯的光电化学聚合,以及光源波长、强度和介质等因素的影响。     

APPLICATION OF TIME-RESOLVED DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE TECHNIQUES IN STUDIES OF REACTION INTERMEDIATES IN SUSPENSIONS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Short lived reaction intermediates such as triplet states and free radicals can be detected in vivo using laser photolysis techniques with time-resolved diffuse reflectance detection. This novel approach is illustrated for bacterial suspensions of Bacillus subtilis.     

ULTRAVIOLET SENSITIVITY OF THE ADDITION, DELETION and REPLACEMENT OF LONG NONHOMOLOGOUS DNA SEGMENTS BY GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE

Abstract— We have recently described the construction and some properties of Haemophilus influenzae Rd strains with long and different R plasmid-derived DNA segments (nonhomologous inserts) at the same site in the HP1 prophage. These inserts can be added to a recipient's genome by genetic transformation, they can be deleted from the recipient genome, or they can be replaced by another insert. We report here that the UV inactivation of all three phenomena followed single hit kinetics. Deletion was roughly 10 times more resistant; its UV-sensitivity equaled that of a high-efficiency point mutation. There was an inverse correlation between UV-sensitivity and additive transformation efficiency of the various inserts; sensitivity may thus be a measure of insert size. This correlation was not seen for deletion. All three phenomena were more sensitive when they were measured on excision repair-deficient uvr_- recipients. The dose-reduction factor for addition was about 1.5 while it was about 2.6 for deletion.     

十二烷基硫酸钠—水杨基荧光酮痕量锡的光度测定

提出一种高选择性、高灵敏度吸光光度测定痕量锡的方法。试验表明阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠具有特殊的选择性,在十二烷基硫酸钠的存在下,锡与水杨基荧光酮在强酸性介质中形成高灵敏度的三元配合物,常见干扰离子均不发生类似的显色反应,具有很高的选择性,不需分离可直接测定钢铁样品中的痕量锡。     

光学解偏振法测定高聚物的结晶速度

制成了光学解偏振法测定高聚物结晶过程的仪器,测试了聚丙烯、尼龙6等几种试样。本方法的优点是:样品用量少,测试温度范围宽,可以测定较快的结晶过程。由于设计了透射光强度自动控制电路,实验结果可靠,重复性好,并能自动记录。     

THE MECHANISM OF PHOTOCHEMICAL ADDITION OF CYSTEINE TO URACIL AND FORMATION OF DIHYDROURACIL

Abstract— A proposed mechanism for the photochemical addition of L -cysteine to uracil with the concurrent formation of dihydrouracil is shown to proceed through the triplet excited state of uracil which can abstract hydrogen atoms from cysteine to form dihydrouracil. This triplet state is the same one as that leading to photodimerization. The thiyl radicals generated add to ground state uracil molecules. The data permit a re-evaluation of the quantum yield for intersystem crossing of uracil in water which shows dimerization in aqueous solution to have a maximum efficiency of 56 per cent. The formation of the cross-adduct and dihydrouracil may be sensitized but the efficiency of the reaction is related to the ability of the sensitizer to be photoreduced and not to its triplet energy.     

QUANTIFICATION OF PYRIMIDINE DIMERS AND APURINIC SITES IN DNAs OF UNIFORM LENGTH

Abstract— A new simple in vitro assay for the determination of pyrimidine dimers and/or apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in non-radioactive DNA has been developed. In this procedure, DNA substrates of uniform length-which may be supercoiled, partially relaxed, relaxed or linear-are treated with agents which produce specific single strand nicks at the site of the lesion. The number of lesions per molecule can be expressed as a function of the amount of single-stranded molecules left intact after the specific nicking treatment. Unreacted molecules, which retain the original uniform length, are separated from the other smaller reaction products by electrophoresis on an alkaline agarose gel. In the case of circular molecules, the substrate is linearized by the use of an appropriate restriction endonuclease before loading on the gel. The amount of intact DNA molecules is obtained by integrating the corresponding peak of absorption after densitometric scan of the negative of the gel picture. This assay can detect up to eight damaged sites per duplex molecule. This method could be particularly useful when dealing with mixtures of DNA with different degrees of supercoiling or for comparisons between linear and circular DNA substrates.     

电位法测定明胶的还原性

使用电位滴定法测定了30种不同类型的LAG明胶的还原性,并进行了比较。结果表明:不同工艺过程,不同原料所制造的明胶的还原性大不相同。即使是同属于一种类型的惰胶,它们的还原性仍表现出了很大的差别。由于工艺条件的不同,明胶中还原组份的组成和化学本性可以有较大的差别,从而导致明胶的还原性质也会大不相同。这在一定程度上能解释同一类型的惰胶在照相性能上的差别。     

THE ROLE OF SURFACE FORCES IN FOULING OF STAINLESS STEEL IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY

The major cause of fouling of processing equipment in the Dairy Industry used for the pasteurization of milk and whey resides in particle formation in the bulk of the dairy fluid. As a result of processing at elevated temperatures, the heat sensitive whey proteins aggregate and calcium phosphate becomes insoluble and precipitates. Hence, the process of fouling can be understood as a subsequent deposition of these particles onto the heating surface.

On the basis of model calculations it is demonstrated that at neutral pH both the calcium phosphate particles, and to a limited extent also the whey proteins, are attracted by stainless steel. This is the result of the monopolar character of steel, which leads in an aqueous environment to an attractive Lewis acid/base interaction term with both components. In combination with the Lifshitz-van der Waals contribution both contributions to the overall interaction are sufficiently large to overcome the electrostatic repulsion at the given pH.

This result points to the specific role of stainless steel in the process of fouling and has far reaching consequences for the way the process of fouling can be controlled as the behaviour of the contaminants, e.g. their heat sensitivity, can not be altered.     

In vivo PHOTODEGRADATION OF CHLORPROMAZINE

The in vivo photodegradation of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in the skin was investigated after systemic administration of 3H-CPZ to shaven Wistar rats and exposure to UV-A. Promazine (PZ) and 2-hydroxy-promazine (2-OH-PZ) appeared to be formed in irradiated rats, but not in the skin of rats kept in the dark. This indicates that upon irradiation with UV-A the PZ-radical is formed which can be held responsible for the photobinding to eye and skin constituents as observed earlier [Schoonderwoerd and Beijersbergen von Henegouwen (1987) Photochem. Photobiol. 46, 501-505]. Chlorpromazine-sulfoxide (CPZSO) is a major metabolite of CPZ. Less CPZSO was found in the skin of irradiated rats compared to those kept in the dark. As this appeared not to be caused by photobinding or photodegradation of CPZSO it can be concluded that CPZSO is not a photoproduct of CPZ under these experimental conditions. This study shows that the in vivo photodegradation of CPZ proceeds via the promazinyl radical rather than via the radical cation.