相位共轭激光器的能量反馈与双稳态

通过数值求解稳态下的PCL输运方程，研究了三种形式的能量反馈型PCL的特性。     

Semiconductor laser with external resonant grating mirror

A resonant grating composed of an ion exchanged slab waveguide on a glass substrate with a corrugation grating at its surface is shown to perform as a wavelength selective external mirror of a semiconductor laser. Preliminary wavelength tuning is demonstrated.     

Semiconductor laser stabilization by external optical feedback

A report is presented on a general theory describing the effect of external optical feedback on the steady-state noise characteristics of single-mode semiconductor lasers. The theory is valid for arbitrarily strong feedback and arbitrary optical feedback configuration and spectrum. A generalized Langevin rate equation is derived. The equation is, in general, infinite order in d/dt constituting an infinite-order correction to the low-frequency weak-feedback analysis. The general formalism includes relaxation oscillations and permits analysis of the effect of feedback on the laser linewidth, frequency noise, relative intensity noise, and the relaxation oscillation sidebands in the field spectrum. The theory is applied to two important feedback configurations: the laser coupled to a single mirror and the laser coupled to a high-Q cavity     

Semiconductor laser linewidth in optical feedback configurations

We present a theoretical analysis for semiconductor laser linewidth, employing optical feedback. This analysis is valid not only for weak feedback, but also for strong feedback including multiple reflections. The experimental result reported so far under a strong feedback condition is well explained.     

Three-mirror resonator with aspheric feedback mirror for laser spatial mode selection and mode shaping

The spatial-mode characteristics are studied for a three-mirror resonator consisting of a diffractive aspheric third mirror aligned collinearly with a standing-wave two-mirror resonator. Simulations predict that enhanced spatial-mode selection and mode shaping can be achieved by this three-mirror cavity. A three-mirror Nd:YVO/sub 4/ solid-state laser with an optimized aspheric third mirror has been designed and implemented to oscillate in a designed fundamental Gaussian mode. The modal discrimination was measured to be 1.43 and the propagation factor M/sup 2/ was 1.02.     

采用移频反馈的SOA多波长光纤环形激光器

文章报道了一种基于移频反馈的半导体光放大器(SOA)多波长光纤环形激光器,其环腔内插入声光调制器作为移频器,用自制的光纤马赫-曾德干涉仪进行梳状滤波,在输出光谱1.5 dB带宽为21.7 nm范围内,获得了间隔50 GHz的54个稳定的多波长连续光激射,消光比为28 dB.该激光器具有工作稳定性好、输出光谱宽和不同波长功率平坦度高的优点.实验证明,移频反馈技术能够实现激光器不同起振波长间的增益均衡,使输出光谱带宽增大21.7%.     

利用掺杂铌酸锂作相位共轭镜的全光学联想记忆系统

最近,一种用光学方法模拟神经网络的最新研究成果将全息和相位共轭技术结合起来,完成了一种所谓全光学联想记忆系统。光源是氩离子激光器,记忆元件——全息图的记录材料是热塑片,具有反馈、取域和增益功能的非线性元件——相位共轭镜(PCM)由BaTiO_3晶体构成。 本工作是在[2]装置的基础上,选用掺杂LiNbO_3晶体作为相位共轭镜而实现了全光学联想记忆系统。在我们的系统中,利用He-Ne激光器作为照明光源,使用掺杂LiNbO_3晶体来做PCM实现联想记忆。图1是全光学联想记忆系统的示意图。     

Picosecond switching dynamics of a bistable-wavelength-latchtwo-segment distributed feedback laser

The bistable-wavelength-latch operation of a two-segment distributed-feedback laser was observed and characterized. Short electrical trigger pulses were used to demonstrate mode power switching in less than 200 ps with only 450-ps delay between set and reset pulses. Spectrally resolved measurements show transient spectral broadening during the bistable wavelength switching. Fast laser wavelength switching is important for wavelength-division-multiplex photonic switching systems     

Application of a phase-conjugate Brillouin mirror to generation ofhigh-quality variable-duration KrF pulses

Phase conjugation by Brillouin scattering in SF₆ gas has been implemented on a two-pass KrF amplifier to provide near-diffraction-limited output pulses having a very low background level of amplified spontaneous emission. The pulse duration is variable between 1 and 10 ns by simply attenuating the input pulse. These pulses have also been used for the generation of much shorter duration pulses by truncated Brillouin scattering at the surface of cyclohexane     

Art output mirror for fir laser

ATR prism was used firstly as the FIR laser output coupler. Such output mirror possesses good separation of the pump (λ≈10µm) and FIR radiation without losses. Transmittance of this mirror can be simply controlled by adjustment of gap between two output prisms. The dependence of mirror output characteristics on pump radiation polarization, prism refractive index, gap between prisms are under consideration.     

