Interaction of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) with homoionic montmorillonites: adsorption isotherms and metal-ion release

The interaction of dodecylsulfate anions (DS^–) with homoionic Ca-, Mg-, Ni-, Cu-, Cd-, Pb- and Fe-montmorillonites were investigated. Mg- and Cd-montmorillonite do not adsorb DS^–, and an anion exchange at the edges of the clay mineral does not take place. Three different adsorption processes are identified on the other montmorillonites: i) Fe-montmorillonite is covered with amorphous iron hydroxide, and DS^–-anions are bound at positively charged sites. ii) On Ca- and Pb-montmorillonite DS^– is precipitated as Me(DS)₂. iii) On Ni- and Cu-montmorillonite DS^– forms ion pairs with the cations on the surface. In all cases DS^– is not bound above the CMC but the metal ions are mobilized from the surface either by solubilization of the precipitates or by formation of mixed micelles.     

Preparation and characterization of manganese- and samarium-manganese-alumina pillared montmorillonites

A Na-montmorillonite was intercalated with manganese- and samarium-manganese-aluminium solutions. The pillared montmorillonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption. The presence of manganese and samarium-manganese citrates in the intercalation process modify the distance between the clay sheets and the microporous structure of the pillared montmorillonites.     

膨润土对干电池溶液中重金属离子的吸附作用

膨润土对干电池溶液中重金属离子的吸附作用蒋引珊，董振亮，张雨力（长春地质学院应用化学系长春１３００２６）关键词膨润土，蒙脱石，电池溶液，重金属离子，吸附由于膨润土中主要矿物蒙脱石特殊的层状结构和离子导电性、凝胶性，充当电池糊层材料既节省粮食又降低成本...     

聚合羟基铁改性蒙脱石的制备、表征及吸附Se(Ⅵ)的特性

采用共沉淀法制备了3种聚合羟基铁改性蒙脱石(Mt-Fex,x=1,2,3),对比研究了纯蒙脱石(Mt)和Mt-Fex(x=1,2,3)的表面性质及吸附Se(Ⅵ)的特性。结果表明,Mt样品的d(001)层间距为1.296 nm,在Mt-Fex中升高至1.430 nm以上;与Mt样品比较,MtFex的孔体积、表面积、表面分形度均随含铁量的增加而升高,其中微孔体积和微孔表面积的变化尤为明显;Mt样品的等电点(IEP)低于3,而Mt-Fe3的IEP升高至6.8;初始p H=5.0时,Mt和Mt-Fex(x=1,2,3)的表面ζ电位分别为-33.5,-11.7,9.9和33.2m V。单吸附位Langmuir模型能够很好地拟合Mt样品对Se(VI)的等温吸附数据(R2=0.993),4种样品吸附数据的单吸附位Langmuir拟合判断系数(R2)随样品含铁量的增加而降低;3种Mt-Fex样品的吸附数据更适合用双吸附位Langmuir模型拟合(R2=0.993~0.997);Freundlich模型对4种样品的吸附数据拟合度较低(R2=0.849~0.970),其判断系数(R2)随样品含铁量的增加而升高。初始p H=5.0时,Mt和Mt-Fex(x=1,2,3)对Se(Ⅵ)的吸附容量分别为4.23,7.83,10.38和14.34 mg·g-1。可见,聚合羟基铁含量较高的Mt-Fex样品对土-水体系中Se(Ⅵ)的固定能力明显高于Mt。     

Monoionic montmorillonites treated with Congo-Red

The adsorption of the anionic dye congo-red (CR) by Na-, Cs-, Mg-, Al- and Fe-montmorillonite was studied by simultaneous DTA-TG. Thermal analysis curves of adsorbed CR were compared with those of neat CR. The oxidation of neat CR is completed below 570°C. Thermal analysis curves of adsorbed CR show three regions representing dehydration of the clay, oxidation of the organic dye and dehydroxylation of the clay together with the oxidation of residual organic matter. The oxidation of the dye begins at about 250°C with the transformation of organic H atoms into water and carbon into charcoal. Two types of charcoal are obtained, low-temperature and high-temperature stable charcoal. The former gives rise to an exothermic peak in the second region of the thermal analysis and the latter in the third region. The exchangeable metallic cation determines the ratio between the low-temperature and high-temperature stable charcoal, which is formed. With increasing acidity of the exchangeable metallic cation higher amounts of high-temperature stable charcoal are obtained. It was suggested that aromatic compounds p bonded to the oxygen plane of the clay framework are converted into charcoal, which is burnt at about 550-700°C. With increasing surface acidity of the clay more species of CR are protonated. Only protonated dye species can form p bonds with oxygen plane and are converted to high-temperature stable charcoal during the thermal analysis. The thermal behavior of the dye complex of Cu-montmorillonite is different probably due to the catalytic effect of Cu. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Adsorption of Cu(II) in aqueous solution by sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified montmorillonite

