轮胎结构分析的一般壳体精化理论

基于一般壳体理论和Reddy型剪切精化理论,发展出适用于充气轮胎的结构非线性分析的一般壳体精化理论.为获得一个具有解析结构的近似解,将Bezier多项式用于分片描述轮胎几何形状和位移场,应用Rayleigh-Ritz 法构造轮胎在充气内压作用下的内力、变形和层间应力的解.这一模型具有任意铺层性、复杂曲面逼近便捷和求解精度可控等优点.为比较起见,文中还对轮胎结构作了三维有限元数值分析.两种方法的综合比较表明,该文提出的轮胎模型不仅预测结果精确,而且大大节省计算量.     

免充气轮胎下沉量及封闭型菱形多孔结构分析

以鸟巢结构式免充气轮胎为研究对象,建立了该免充气轮胎的计算模型。提出了免充气轮胎多孔结构封闭式下沉量算法,应用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件对封闭型菱形多孔结构单向相对弹性模量进行了拟合分析。将该免充气轮胎下沉量的理论计算值、有限元仿真结果以及同型号充气轮胎的实验结果进行了对比。结果表明该免充气轮胎多孔结构封闭式下沉量算法能够近似计算该免充气轮胎的下沉量。     

旋转SMA纤维混杂复合材料薄壁梁的自由振动

研究具有SMA主动纤维的旋转复合材料单闭室薄壁截面梁的耦合自由振动问题.基于Hamilton原理并结合SMA纤维复合材料薄壁梁的二维截面内力(矩)与位移(转角)关系方程,导出旋转单闭室截面薄壁复合材料梁的1D耦合自由振动分析模型.该模型还考虑薄壁梁调矩角和预锥角的作用.采用Galerkin法求解振动模型,获得梁耦合振动固有频率的近似解.将本文建立的模型与计算方法,应用在周向均匀刚度配置(CUS)构型和周向反对称刚度配置(CAS)两种典型的复合材料薄壁的振动分析,获得了挥舞-摆振耦合、解耦扭转振动以及挥舞-摆振-扭转耦合振动固有频率近似解.通过数值计算揭示了SMA纤维含量与初始应变、铺层角、旋转速度、调矩角以及预锥角对各种耦合形式的振动固有频率的影响规律.     

带圆开孔的弹性约束适度椭圆板的自由振动分析

采用弹性理论并结合边界摄动技术,对带中心圆孔的适度椭圆薄板的自由振动基频进行了分析．当薄板的内边界受弹性约束,外边界为自由,导出了自由振动基频的解析解．同时,利用ANSYS软件进行了数值模拟,通过经典边界条件下基频结果的对比,验证了基于本文理论解的计算结果的精确性．本方法可以有效用于处理具有曲线边界的薄板结构的自由振动问题．     

ANALYTICAL STUDY ON GROUND VIBRATION INDUCED BY MOVING VEHICLE 1)

本文从汽车动力学出发,建立 1/4 汽车与半空间地基耦合振动的动力学模型,并采用弹性滚子接触模型来反映轮胎包容性. 模型中同时考虑轮-地之间的纵向和竖向作用力,构建系统动力控制方程,利用 Fourier 和 Laplace 积分变换进行求解,推导出地表振动位移的解析解. 在数值算例中,利用离散傅里叶逆变换和 Crump 法进行数值反演,得出地表振动位移的空间分布,由此讨论了轮胎着地长度和轮-地相互作用力的变化规律,并对地表振动位移的参数影响作出分析. 结果表明,地面不平度对轮-地之间作用力的影响最为显著,地面越不平顺则轮-地作用力和地表振动位移越大. 车速对轮-地作用力的大小影响有限,但对载荷激励频率影响较大,车速增大则激励频率增大,地表振动位移随之增大. 在较低车速时,轮胎包容性对轮-地作用力和地表振动产生一定影响,轮胎充气压力增大,轮-地作用力和地表振动位移增大,但随着车速升高,这种影响将逐渐消失.     