半导体可饱和吸收镜中电场的分析和计算

简要介绍了在飞秒激光器中提供自启动机制的半导体可饱和吸收镜 (SESAM)的主要功能特点以及相关膜层结构的发展过程 ;着重阐述了半导体可饱和吸收镜膜层结构中电场分布以及反射率和反射带宽的影响 ,同时对三种不同结构的半导体可饱和吸收镜反射率作了分析比较。     

飞秒激光作用下啁啾镜膜层内损伤相关动力学

光学元器件的激光损伤问题,一直以来都困扰着超强超短激光系统的进一步发展。飞秒激光领域,激光脉冲引起的光学器件损伤主要由材料的本征特性决定。光学材料内的多光子电离、雪崩电离、导带电子弛豫等一系列非线性过程,与材料的激光损伤过程密切相关。利用泵浦探测技术,采用中心波长为800 nm,重复频率1 kHz的飞秒激光脉冲,对Nb2O5/SiO2啁啾镜介质膜的内部与飞秒激光损伤相关的超快动力学进行了研究。发现强的泵浦光脉冲辐照结束后飞秒乃至几十皮秒的范围内,啁啾镜对探测光的反射率有一定程度的下降。反射率降低的主要原因是泵浦光在介质膜的Nb2O5层内激发的大量的自由电子对探测光吸收所致,且该过程对激光诱导损伤过程起主导作用。通过反射率的变化,对其介质膜内导带电子弛豫过程进行探究,测定得到其衰减寿命,分别为1.31、6.88、22.34 ps。     

Semiconductor mirror for optical noise suppression and dynamic dispersion compensation

We report on a monolithic Gires-Tournois semiconductor interferometer used for both suppression of low-intensity spontaneous noise in a high-power fiber amplifier and to generate a tunable delay. The potential of the noise suppression technique was demonstrated using a two-stage amplifier system. Gain improvement by a factor of five illustrates the capability of semiconductor gates to greatly enhance energy extraction from optical amplifiers. We demonstrate also that controllable saturable absorption in an optically pumped multiple-quantum-well semiconductor reflector provides promising means for rapidly changing the group delay of the reflector and represents a new form of dynamic dispersion compensator.     

Nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser with delayed negative optoelectronic feedback

Nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser with delayed negative optoelectronic feedback are studied both numerically and experimentally. Mappings of the dynamic states and bifurcation diagrams are compared between a delayed negative optoelectronic feedback system and a delayed positive optoelectronic feedback system. Both systems follow a quasiperiodic route to chaos, where regular pulsing, quasiperiodic pulsing, and chaotic pulsing states are observed. Frequency-locked pulsing states are also found in a delayed negative optoelectronic feedback system, but not in a delayed positive optoelectronic feedback system. These frequency-locked pulsing states are experimentally observed to exhibit a harmonic frequency-locking phenomenon, where the pulsing frequency is locked to a harmonic of the delay loop frequency instead of the delay loop frequency itself. The rotation numbers of these frequency-locked pulsing states show a Devil's staircase structure.     

Reflection loss of laser mode from tilted end mirror

The reflection of the lowest-order guided TE mode of a slab waveguide from a tilted end mirror is discussed. The problem is applicable to injection lasers if the slab is regarded as an effective refractive index approximation of the channel or ridge waveguide of the laser structure. For a mode width of 3 μm, 5° mirror tilt results in reflection losses in excess of 25 dB; for modes of 6-μm width, 5° mirror tilt causes reflection losses in excess of 45 dB. For small tilt angles the results of this calculation agree with those based on a Gaussian approximation of the guided mode. For larger angles, and hence higher reflection losses, the results depart significantly from the Gaussian approximation     