The pristine montmorillonite (P-Mt) was modified with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) to form SDBS montmorillonite (SDBS-Mt) for the purpose of enhancing the removal performance of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The materials were characterized by means of XRD, SEM-EDS, BET, and FTIR to analyze the surface morphology and structure. SDBS-Mt displayed a higher adsorption capacity than P-Mt. The adsorption kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm model are depicted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir equation, respectively. The adsorption of Cu(II) on SDBS-Mt is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The order of influence of coexisting cations on the adsorption of Cu(II) is Ni(II) > Co(II) > Zn(II). In addition, the adsorbent has great regeneration performance after five cycles of regeneration. The main mechanisms of Cu(II) adsorption by SDBS-Mt may include electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and complexation of sulfonate groups. In brief, SDBS-Mt may be a promising, simple, and low-cost adsorbent for the treatment of Cu(II) in aqueoussolutions.     

聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合物对Pb2+的吸附性能

用制备的聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/蒙脱土/腐殖酸钠复合吸附剂,研究了溶液pH值、吸附时间和Pb2+溶液初始浓度等因素对重金属Pb2+的吸附性能,探讨了复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附机理。结果表明,在pH值为6.0、吸附时间2 h、Pb2+溶液初始浓度0.01 mol/L和吸附剂用量0.10 g的条件下,复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附量达到364.05 mg/g,平衡所需的时间为15 min。与蒙脱土相比,复合吸附剂具有更高的吸附容量和更快的吸附速率。     

纳米TiO_2对水中腐殖酸的吸附及光催化降解

研究了水体中腐殖酸 ( HA)在纳米 Ti O2 颗粒上的吸附行为 ,并探讨了其吸附机理 ,还研究了 HA的Ti O2 光催化降解效果 .结果表明 ,Ti O2 对 HA的吸附作用明显依赖于水溶液的 p H,也取决于 Ti O2 的零电荷点 ;HA的光催化降解效果与其在催化剂表面的吸附行为密切相关 ,提高吸附速率 ,HA的去除率也随之提高 ;增加催化剂用量也能改善降解程度     

沸石对亚硝胺吸附及降解的研究进展

亚硝胺是吸烟导致癌症的重要因素, 如何在成分复杂的环境烟气中吸附和催化降解亚硝胺成为沸石吸附和催化的难题. 本文剖析了沸石对亚硝胺的特殊选择性吸附, 讨论了沸石降解亚硝胺的机制以及金属氧化物对沸石去除亚硝胺效率的促进作用, 并回顾了相关研究领域的动态和展望环境净化沸石新材料的发展方向.     

蒙脱土/阳离子偶氮染料插层纳米复合物离子交换吸附

从有机阳离子与蒙脱土离子交换吸附原理出发,推导出吸附等温式和表面二维状态方程理论关系,给出了热失重确定吸附量的数据处理方法．选择具有光致变色功能、整个分子共轭的有机阳离子GTL作为插层剂,成功制备了一系列插层纳米复合物．GTL阳离子交换吸附实验数据符合推导出的吸附等温式,插层复合物界面压强π随其含水量增大而线性减小,在较低π下,层间GTL以平行于蒙脱土片层表面的单分子层形态排列;随着π增大,层间GTL以倾斜于蒙脱土片层表面的头尾交指型团聚体形态排列;在更大的π下,层间GTL倾向垂直于蒙脱土片层表面成双分子层排列,其尾端重叠自组装形成超分子共轭纳米结构,层间GTL热稳定性大幅度提高。     

