High-dynamic-range laser-pulse-contrast measurement with a plasma-shuttered streak camera

The dynamic range of a picosecond visible streak camera has been improved by the combination of a plasma shutter and multishot averaging performed with a photoconductive switch sweep circuit. We use this technique to measure the contrast of a 100-fs laser pulse over 2 ns with a dynamic range of 7 orders of magnitude.     

Ultrashort pulse characterization with a terahertz streak camera

A phase-locked terahertz transient is exploited as an ultrafast phase gate for femtosecond optical pulses. We directly map out the group delay dispersion of a low-power near-infrared pulse by measuring the electro-optically induced polarization rotation as a function of wavelength. Our experiment covers the spectral window from 1.0 to 1.4 μm and reaches a temporal precision better than 1 fs. A quantitative analysis of the detector response confirms that this streaking technique requires no reconstruction algorithm and is also well suited for the characterization of pulses spanning more than one optical octave.     

Collinear laser spectroscopy with reverse-extracted bunched beams at TRIUMF

Collinear laser spectroscopy with reverse-extracted cooled bunched beams was performed at TRIUMF with radioactive ion beams. Surface-ionized ^78,78mRb ions were injected into TITAN??s cooler-buncher, and reverse-extracted to the laser beam line. There they were neutralised and excited with a counter-propagating laser beam. The fluorescence signal from the D ₂ line was recorded with a photomultiplier tube. The cooler provided typically 50 ion bunches per second, with each bunch containing approximately 10⁵ ions, temporally distributed with a 1.6 ??s width. A hardware gate was set on the signal, suppressing the background by four orders of magnitude.     

全光固体条纹相机的理论及其静态实验研究

全光固体条纹相机采用空间调制抽运光激发平板波导光偏转器,通过精确控制抽运光和信号光之间的时间延迟,实现对入射到波导芯层信号光的偏转扫描.它能有效解决传统变像管条纹相机因空间电荷效应造成的动态范围降低以及光电阴极材料在红外波段探测受限等问题,且结构简单,系统稳定性高,理论时间分辨率可达皮秒甚至亚皮秒量级.本文围绕全光固体条纹相机的核心部件—–AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs平板波导光偏转器,研究了在带填充效应、带隙收缩效应以及自由载流子吸收效应作用下GaAs折射率的变化情况;在GaAs折射率变化达到0.01量级,信号光束斑大小和波导宽度之比p=0.5时,得到系统的理论时间分辨率为2 ps;按照静态实验条件求得的理论空间分辨率为17 lp/mm,实验结果显示其值为9 lp/mm.     

Hawking-Unruh effect on thermal equilibrium state

It is pointed out that the usual (Gibbs) thermal equilibrium state in Minkowski spacetime is no longer a thermal equilibrium state for a uniformly accelerated observer. Similarly, the thermal equilibrium state in Kruskal spacetime is not a thermal state for a Schwarzschild observer.     

Terahertz pulse measurement with an optical streak camera

Incorporating an electro-optic modulator with a conventional optical streak camera extends the spectral range of the streak camera from the optical region (UV, visible, and near-IR) to the terahertz region (far-IR and millimeter-wave) with a minimum modification. We demonstrate the temporal measurement of freely propagating terahertz pulses with single-shot capability.     

Stochastic analysis of synchroscan operations of a streak camera

This paper deals with a theoretical and experimental study of the picosecond synchronization of a streak camera used in conjunction with a cw actively mode-locked laser system. The temporal resolution of two synchronization set-ups, a passive device (sweep obtained directly from the mode-locker oscillator) and an active arrangement (deflection derived from the recurrent laser pulses through a photodiode and a tunnel diode) has been examined. On the basis of the stochastic analysis it has been possible to interpret the experimental results for both configurations: in particular, it has been demonstrated that even in the presence of phase noise in the laser signal, perfect synchronization can be achieved.     

条纹相机动态范围的标定

利用法布里-珀罗标准具对条纹相机的动态范围进行了标定实验研究,提出脉宽加宽20%的强度值为饱和点值的条纹相机动态范围的严格定义,对噪声控制进行了简单必要的分析。当输入脉冲宽度为30 ps时,在给定扫速档位,实验给出S-1条纹相机的动态范围为102。     

基于非线性最小二乘法的条纹相机标定数据处理方法

 使用基于非线性最小二乘法的方法处理扫速标定数据,获得了条纹相机的全屏扫速数据,消除了扫速非线性和空间畸变对测量结果的影响。该方法的不确定度约为0.04%,远小于条纹相机的系统误差。利用该方法得到了各个像素对应的扫速,其不确定度约为1.5%,显著减小了条纹相机测量结果的误差。     

Direct linear measurement of ultrashort light pulses with a picosecond streak camera

The durations of ultra-short (4–7 psec) laser pulses have been directly measured with an image tube streak camera designed for time resolution in the picosecond region. The camera was calibrated with simultaneously recorded two photon fluorescence pulse profiles and it is shown that a time resolution limit of ≈1 psec should be possible with this system.     

