The peculiarities of coupled electromagnetic and magnetoelastic waves in antiferromagnets

A spectrum of coupled electromagnetic, spin and elastic waves in a two-sublattice antiferromagnet with weak ferromagnetism is theoretically investigated. The influence of the g-factor anisotropy and the transverse and longitudinal relaxation in magnetic subsystem on the spectrum of coupled waves is considered. The most changes of dispersion laws occurred in long-wavelength approximation and near the spin reorientation point, then the vectors of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism reoriented onto another crystallographic axis. It is shown that the magnetoelastic, the Dzyaloshinsky and the dipole interactions, the anisotropy of g-factor, the external magnetic field and the longitudinal susceptibility determine the activation of quasiferromagnetic waves. The dispersion laws of quasielectromagnetic and quasielastic waves can change from linear dependence to square. At large damping in magnetic subsystem, one from these modes can become the pure relaxation one.     

Strong enhancement of superconducting T(c) in ferromagnetic phases

It is shown that the critical temperature for spin-triplet, p-wave superconductivity mediated by spin fluctuations is generically much higher in a Heisenberg ferromagnetic phase than in a paramagnetic one, due to the coupling of the magnons to the longitudinal magnetic susceptibility. Together with the tendency of the low-temperature ferromagnetic transition in very clean Heisenberg magnets to be of first order, this qualitatively explains the phase diagram recently observed in UGe(2).     

Spin waves on the surface of the nonferromagnetic nanotube in magnetic field

Propagating in the nonferromagnetic electron gas on the cylindrical nanotube's surface spin waves in longitudinal magnetic field are considered. The spectrum of electrons in the Hartree-Fock approximation was applied. The dynamic spin susceptibility of a degenerate electron gas was derived using the random phase approximation. The spectra of intra-subband and inter-subband magnons were calculated in quasiclassical and quantum limits. The quantity of spin waves spectrum branches depends on the amount of filled subbands. In case the filled subband numbers are large, the wave's frequencies undergo oscillations of de Haas-van Alphen and Aharonov-Bohm types with the electron density and the magnetic induction changes.     

Sound attenuation study on the bose-Einstein condensation of magnons in TlCuCl3

We investigate experimentally and theoretically sound attenuation in the quantum spin system TlCuCl3 in magnetic fields at low temperatures. Near the point of Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons a sharp peak in the sound attenuation is observed. The peak demonstrates a hysteresis as a function of the magnetic field pointing to a first-order contribution to the transition. The sound damping has a Drude-like form arising as a result of hard-core magnon-magnon collisions. The strength of the coupling between lattice and magnons is estimated from the experimental data. The puzzling relationship between the transition temperature and the concentration of magnons is explained by their "relativistic" dispersion.     

Probing anomalous longitudinal fluctuations of the interacting Bose gas via Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons

The emergence of a finite staggered magnetization in quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnets subject to a uniform magnetic field can be viewed as Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons. Using nonperturbative results for the infrared behavior of the interacting Bose gas, we present exact results for the staggered spin-spin correlation functions of quantum antiferromagnets in a magnetic field at zero temperature. In particular, we show that in dimensions 1相似文献   

Dynamics of dilute spin systems in random fluctuating magnetic fields

The problem of stochastic evolution of dilute spins in a randomly fluctuating environment is considered within the frameworks of the Schrödinger equation with Gaussian fluctuating magnetic fields. The evolution equations for the averaged correlators are derived and it is shown that the density matrix of a spin system coupled with the thermoequilibrium fluctuations of fields tends asymptotically with time to the thermodynamic density matrix. The general results are illustrated by examples of coupling with magnons, phonons, and relaxation in paramagnetics. The evolution of spins in artificial high-frequency stochastic fields (Simonius' effect) is also considered. The high-temperature limit and the limit of classical spins are considered separately and the applicability of the Bloch equations is discussed. Then the results are generalized to the single-ion anisotropy and movable spins. Finally, it is shown how the results can be generalized to multi-spin systems.     

自旋波-声子耦合对反铁磁体红外吸收谱的影响

由于交换作用常数受到磁离子间距离变化的影响是不可忽略的,在磁有序物质中存在自旋波和声子的耦合作用。本文探讨了非金属反铁磁体中自旋波-声子耦合在红外吸收谱上可能有的表现,辐射场的电偶极矩作用在激发一个光频支声子的同时,通过自旋波-声子耦合又激发两个自旋波和一个声子,这就在晶格吸收谱的高频边缘以外形成附加吸收带。当反铁磁体的Néel点足够高,并且自施波态密度有尖锐的极大值时,附加吸收带就有超出晶格吸收边缘足够大的能量,且有明显的峯形,上述吸收峯就应在实验上观测到。把这一结果应用于NiO,解释了它的红外光谱中0.24电子伏的附加吸收峯,计算得到与实验相符合的吸收能量和吸收强度,并指出这一吸收机构只能在反铁磁体中而不能在铁磁体中发生。本文最后指出,Mizuno和Koide在企图解释同一现象的工作中,所探讨者相对于本文所考虑的跃迁机构,它只可能产生极其次要的贡献。     