具有非线性复刚度的复阻尼振动系统的摄动解

本文首次用摄动法获得了具有非线性复刚度的复阻尼振动系统的自由振动和强迫振动的解，并对这类问题作出了较为详尽的讨论，计算结果与试验结果几乎一致。     

汽车行驶诱发地表振动的解析研究

本文从汽车动力学出发,建立 1/4 汽车与半空间地基耦合振动的动力学模型,并采用弹性滚子接触模型来反映轮胎包容性. 模型中同时考虑轮-地之间的纵向和竖向作用力,构建系统动力控制方程,利用 Fourier 和 Laplace 积分变换进行求解,推导出地表振动位移的解析解. 在数值算例中,利用离散傅里叶逆变换和 Crump 法进行数值反演,得出地表振动位移的空间分布,由此讨论了轮胎着地长度和轮-地相互作用力的变化规律,并对地表振动位移的参数影响作出分析. 结果表明,地面不平度对轮-地之间作用力的影响最为显著,地面越不平顺则轮-地作用力和地表振动位移越大. 车速对轮-地作用力的大小影响有限,但对载荷激励频率影响较大,车速增大则激励频率增大,地表振动位移随之增大. 在较低车速时,轮胎包容性对轮-地作用力和地表振动产生一定影响,轮胎充气压力增大,轮-地作用力和地表振动位移增大,但随着车速升高,这种影响将逐渐消失.      

压电功能梯度板自由振动的三维解

基于三维弹性理论和压电理论,导出了有限长矩形压电功能梯度板的动力学方程及相应的边界条件,并用幂级数展开法进行了求解.得到了压电功能梯度板自由振动的三维精确解公式,求解了自由振动的固有频率,并分析了压电系数的梯度变化对不同电学边界条件下压电板的自由振动频率的影响.结果可用于校核不同的近似理论及理解压电结构的动态行为.     

子午胎三维大变形有限元分析

本文将大变形理论应用于子午胎三维有限元结构分析,分析了充气轮胎在竖向加载条件下的位移场.应变场及应力场.计算结果与已有的实验资料相比较,是令人满意的.     

一维六方准晶层合简支梁自由振动与屈曲的精确解

伪Stroh型公式能够将多场耦合材料的控制方程转化为线性特征系统来求解,从而获得多层结构简支边界条件的精确解.本文利用伪Stroh型公式,研究一维六方准晶层合简支梁的自由振动和屈曲问题,通过传递矩阵法,获得准晶层合梁自由振动固有频率与临界屈曲载荷的精确解.通过与已有梁的剪切变形理论结果比较,验证了本文伪Stroh型公式的正确性和有效性.通过数值算例,分析由两种不同准晶材料组成的三明治层合梁的叠层方式、高跨比、层厚比及层数对梁的固有频率、临界屈曲载荷及其模态的影响规律.结果表明,叠层顺序和梁的高跨比、层厚比对准晶层合梁的自由振动固有频率和临界屈曲载荷有很大影响,可通过调整梁的几何尺寸和叠层顺序得到准晶层合梁的最佳固有频率和临界屈曲载荷.本文给出的精确解可为工程上研究准晶梁的各种数值解法和实验方法提供理论参考.     

Theoretical and experimental analysis of the contact between a solid-rubber tire and a chassis dynamometer

We consider the problem of modeling the test where a solid-rubber tire runs on a chassis dynamometer for determining the tire rolling resistance characteristics.We state the problem of free steady-state rolling of the tire along the test drum with the energy scattering in the rubber in the course of cyclic deformation taken into account. The viscoelastic behavior of the rubber is described by the Bergströ m–Boyce model whose numerical parameters are experimentally determined from the results of compression tests with specimens. The finite element method is used to obtain the solution of the three-dimensional viscoelasticity problem. To estimate the adequacy of the constructed model, we compare the numerical results with the results obtained in the solid-rubber tire tests on the Hasbach stand from the values of the rolling resistance forces for various loads on the tire.     

一种变厚度的精化壳体理论及其应用

在Reddy型高阶壳体理论的基础上，采用沿壳体厚度方向的剪切应变呈抛物线分布并且能够满足在壳体的上下表面为零的假设，发展出了一种适合于对变厚度壳体进行非线性分析的方法。该方法利用Ritz原理得到问题的控制方程。通过对一种典型的变厚度壳体结构（子午线轮胎）的结构分析，该方法的计算结果与商用有限元软件的三维分析结果能够很好的吻合。表明了该方法的适用性和有效性。     

Fractional-order PWC systems without zero Lyapunov exponents

In this paper, it is shown numerically that a class of fractional-order piece-wise continuous systems, which depend on a single real bifurcation parameter, have no zero Lyapunov exponents but can be chaotic or hyperchaotic with hidden attractors. Although not analytically proved, this conjecture is verified on several systems including a fractional-order piece-wise continuous hyperchaotic system, a piece-wise continuous chaotic Chen system, a piece-wise continuous variant of the chaotic Shimizu-Morioka system and a piece-wise continuous chaotic Sprott system. These systems are continuously approximated based on results of differential inclusions and selection theory, and numerically integrated with the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method for fractional-order differential equations. It is believed that the obtained results are valid for many, if not most, fractional-order PWC systems.     

