水平方管层流混合对流的三维数值模拟

本文建立了水平矩形通道三维层流混合对流的数学模型,提出了壁面导热与流动耦合的简化计算方法,采用SIMPLER算法对其流动和换热过程进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明由于浮升力的作用使水平通道内出现二次流现象,加热面的上下顶端周向导热热流密度存在极大值,下底面的局部Nusselt数最大,上底面最小.混合对流:平均Nusselt数随 Re和Gr*的增大而增大;但当Re较大时,平均Nusselt数随Gr*变化而近似不变.     

非稳态横掠管束周期性充分发展对流换热的数值模拟

本文采用非稳态数学模型对横掠管束的周期性充分发展流动与换热进行了数值模拟。结果显示,在所考虑的参数条件下,Re≥100以后流场和温度场随时间发生振荡,并且振幅随Re增加而增大;进一步增加Re到一定值后,在管束间会有交替出现的涡。计算得到的平均Nusselt数与现有文献中的实验关联式基本是吻合的。平均Nusselt数的计算值随流动方向管间距的增加而增加。     

三维方腔内竖直平板混合对流换热的数值研究

本文建立了三维方腔内竖直板混合对流换热的数学模型,探讨Re数,进风口位置、竖直板位置对混合对流换热的影响.结果表明:随Re数增加,竖直板下部的平均Nu2下降,而总体平均Nu1增加.随送风口高度增加,竖直板对流换热量增加.在竖直板位置L1/H=0.5～1.5的范围内,竖直板处于中间位置L1/H=1.0时,竖直板混合对流换...     

锯齿形通道内流动与换热的数值分析

本文采用非稳态数学模型对锯齿形通道的周期性充分发展流动与换热进行了数值模拟。计算结果显示,在所考虑的参数条件下,Re≥100时温度场和流场随时间不断变化,同时Nu数也随时间发生周期性振荡,并且随着Re的增大这种变化越明显;Re≥250时通道内开始产生旋涡,换热不断增强。计算得到的平均Nusselt数与现有文献中相近问题的试验关联式基本吻合。     

楔形通道换热三维数值模拟

对涡轮叶片尾缘针肋通道的换热进行了数值模拟研究。为了研究冷却叶片尾缘处正压面与背压面楔角对换热和流动的影响,在Re=1.0×104-1.0×105进行了稳态湍流三维数值模拟;为了研究冷却叶片尾缘扰流柱上下两部分在流动方向错位的距离对通道传热和流动的影响,在针肋顺排及Re=2.0×104的情况下进行了稳态湍流三维数值模拟。得出了平行通道最宜被采用以及针肋错位通道中随着针肋错位距离的增加通道的换热和压力损失都增加的结论。     

单面加热方管混合对流换热特性实验研究

本文对单壁面加热水平方管通道内混合对流换热进行了实验研究,其中加热面分别为底面、侧面、顶面,Re=1514～3028,Gr~*=2.06×10~6～8.22×10~6;通过对加热面温度进行曲线拟合减小壁面温度测量误差,得到考虑轴向导热的局部Nusselt数的变化规律。实验结果表明侧面加热和底面加热时,局部Nusselt数要明显高于顶面加热的情况;局部Nusselt数在管道前段受Re的影响较大,在后段受Gr~*的影响较大。     

油基钻屑螺纹推进式换热器流动传热特性

对油基钻屑在螺纹推进式换热器内的流动换热过程进行了数值模拟,研究了螺杆转速、油基钻屑雷诺数Re和螺纹截面形状对流动换热的影响.结果表明:随着螺杆转速增加,传热系数、油基钻屑出口温度均增大;同时发现,当雷诺数Re＜250时,壳侧Nusselt数随雷诺数Re增大而迅速增大,此后雷诺数对Nusselt数影响较小;Nussel...     

不同形状扰流柱群通道换热特性研究

对内置有相同截面面积的圆形、椭圆形和水滴形五种不同形状扰流柱叉排阵列的矩形通道流动换热过程进行了三维数值模拟和试验,获得了通道恒热流壁面热场的分布特征,分析了扰流柱形状和来流Re数对换热特性的影响.研究结果表明:在相同的扰流柱间距下,装有圆形扰流柱阵列的矩形通道壁面Nusselt数约比水滴形扰流柱的高25%~45%;综合考虑换热和流动损失,装有水滴形扰流柱群矩形通道的综合性能最佳.     

矩形通道内层流对流换热的最优速度场

针对矩形通道内的层流对流换热问题,通过数值求解速度场协同方程,得到了给定黏性耗散条件下通道内的最优速度场为多纵向涡的流动结构,表明多纵向涡流型可在流阻增加不多的情况下使换热显著强化.通过在通道壁面布置不连续双斜肋,在通道内产生了接近于最优速度场的多纵向涡流动,数值计算结果表明,在Re=1000时,与光滑通道相比,不连续...     

周期性矩形槽通道内对流换热的振荡

采用非稳态数学模型,通过数值模拟对周期性矩型槽通道内流动和换热的振荡特性进行了研究。结果表明:随着Re的增大,对流换热从入口后某一个几何周期开始振荡,振幅沿着通道逐渐增加,并经过若干周期后振幅基本不变;对于不同的Re开始振荡的几何周期数不同;当振幅基本不变时,各几何周期的平均Nu及相应点的速度按时间的平均值基本相等,表明振荡的流动和换热特征参数的时均值仍然具有周期性充分发展的特征;通道中突出物高度对振荡有显著影响,突出部分越高,开始振荡的几何周期数越小。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.