Calculations of ferromagnetic surface dynamics using the Green's functions theory and matching procedure

A Heisenberg model is employed to study the spin fluctuation dynamics on a (001) ferromagnetic surface using a new theoretical formalism. The solution of the full magnetic problem arising from the absence of magnetic translation symmetry in one dimension due to the presence of a magnetic surface is presented. The calculations are described using simultaneously a closed form of the spin-wave Green's function and the matching procedure in the random-phase approximation. Analytic expressions for the Green's functions are also derived in a low-temperature spin-wave approximation. The theoretical approach determines the bulk and evanescent spin fluctuation fields in the two dimensional plane normal to the surface. The results are used to calculate the localised modes of magnons associated with the surface. Numerical examples of the modes are given and they are found to exhibit various effects due to the interplay between the bulk and surface modes. It is shown that there may be surface spin-waves that decay in amplitude with distance into the bulk domain. Also the bulk spin fluctuations field as well as the magnons localised at the surface depend on the nature of the bulk-surface coupling exchange. The unstable surface magnetic configurations are illustrated and discussed. The results derived from the dynamic correlation functions between a pair of spin operators at any two sites are employed to evaluate the spin deviation in the ferromagnet due to localised surface modes obtained by the matching procedure as a function of temperature. Received 21 April 2002 / Received in final form 25 October 2002 Published online 14 March 2003     

Elementary spin excitations in ultrathin itinerant magnets

Elementary spin excitations (magnons) play a fundamental role in condensed matter physics, since many phenomena e.g. magnetic ordering, electrical (as well as heat) transport properties, ultrafast magnetization processes, and most importantly electron/spin dynamics can only be understood when these quasi-particles are taken into consideration. In addition to their fundamental importance, magnons may also be used for information processing in modern spintronics.     

Nonlinear coupling and relaxation of fluctuations and the central peak

A simple model Hamiltonian for a structural phase transition is discussed. It is shown that using the modecular field approximation one obtains a nonlinear coupling of the order parameter and entropy fluctuations. This results in a central peak in the order parameter fluctuation spectrum. The width of the central peak is proportional to the entropy relaxation rate.     

Magnetic relaxation in UCu4 + xAl8 - x

A quasielastic neutron scattering study has been performed on UCu_4+xAl_8-x, a system which reveals an alloying-induced transition from magnetic order to heavy-fermion behavior. The magnetic response can be described by a broad quasielastic Lorentzian for all concentrations. No crystal field excitations could be detected. Remarkably, the linewidth decreases with increasing hybridization strength and seems to be no measure of the Kondo lattice temperature T*. In addition, electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments were performed which revealed that, even in the heavy-fermion regime, spin fluctuations play an important role. Both experimental findings are in distinct contrast to cerium-based heavy fermion systems.     

Magnetic resonance of paramagnetic ion-nuclei in metals and superconductors

The magnetic resonance lineshape of paramagnetic ion-nuclei in metals is calculated using the temperature Green functions method and is analyzed for limiting cases of fast and slow spin lattice relaxation of localized moments. The longitudinal spin lattice relaxation rate for paramagnetic ion-nuclei in type II superconductors due to the hyperfine coupling with local moments is calculated. The influence of the fluctuation coupling of electrons on relaxation of paramagnetic ion-nuclei in “dirty” type II superconductors is investigated in magnetic field slightly above the upper critical field H_c2.     

Longitudinal response of the spin system of a metal to modulated EPR saturation at arbitrary modulation frequency and detuning of the saturating field

The theory of the longitudinal (with respect to an external magnetic field) response of a combined spin system of localized paramagnetic centers (s subsystem) and free charge carriers (e subsystem) of a solid semiconductor to modulated saturation of EPR is developed. In contrast to relevant studies made earlier, the general case is considered of an arbitrary modulation frequency and arbitrary detuning of the saturating microwave field with respect to the central EPR frequency. A theoretical approach is used in which normal modes are considered in analyzing coupled oscillations of the spin magnetizations of the s and e subsystems. It is shown that, in the case of relaxation coupling between the subsystems, the longitudinal response recorded at the modulation frequency can be represented as the sum of the responses of the normal modes, each of which is described by a universal resonance lineshape that is different, in general, from the Lorentzian lineshape characteristic of EPR signals. In the extreme cases of weak and strong coupling, simple analytical formulas are derived. The results presented form a theoretical basis for applying the method of modulated longitudinal response for measuring very short longitudinal spin relaxation times in semiconductors with paramagnetic impurities. As an example, experimental data are presented for activated carbon containing stable free radicals.     

