Hit-or-miss transform based infrared dim small target enhancement

To efficiently enhance a dim infrared small target embedded in heavy clutter, a hit-or-miss transform based method is proposed in this paper. First, the gray level hit-or-miss transform is given and discussed. Then, by analyzing the structuring elements used in the hit-or-miss transform following the purpose of infrared small target enhancement, a simple infrared small target enhancement method is proposed by using flat structuring elements and a threshold parameter. The threshold imports the properties of infrared small target into the gray level hit-or-miss transform, which improves the performance of the hit-or-miss transform for infrared small target enhancement. Experimental results on infrared dim small target images with different clutter backgrounds verified that the proposed method was efficient for infrared small target enhancement.     

Study on Infrared Spectral Radiance by Remote Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

Infrared emission spectra emitted by high luminosity infrared pyrotechnics have been observed remotely using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The primary purpose of the study is to determine infrared spectral radiance distribution, their time—resolved spectra and integrated emission energy. The spectra have been recorded between 4000 – 800cm^?1 region with spectral resolution of 4cm^?1. The study is very important for many applications.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱曲线的数据转换研究

为将打印纸质的傅里叶变换红外光谱图转化为数字光谱,测试了玉米黄质样品的傅里叶变换红外光谱,在光谱保存为数字光谱的同时也通过打印机打印出光谱曲线。使用扫描仪把打印出纸质的光谱转化为计算机储存的图像,对图像进行旋转调整,图像识别软件把图中的光谱曲线转换为数字光谱。对比从打印光谱中提取的数字光谱和直接保存的数字光谱,发现它们在吸收峰的位置上十分接近,最大偏差为0.85cm^-1,光谱的相关系数达到99.78%。研究表明该方法可以快速准确的把打印光谱图转换为数字光谱,为从老式傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的测试结果中获得数字光谱提供了一种便捷的方法。     

红外光谱对啤酒酵母培养过程的研究

采用衰减全反射红外光谱技术跟踪了啤酒酵母发酵过程，解析了发酵过程的红外光谱变化。在啤酒酵母培养过程中，1106cm^-1吸收峰强度的下降反映出基质麦芽糖的消耗；而产物乙醇的形成会引起880、2976、2980cm^-1处吸收峰强度增加和1625cm^-1处吸收峰的下降，从上述吸收峰强度的变化可描述啤酒酵母培养的进程。     

Infrared small target detection via line-based reconstruction and entropy-induced suppression

This paper proposes a novel infrared small target detection method which is composed of two stages. The first stage is implemented by line-based reconstruction for suppressing the background clutter, and the second stage is induced by information entropy for further standing out the targets. Compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, the proposed approach is able to achieve better performance in terms of efficiency and accuracy.     

Morphological operator for infrared dim small target enhancement using dilation and erosion through structuring element construction

To effectively enhance infrared dim small target, a new morphological operator is proposed by constructing two structuring elements based on the properties of target regions and their surrounding background. By utilizing the two constructed structuring elements, the proposed morphological operator uses dilation and erosion to enhance the target regions and suppresses the surrounding background, which directly achieves infrared small target enhancement. Also, the proposed method is simplified by using flat structuring elements. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively enhance infrared dim small target embedded in clutter background.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中动镜系统的设计

为提升傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的整体性能,基于立体角镜与平面镜组合的光学结构,设计了一种柔性支撑机构的摆动型动镜机构.建立和分析该机构控制模型,设计了相适应的反馈控制算法.结果表明:该结构具有无摩擦、抗震性好等优点;光学结构能够很好地补偿动镜摆动造成的倾斜与横移误差,保证仪器的重复性与稳定性;通过对控制算法参量的调整,动镜机构的扫描准确度优于98.4%.在4cm-1的光谱分辨率条件下,使用该动镜机构所测得的红外光谱信噪比优于80000:1,能够满足高准确度定量分析的要求.     

紫外傅里叶变换光谱仪干涉图数据处理

阐述了干涉图数据处理方法 ,采用紫外傅里叶变换光谱仪实验测量了汞灯光谱干涉图。使用四阶Blackman Harris窗函数作为切趾函数 ,采用最小二乘法拟和多项式对光源傅里叶变换光谱进行相位校正 ,获得了高精度的Hg紫外发射光谱     

傅里叶变换红外光谱研究鲤鱼雌激素受体与邻苯二甲酸酯的相互作用

通过电泳结合电洗脱(SDS-PAGE)的方法分离纯化鲤鱼体内的雌激素受体,得到高纯度的受体;再通过傅里叶变换红外光谱探讨雌激素受体与邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)结合后其结构的变化,通过实验发现,配体DBP能与雌激素受体结合并对雌激素受体的结构产生了明显的影响。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱仪光阑孔径及扫描速率设置探讨

傅里叶变换红外光谱仪辐射通量大,特别适用于测量弱信号光谱,从而具有很高的灵敏度.因此也对处理系统有着苛刻的要求,在实际测试中,博里叶光谱仪光阑孔径及扫描速率设置是相关联的,直接影响到采集及数据处理的精度.通过试验,研究探讨了傅里叶光谱仪光阑孔径及扫描速率设置极限及平衡点,兼顾快与准.     

