Measurement of the branching fractions and forward-backward asymmetries of the Z0 into light quarks

Using approximately 4.3 million hadronic Z⁰ decays collected with the OPAL detector at LEP between 1990 and 1995, we measure the branching fractions of the Z⁰ into up-type and down-type light quarks, Rq, and the forwardbackward asymmetries, A_FB(q), using high-momentum stable particles as a tag. Adopting a method that employs double tagged events to determine the flavour tagging efficiencies, and assuming the flavour independence of strong interactions and SU(2) isospin symmetry, we measure:     

Spin effects and the production of heavy baryons in Z0 boson decays

Predictions are made within the scope of perturbative quantum chromodynamics and the nonrelativistic two-quark baryon model of the magnitude and dependence uponz (the fraction of the momentum of the heavy quark carried off by the baryon) of the longitudinal spin asymmetry parameterA _RL in the direct creation of Λ _b and Λ _c baryons in theZ ⁰-boson channel in the LEPe ⁺ e ⁻ collider. An estimate is found for the value of in the cascade production of Λ _b baryons. Samara State University, Samara. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 66–75, February, 1999.     

Effect of Carrier Differences on Spin Polarized Injection into Organic and Inorganic Semiconductors

Spin polarized injection into organic and inorganic semiconductors are studied theoretically from the spin diffusion theory and Ohm＇s law, and the emphases are placed on the effect of the carrier differences on the current spin polarization. The mobility and the spin-flip time of carriers in organic and inorganic semiconductors are different. From the calculation, it is found that current spin polarization at a ferromagnetic/organic interface is higher than that at a ferromagnetic/inorganic interface because of different carriers in them. Effects of the conductivity matching, the spin dependent interracial resistances, and the bulk spin polarization of the ferromagnetic layer on the spin polarized injection are also discussed.     

Measurement of Cross Correlation between Dipolar Coupling and Chemical Shift Anisotropy in the Spin Relaxation ofC,N-Labeled Proteins

We present a simple method for extracting interference effects between chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) and dipolar coupling from spin relaxation measurements in macromolecules, and we apply this method to extracting cross-correlation rates involving interference of amide¹⁵N CSA and¹⁵N–¹H dipolar coupling and interference of carbonyl¹³C′ CSA and¹⁵N–¹³C′ dipolar coupling, in a small protein. A theoretical basis for the interpretation of these rates is presented. While it proves difficult to quantitatively separate the structural and dynamic contributions to these cross-correlation rates in the presence of anisotropic overall tumbling and a nonaxially symmetric chemical shift tensor, some useful qualitative correlations of data with protein structure can be seen when simplifying assumptions are made.     

Measurement of the Time-Dependent CP Asymmetry in B;{0}-->D_{CP};{(*)}h;{0} Decays

We report a measurement of the time-dependent CP-asymmetry parameters S and C in color-suppressed B{0}-->D{(*)0}h{0} decays, where h{0} is a pi{0}, eta, or omega meson, and the decays to one of the CP eigenstates K+K-, K{S}{0}pi{0}, or K{S}{0}omega. The data sample consists of 383 x 10{6} Upsilon(4S)-->BB decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. The results are S=-0.56+/-0.23+/-0.05 and C=-0.23+/-0.16+/-0.04, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.     

Measurement of Lifetime and Decay-Width Difference in B_{s};{0}-->J/psivarphi Decays

We measure the mean lifetime tau=2/(Gamma_{L}+Gamma_{H}) and the decay-width difference DeltaGamma=Gamma_{L}-Gamma_{H} of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the B_{s}{0} meson, B_{sL}{0} and B_{sH}{0}, in B_{s}{0}-->J/psivarphi decays using 1.7 fb;{-1} of data collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron pp[over ] collider. Assuming CP conservation, a good approximation for the B_{s}{0} system in the standard model, we obtain DeltaGamma=0.076_{-0.063}{+0.059}(stat)+/-0.006(syst) ps{-1} and tau=1.52+/-0.04(stat)+/-0.02(syst) ps, the most precise measurements to date. Our constraints on the weak phase and DeltaGamma are consistent with CP conservation.     

First observation of a particle-antiparticle asymmetry in the decay of neutral kaons into π0π0

CP violation has been observed as a time-dependent rate asymmetry between the decays ${?erline K}^0 ?ghtarrow ?^{0} ?^{0}$ and K⁰ → π⁰π{0}, where the neutral kaons are produced with definite and individually known strangeness in ${?r p}p ?ghtarrow{?erline K}^0 K^+?^- $ or p?p → K⁰ K^? π⁺. A special technique for the data analysis has been developed. The values obtained for ?₀₀ and ¦ η₀₀¦ are in agreement with those of previous measurements of CP violation.     

Measurement of the b baryon lifetime and branching fractions in Z decays

Using approximately 4 million hadronic Z decays recorded with the aleph detector from 1991 through 1995, the lifetime of the b baryon is measured with three independent methods. From the impact parameter distribution of candidate leptons in 1063 events with combinations, the average b baryon lifetime is measured to be ps. From a sample of 193 fully reconstructed candidates correlated with a lepton and a sample of 46 combinations, the lifetime is measured to be ps. The product branching fractions to these final states are % for the first sample and % for the second and third samples combined. Received: 15 August 1997 / Online publication: March 10, 1998     

Application of Fluorescence with Polarized Light to Evaluate the Orientation of Dyes Adsorbed in Layered Materials

A new method of fluorescence polarization is applied to evaluate the angle of the preferential orientation of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye adsorbed in supported thin films of Laponite (Lap) clay. The method is based in the determination of the fluorescence dichroic ratio, obtained from the recorded fluorescence spectra with the detection polarizer horizontally and vertically oriented, as a function of the twisted angle of the film around its vertical axis, keeping the excitation polarizer in a fixed direction. The validity of the method is checked by comparing the experimental results obtained with both vertically and horizontally polarized excitations to that previously provided by absorption spectroscopy with linearly polarized light. A preferential orientation angle with respect to the normal to the clay layer of 62° is derived for R6G monomers adsorbed in Lap films.     

CP-sensitive observables in e^ + e^-\to\tilde\chi^0_i \tilde\chi^0_j and neutralino decay into the Z boson

We study CP-sensitive observables in the neutralino production and the subsequent two-body decays of the neutralino and of the Z boson . We identify the CP-odd elements of the Z boson density matrix and propose CP-sensitive triple-product asymmetries. We calculate these observables and the cross sections in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with complex parameters and M ₁ for an e ⁺ e ^- linear collider with GeV and longitudinally polarized beams. We show that the asymmetries can reach for and for and discuss the feasibility of measuring these asymmetries.Received: 4 February 2004, Revised: 17 May 2004, Published online: 2 July 2004