An 8.2 J phase-conjugate solid-state laser coherently combiningeight parallel amplifiers

We describe a phase-conjugate master oscillator-power amplifier configuration in which as many as eight parallel flashlamp-pumped Cr:Nd:GSGG amplifiers and four parallel CD*A frequency doubling crystals were coherently combined. Operating at a pulse repetition frequency of 1.25 Hz, we demonstrated an output energy of 8.2 J at 1 μm and 4.4 J at 530 nm for a 54% frequency-doubling efficiency. This effort represents the highest reported output energy achieved using coherent coupling via phase conjugation. In subsequent experiments at a pulse repetition frequency of 5 Hz, we produced ~22 W of 1.06 μm average power with a beam quality that was ~2.5 times diffraction-limited. The observed far-field intensity profile indicates that we achieved effective and consistent compensation of optical-path length differences among the multiple parallel amplifiers and frequency-doubling crystals     

Semiconductor pump laser technology

Recent progress in high-power semiconductor lasers for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers is described, focusing on 1.48-μm InGaAsP/InP lasers and 0.98-μm InGaAs/GaAs lasers. The experimental output powers exceed 200 mW (the maximum power was 325 mW) for 1.48-μm lasers, and simulation results indicate that over 400 mW could be obtained by optimizing parameters in strained-layer (SL) multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers. Stable operation over a few thousand hours under 100-mW power is demonstrated for liquid-phase-epitaxy-grown lasers, MQW lasers, and SL-MQW lasers grown by all-metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). For 0.98-μm lasers, improvement in the fiber coupling efficiencies and long-term reliabilities are described. Their power coupled into a single-mode fiber has reached over 100 mW, with coupling efficiencies of approximately 40%. Although reliability seems to be one of the drawbacks compared with 1.48-μm lasers, stable operation for over 10,000 h at 50°C and 30 mW has been reported     

A Schmitt trigger with current mirror feedback

The circuit of a simple trigger with positive feedback via the current mirror (with gain) and the resistive divider is proposed. The circuit operation is described and the hysteresis voltage is obtained. The basic design limitations are introduced. Both versions (CMOS and bipolar) are considered.     

半导体激光二极管触发GaAs光导开关

半导体激光二极管触发下砷化镓（GaAs）光导开关工作于雪崩模式,为此设计了异面体结构的GaAs 光导开关以提高开关场强.设计的开关芯片厚度为2 mm,电极间隙为3 mm,利用半导体激光二极管对开关进行触发实验.当开关充电电压超过8 kV 后,开关输出脉冲幅度显著增强,输出脉冲前沿快于光脉冲,开关开始雪崩工作模式.随着开关电场不断增加,开关输出电压幅值也线性增加,但开关输出波形没有改变.对开关抖动进行测试,其测试结果显示开关偏压对抖动影响很大,随着开关偏压增加,开关抖动减小,当开关偏压升至15 kV 时,开关获得最小抖动约500 ps.     

Nonlinear dynamics of a laser diode with optical feedback systemssubject to modulation

The nonlinear dynamic behavior of a direct frequency-modulated diode laser with strong optical feedback is examined and compared to a laser diode subject to electro-optically modulated, strong optical feedback. Direct modulation is achieved by sinusoidal modulation of the diode laser injection current. Electro-optic modulation is achieved by applying a sinusoidal voltage to an intracavity phase modulating element. The output state (characterized by the output power versus time, the intensity noise spectrum and the optical frequency spectrum) for both types of modulation is dependent on the ratio of the modulation frequency to the external cavity resonant frequency, and the modulation power. A number of distinct states are observed: conventional amplitude modulation (with FM spectra); multimode, low-noise amplitude modulation; multimode, high-noise amplitude modulation; periodic limit-cycle operation; quasi-periodicity; chaos; low-frequency fluctuations; and mode-locking. There are significant differences between the direct and electro-optic frequency-modulation cases. The onset of the dynamic instability is characterized as a noisy period-one oscillation for direct modulation and a low-frequency fluctuation for intracavity electro-optic modulation. Phase portraits produced experimentally with the use of a digital phosphor oscilloscope are shown to agree well with those constructed from output power versus time data. This represents an experimental method for examining the dynamics phase portraits in real-time