TGA/FTIR studies of segmented aliphatic polyurethanes and their nanocomposites prepared with commercial montmorillonites

Nanocomposites prepared with segmented polyurethane (SPU) and commercially available nanoclays (Cloisite™ Na⁺, Cloisite™ 15A, Cloisite™ 30B) were studied using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TGA/FTIR). The results showed that the thermal degradation of unfilled SPU and the 4, 6 and 10 wt% hand mixed nanocomposites occurred in two stages being the first due to degradation of hard segments and the second due to the degradation of soft segments. It was also found that the thermal stability of these nanocomposites was not improved by increasing nanoclay concentration except for SPU/Cloisite™ 15A nanocomposites were a 40 °C increase was observed. In a similar manner, FTIR spectra of the evolved gases obtained after the thermal degradation of these nanocomposites were qualitatively similar to the unfilled polymer except in those containing Cloisite™ 30B where isocyanate absorptions were detected. In contrast, SPU/Cloisite™ 30B nanocomposites prepared by in-situ polymerization, exhibited higher thermal stability than the corresponding hand mixed nanocomposites. In addition, these nanocomposites exhibited the presence of carbon dioxide in the evolved gases during its second degradation stage which was not observed in the hand mixed nanocomposites. In this case, it can be said that the presence of clays in the nanocomposites has a significant effect on the thermal degradation pathways.     

Determination of alachlor residues in pepper and pepper leaf using gas chromatography and confirmed via mass spectrometry with matrix protection

Alachlor residues were determined in pepper and pepper leaf, after 49 days of manufacturer‐recommended single‐ and double‐dose application to the soil and plant. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned with n‐hexane, and purified through solid‐phase extraction, and finally detected with a gas chromatography–microelectron capture detector. The linearity of the analytical response across the studied range of concentrations (0.05–4.0 µg/mL) was excellent, obtaining coefficients of determination (r²) of 0.999. Recovery studies were carried out on spiked pepper and pepper leaf samples, at two concentrations levels (0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg), with three replicates performed at each level. Mean recoveries of 73.1–109.0% with relative standard deviations of 1.3–2.3% were obtained. The method was successfully applied to field samples, and alachlor residue was found in pepper (0.02 mg/kg) and pepper leaf (0.03 mg/kg), at levels lower than the maximum residue limits (0.2 mg/kg) set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. The field‐detected residues were further confirmed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with the help of pepper leaf matrix protection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adsorption of fast green and erythrosin-B to montmorillonite modified with crystal violet

Adsorption of erythrosin-B (EB) and fast green (FG) to a non-charged organosmectite based on crystal violet adsorbed up to 100% of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was tested. Adsorption isotherms of EB and FG were prepared at 3, 24 and 50°C. All isotherms are of H-type reaching loads of approximately up to 20% of the original CEC of the crude montmorillonite (up to 0.15 and 0.10 mol dye kg^–1 clay for EB and FG, respectively). Adsorption decreases with temperature, indicating an exothermic process. Enthalpy was evaluated using van’t Hoff equation, yielding approximately –20 kJ mol^–1 for both dyes.     

Adsorption of acetonitrile vapor on sodium and polyhydroxyaluminum montmorillonites

The differential isosteric heats of adsorption of acetonitrile vapor on dehydrated sodium and polyhydroxyaluminum montmorillonites are determined. From the temperature dependence of the parameters of adsorption equilibrium, it is established that the substitution of polyhydroxyaluminum ions for Na⁺ ions leads to an increase in the volume of micropores and the heat of adsorption.     

Adsorption of benzene vapor on sodium and pyridinium montmorillonites

The adsorption properties of sodium and pyridinium montmorillonites are studied. It is shown that, in the temperature range 293–773 K, the limiting value of benzene adsorption on sodium montmorillonite slightly decreases and the specific surface area changes insignificantly, while these parameters for pyridinium montmorillonite increase by 1.3 and 1.6 times, respectively, within the interval 293–423 K. The dependences of the heat of adsorption on the amount of adsorbed benzene are determined from the isosteres of benzene adsorption and desorption on montmorillonite samples dehydrated at 373 K.     