Spin waves in the easy-plane ferromagnets

The modified version of the spin operator diagram technique is presented with regard to the dynamical properties of the easy-plane ferromagnets. The non-interacting spin wave (SW) spectrum and scattering amplitudes are obtained with the help of the spin Hamiltonian diagonalization procedure⁸). The SW relaxation frequencies due to the processes of the SW scattering on each other and on the longitudinal spin components thermal fluctuations are calculated.     

Self-trapping of magnon Bose-Einstein condensates in the ground state and on excited levels: from harmonic to box confinement

Long-lived coherent spin precession of (3)He-B at low temperatures around 0.2T(c) is a manifestation of Bose-Einstein condensation of spin-wave excitations or magnons in a magnetic trap which is formed by the order-parameter texture and can be manipulated experimentally. When the number of magnons increases, the orbital texture reorients under the influence of the spin-orbit interaction and the profile of the trap gradually changes from harmonic to a square well, with walls almost impenetrable to magnons. This is the first experimental example of Bose condensation in a box. By selective rf pumping the trap can be populated with a ground-state condensate or one at any of the excited energy levels. In the latter case the ground state is simultaneously populated by relaxation from the exited level, forming a system of two coexisting condensates.     

Low-frequency resonance increase in the resistance of a microcontact between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic metals

The magnetic dynamics of a mesoscopic three-dimensional magnet has been studied by measuring the resistance of a nanodimensional (point) microcontact between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic metals. The resistance was measured by a modulation technique under conditions where a significant role was played by dipole-dipole interaction, magnetic field, and dissipation. It was found that the resistance of the microcontact exhibits resonance growth at low frequencies (～10³ s^?1). The properties of resonances are described by a model of microcontact gyromagnetic oscillations (MCGMOs) based on mutual transformation of spin and mechanical angular momentum. Experimental techniques, basic properties, and the MCGMO model are described. The passage of an electric current through the interface between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic metals leads to nonequilibrium magnetization localized at the interface. A high current density in the microcontact determines the strong excitation of magnetization (high density of magnons) at which the interaction between magnons becomes significant. In a uniaxial magnet, the attraction of magnons leads to the formation of a spatially localized configuration of gapless long-wavelength magnons (magnetic soliton). At a given excitation of magnetization, the vector structure of a magnetic soliton possesses a minimum free energy (configuration energy minimum). The configuration energy minimum of a magnetic soliton is responsible for the radical increase in the soliton spin relaxation time, which determines the fundamental possibility of exciting stationary low-frequency MCGMOs.     

Charge degree of freedom and the single-spin fluid model in YBa2Cu4O8

We present a 17O nuclear magnetic resonance study in the stoichiometric superconductor YBa2Cu4O8. A double irradiation method enables us to show that, below around 200 K, the spin-lattice relaxation rate of plane oxygen is not only driven by magnetic fluctuations, but also significantly by quadrupolar fluctuations, i. e., low-frequency charge fluctuations. In the superconducting state, on lowering the temperature, the quadrupolar relaxation diminishes faster than the magnetic one. These findings show that, with the opening of the spin pseudogap, a charge degree of freedom of mainly oxygen character is present in the electronic low-energy excitation spectrum.     

Spectrum and relaxation of longwavelength magnons in disordered ferromagnetic metals

In the framework of the spin operator diagram technique the spectrum and relaxation frequency of longwavelength magnons in disordered ferromagnetic metals described by s-d(f)-exchange model are considered. The damping and the stiffness constant renormalization of Goldstone magnon mode due to combined magnon-electron-atomic inhomogeneity scattering process are calculated. The comparison of results obtained with available experimental data on spin wave resonance linewidths is carried out.     

Inhomogeneous low frequency spin dynamics in La(1.65)Eu(0.2)Sr(0.15)CuO(4)

We report Cu and La nuclear magnetic resonance measurements in the title compound that reveal an inhomogeneous glassy behavior of the spin dynamics. A low temperature peak in the La spin lattice relaxation rate and the "wipeout" of Cu intensity both arise from these slow electronic spin fluctuations that reveal a distribution of activation energies. Inhomogeneous slowing of spin fluctuations appears to be a general feature of doped lanthanum cuprate.     

Magnetic long-range order induced by quantum relaxation in single-molecule magnets

Can magnetic interactions between single-molecule magnets (SMMs) in a crystal establish long-range magnetic order at low temperatures deep in the quantum regime, where the only electron spin fluctuations are due to incoherent magnetic quantum tunneling (MQT)? Put inversely: can MQT provide the temperature dependent fluctuations needed to destroy the ordered state above some finite T(c), although it should basically itself be a T-independent process? Our experiments on two novel Mn4 SMMs provide a positive answer to the above, showing at the same time that MQT in the SMMs has to involve spin-lattice coupling at a relaxation rate equaling that predicted and observed recently for nuclear-spin-mediated quantum relaxation.