基于非线性最小二乘法的条纹相机标定数据处理方法

使用基于非线性最小二乘法的方法处理扫速标定数据,获得了条纹相机的全屏扫速数据,消除了扫速非线性和空间畸变对测量结果的影响。该方法的不确定度约为0.04%,远小于条纹相机的系统误差。利用该方法得到了各个像素对应的扫速,其不确定度约为1.5%,显著减小了条纹相机测量结果的误差。     

Time-resolved streak camera system with solid state laser and optical parametric generator in different spectroscopic applications

Apparatus to study time-evolution of emission spectra over very wide time and spectral range is described. Excitation part of the equipment consists of solid state Nd:YAG laser and optical parametric generator. The heart of the detection system consists of spectrograph and streak camera. The significance of optics and electronics built in the system for proper, fast and convenient measurements is underlined. The results of donor-acceptor energy transfer in a rigid polyvinyl alcohol matrix serve here as an example of application our equipment to study complex systems.     

Improving the precision of fluorescence lifetime measurement using a streak camera

Streak camera has high temporal resolution and high sensitivity, and is a powerful tool in biomedical study to measure fluorescence lifetime and perform fluorescence lifetime imaging. However, nonuniformity of the gain in the streak tube and nonlinearity of the sweeping speed limit the precision of fluorescence lifetime measurement, particularly when fluorescence lifetimes are short. We have constructed a two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime measurement system that is based on a synchroscan streak camera and have developed accordingly a method to correct the effect of gain nonuniformity and nonlinearity of sweeping speed on the measurement precision. A continuous-wave laser of high stability is used to calibrate the gain of the streak camera, and a Fabry-Perot etalon is used to calibrate the nonlinearity of the sweeping speed. Fitting algorithms are used to correct the gain of the streak camera and nonlinearity of the sweeping speed respectively, which significantly improves the measurement precision of the system, as characterized through the fluorescence lifetime of the short-lived fluorescence dye, Rose Bengal. Experimental results show that the measurement fluctuation of the lifetime has been improved from more than 10% to 2% after correcting the effects of gain nonuniformity and sweeping speed nonlinearity.     

Picosecond time delay fluorimetry using a jitter-free streak camera

A streak camera driven with picosecond accuracy by a laser-activated cryogenic Si-switch has been used to measure the decay time of malachite green in water by a pulse fluorimetry technique. The single shot timing accuracy of the streak camera (a few ps) corresponds to ～10% of the optical pulsewidth. The overall stability of the system allows the averaging of hundreds of laser shots without image translation improving both the signal to noise ratio and timing accuracy of the measurements.. The subpicosecond timing accuracy afforded by shot averaging has enabled us to measure a 2 ps fluorescence decay time for a low quantum yield sample with a 20 ps excitation pulse.     

Temporally and spectrally resolved sampling imaging with a specially designed streak camera

We present a novel sampling imaging technique capable of performing simultaneous two-dimensional measurements of the temporal and spectral characteristics of light-emission processes by use of a specially designed streak camera. A proof-of-principle experiment was performed with a homemade multifocal multiphoton fluorescence microscope. The system was calibrated with a Fabry-Perot etalon and a standard fluorophore solution (rhodamine 6G in ethanol) and was shown to have temporal and spectral resolution of 6.5 ps and 3 nm, respectively, as well as high accuracy and reproducibility in lifetime and spectrum measurement. Temporally and spectrally resolved images of 4 x 4 foci on the sample can be obtained with a snapshot.     

热力学平衡态的涨落判据

任何热力学量的涨落在平衡态下都不能太大.特别地,要求熵和能量的涨落不大,就可以给出低温下热力学平衡态的普遍适用的判据.一些算例表明,低温下即使1023个粒子也不一定能达到热力学平衡态.     

大动态范围长狭缝条纹相机系统

 为了满足ICF实验等离子体诊断需要,研制了一种大动态范围长狭缝软X射线条纹相机系统。该系统在保证30 mm的长狭缝的情况下,通过设计一种短聚焦区高压电子光学系统大大缩短电子的渡越时间、提高阳极工作电压至16.5 kV、弃用MCP内增强器、采用光纤面板耦合和使用制冷CCD等一系列措施,达到改善扫描变像管条纹相机动态范围的目的,同时保证具有较高的时间分辨力。动态测试表明,该系统动态空间分辨力为15 lp/mm,时间分辨力优于31 ps,动态范围大于922。     

条纹相机非线性修正算法

 条纹相机扫描电路的非线性会导致条纹图像时间与强度信息的失真。为了使条纹相机输出图像更加接近实际目标从而得到更高的测量精度,提出一种扫描非线性修正算法。该算法根据给出的标称扫描时间拟合出扫描时间曲线,求出每道的扫描时间,取其算术平均值作为一个标准,根据每道的扫描时间与该标准的数值大小关系来求出每个像素的修正系数,取图像与该系数矩阵的乘积即可完成图像的位置和灰度的修正。实验结果表明可以将测量非线性由原来的8% 减小到2% 以下。     

可见光条纹相机可靠性实验研究北大核心CSCD

基于“晨光号”X光机开展了可见光条纹相机在复杂的辐射/电磁环境中的可靠性实验研究。利用序列脉冲激光的成像状态表征条纹相机的扫描状态,采取了不同的辐射/电磁防护措施,研究其对扫描状态的影响。实验研究获得了该类相机在此类复杂环境中正常工作的防护方法,主要包括增强辐射屏蔽使条纹相机附近的单发次等效空气吸收剂量不超过6μGy、减少相机机壳的缝隙、采取光电隔离的触发方式等。