The determination of the deflection, contact area, dimensions, and load carrying capacity for driven pneumatic tires operating on concrete pavement

In order to predict the performance of pneumatic tires with respect to rolling dimensions and traction, it is necessary to determine the relationships between a tire's dimensions and its behaviour under load. In this paper, mathematical expressions are given describing tire deflection, contact area dimensions, and load carrying capacity. A means of determining ply rating when the required load capacity and dimensions are known is also presented. The relationships are all based on the results of tire tests.     

The determination of deflection and contact characteristics of a pneumatic tire on a rigid surface

The contact pressure, contact area, contact width, contact length and vertical deflection of a pneumatic tire on a rigid surface depend on tire size, load and inflation pressure and can be derived by means of mathematical expressions. These expressions have been widely utilized and checked in practice for different tires.     

Three-dimensional modeling of tires

Modeling the stress-strain state of pneumatic tires in the conditions of steady-state and transient rolling is of interest for mechanics of composites and computational mechanics and important from the applied point of view. Mechanical models of various levels of complexity can be used for numerical modeling. In quite a few papers, the corresponding models are derived from the theory of orthotropic shells [1]. However, more thorough and accurate studies of the stress-strain state can be carried out on the basis of three-dimensional models based on the elasticity or viscoelasticity equations. As far as Russian authors are concerned, this approach has first been suggested and implemented in [2]. Another, combined approach uses both the shell theory and the three-dimensional equations of elasticity theory [3, 4]. This approach is reasonable, because the tire structure includes both volumes filled with rubber and thin layers of the rubber cord. The rubber cord layers can be considered as a composite whose structural components possess very different properties. Also, it is quite admissible to consider the rubber cord as a structure periodic in the horizontal projection. Note that the mathematical theory of periodic composites has been developed in [5]. Owing to strong anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the material, large shape distortions of the tire, and, in some cases, its large deformations, viscoelastic properties of rubber play an important role, so that the mechanic model of the tire turns out to be quite complex. The large property differences between various structural components make the matrix of the resulting system of linear equations ill-conditioned, which complicates its numerical solution [6].In this paper, theoretical aspects of a three-dimensional tire model and its numerical implementation are considered.     

冰面上轮胎摩擦牵引力的实验研究

研制开发了测试冰雪面轮胎力学特性的试验装置,该装置具有可作往复运动的平台冰槽。在不同冰基体温度下,分析了轮胎摩擦引力受侧偏角,载荷和轮胎充气压力的影响,从试验角度论证了轮胎中央充放气系统对改善冬季轮胎牵引性能的作用,该装置的建立将有利于轮胎新结构和新材料的开发,并起到完善现有轮胎力学模型的作用。     

A tire–ice model (TIM) for traction estimation

Increased traffic safety levels are of highest importance, especially when driving on icy roads. Experimental investigations for a detailed understanding of pneumatic tire performance on ice are expensive and time consuming. The changing ambient and ice conditions make it challenging to maintain repeatable test conditions during a test program. This paper presents a tire–ice contact model (TIM) to simulate the friction levels between the tire and the ice surface. The main goal of this model is to predict the tire–ice friction based on the temperature rise in the contact patch. The temperature rise prediction in the contact patch is based on the pressure distribution in the contact patch and on the thermal properties of the tread compound and of the ice surface. The contact patch is next classified into wet and dry regions based on the ice surface temperature and temperature rise simulations. The principle of thermal balance is then applied to compute the friction level in the contact patch. The tire–ice contact model is validated by comparing friction levels from simulations and experimental findings. Friction levels at different conditions of load, inflation pressure, and ice temperatures have been simulated using the tire–ice contact model and compared to experimental findings.     

On the dynamic behavior of agricultural tires

The dynamic behavior of vehicles which are equipped with pneumatic tires depends, to a degree, on the properties of the tire. Therefore, road handling and comfort are also affected by tire characteristics. When the inflation pressure is reduced one obtains a softer “spring”. The dynamic spring coefficient C_dyn increases with increasing rolling speed. Damping coefficient k is related to the excitation frequency by a power function. This function shows a sharp negative slope for low velocities. These conclusions apply to the tire types and test conditions described in this paper.