大孔吸附树脂的吸附机理

大孔吸附树脂(macroprous adsorption resin, MAR)是近几十年发展起来的一种具有多孔立体结构、人工合成的有机高分子聚合物。由于其特殊的理化性质和吸附性能,已被广泛应用于化学、医药、环保和食品等领域。本文介绍了近年来国内外对大孔吸附树脂在吸附机理研究方面的进展,重点介绍了不同温度条件下大孔吸附树脂对靶标分子的吸附热力学行为模式,靶标分子在大孔吸附树脂表面及孔内的吸附扩散行为模式。此外,大孔吸附树脂性能参数和靶标分子结构参数之间构效关系也对其吸附选择性规律具有重要的影响。因此,大孔吸附树脂与底物间构效关系的匹配程度及其对选择性的影响是大孔吸附树脂分离理论研究的核心。本文最后介绍了可以准确客观描述吸附过程并具有一定使用范围的大孔吸附树脂吸附模型的建立和评价。     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide on montmorillonites of different ion exchange forms

The adsorption isotherms of carbon dioxide are measured at 303, 343, 373, and 400 K and pressure P ranged from 0.1 to 6 MPa for three montmorillonites, i.e., the initial sample in the sodium form and two ion exchanged samples in pyridinium and polyhydroxyaluminum forms. It is shown that the linear character of the isosteres of CO₂ adsorption is retained for polyhydroxyaluminum and sodium montmorillonites, a deviation of the adsorption isosteres from linearity is observed for pyridinium montmorillonite at high temperatures (373–400 K) and high surface fillings. The differential excess entropies of CO₂ adsorbate are calculated for different fillings of montmorillonites. Using various approaches, the adsorption volumes for the systems studied are calculated.     

Adsorption behavior of end-functionalized polymers modified by iminium ion

In order to clarify the end-functionalization effect of polymers modified by iminium ion, a model compound with a modified chain end was prepared by directly reactingn-butyllithium withN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and then quenching by the addition of methanol. It is shown that the model compound includes the iminium ion group and that the adsorption bands in the IR-spectra of the chemically modified polymer were similar to those of model compoundThe adsorption behavior of end-functionalized polystyrene(PS-X) and diblock copolymer of PS and polybutadiene(PB) which were modified by iminium ion(PS-PB-X), were examined over a wide range of molecular weights of these polymers. It is evident that the amount of adsorption increased significantly by the end-functionalization and this trend was especially strong in the low molecular weight polymers (M _w<-10⁵). The preference for the end-functionalized polymer was also examined by competitive and sequential adsorption experiments between different molecular weight species. It is shown that a prefered adsorption of PS-X with low molecular mass is pronouced over the adsorption of PS or PS-X with high molecular weight and in the combination of high and low molecular weight species of PS-X, a special enhancement of total adsorption can be observed. This enhancement is based on a combination of different adsorption layers formed by these two molecular weight species.     

FT-IR Spectroscopic Investigation of Adsorption of Pyrimidine on Sepiolite and Montmorillonite from Anatolia

The adsorption of pyrimidine (PM) on natural montmorillonite and sepiolite from Turkey was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy. The intercalation of PM within montmorillonite has been shown by X-ray diffraction to increase the interlayer spacing. The spectroscopic results indicate that PM molecules adsorbed on sepiolite are coordinated to Lewis acidic centers or surface hydroxyls by H-bonding interaction through one of the pyrimidine ring nitrogen lone pairs. Moreover, some of the adsorbed PM molecules may enter the interior channels of the sepiolite structure and replace zeolitic water. The intercalated PM molecules within montmorillonite are coordinated to exchangeable cations directly or indirectly through water bridges.     

微分吸附计时电位法测定溴莫普林

提出一种测定新药溴莫普林（ＢＤＰ）的微分吸附计时电位法。在Ｍｉｃｈａｃｌｉｓ（ＭＣＬ）缓冲液中溴莫普林于一１．３３Ｖ左右产生一灵敏的微分吸附计时电位溶出峰,利用该峰测定ＢＤＰ的线性范围为２．０×１０＾－８－３．０×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,吸附富集３ｍｉｎ检测下限为５．０×１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。探讨了影响灵敏度的主要因素,用循环伏安法,脉冲极谱等多种是化学方法研究了该体系的电化学行为和电极机理,认为所