FTIR被动遥测信号中的线形函数建模及补偿方法

被动遥测红外信号的精确解译,对远距离、非接触获取污染云团信息具有重要意义。然而,测量过程中的光谱畸变阻碍了这一目的的达成。针对遥测信号中的谱线畸变问题,提出了一种利用线形函数模型自适应补偿傅里叶变换红外光谱仪光谱线形函数的方法。通过对傅里叶变换光谱仪线形函数的成因分析,结合实际仪器设计参数,从理想线形函数、固有线形函数和相位误差三个方面构建线形函数模型;在此基础上,以实测畸变光谱与理论仿真光谱的均方误差作为代价函数,利用迭代优化方法实现了对实际线形函数关键参数进行估算的算法流程;将重构得到的线形函数应用于理论光谱补偿,显著减少了理论仿真光谱与实测光谱之间的差异。分析结果表明,理想线形函数主要影响谱线展宽及旁瓣幅值;固有线形函数造成向低频方向的非对称展宽;而相位误差则会造成谱峰非对称。必须在理论仿真光谱中综合考虑三种来源线形函数的贡献,才能有效建立测量光谱和待反演云团参数之间的联系。实际线形函数畸变参数的获取和补偿应用,有助于提高红外遥测信号的定量解译水平。     

Remote Fourier Transform Infrared Emission Spectroscopy in the Studies of the Solid Propellant Combustions

In this paper infrared emission spectra of the solid propellant combustion using remote Fourier transform spectroscopy have been studied. Both the infrared spectral radiance distributions and gas quantitative method for solid propellant combustions by remote Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy have been presented. In the method we utilize estimating temperature measuring models, which are modified by Junde Wang, based on emission fundamental band measurements of HCl or HF. Through measuring the temperature both the infrared spectral radiance distributions of the solid propellant combustions and their emisivities can be obtained. A remote measured gas concentration model based on combustion temperature, spectral radiance and emissivity has been developed. Field single-ended measurements at long distances for solid propellant plumes at temperature 1700—3500K can be extended to measuring fluctuations of instantaneous temperature and combustion reaction products.     

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱指纹技术的艾叶产地溯源研究

中药材产地对中药材品质与安全有直接影响。从生物学角度,中药材是物种受特定生态环境的影响,在长期生态适应过程中所形成的。药材生长所需的气候、土壤、水文等生态因素与其生长发育和品质唇齿相关,并带有地域信息的指纹特征。近年来,中医药产业的快速发展带来了中药材资源需求量的激增,但同时也存在诸多安全隐患,药材产地难以区分和溯源已成为制约中医药发展的主要瓶颈之一。以国内4个省份5个主产区的75份艾叶样品为实验材料,采用FTIR法进行红外特征分析和数据挖掘,通过比较多种光谱信号预处理方法(如高斯滤波、多元散射校正、标准正态变换、一阶/二阶导数等)和多种模式识别技术(如BP神经网络、随机森林、 K-最近邻算法、贝叶斯算法、粒子群优化支持向量机模型等),探索适合艾叶产地溯源的计量学方法。结果表明,K-最近邻算法、贝叶斯算法及粒子群优化支持向量机3种模式识别效果最为理想,测试集的正确率均为100%。基于运行时间、鉴别正确率与模型稳定性综合考虑,最终确定K-最近邻算法是艾叶产地鉴别的最优方法。整体来看,红外光谱指纹技术结合适当的化学计量学方法能够用于艾叶的产地溯源,研究结果为艾叶的道地性评价和质量控制提供技...     

Morphological center operator for enhancing small target obtained by infrared imaging sensor

Infrared small target in image obtained by infrared imaging sensor is usually different from the surrounding regions, which is the important region in infrared image for different applications. However, the infrared small target is dim and embedded in clutter background, which makes the small target difficult to be detected or recognized. So, it is important to enhance infrared small target. Morphological center operator could smooth important image features, which may be well used for infrared small target enhancement. To well enhance infrared small target, a morphological center operator based method is proposed. The morphological center operator is specified to suppress most of the background of the infrared image through the strategy of feature extraction. Then, the infrared small target is well enhanced. Experimental results show that, the proposed method performs well for enhancing infrared small target and the performance is better than some other methods. So, the proposed method could further improve the performance of infrared imaging sensor.     

Structure Elucidation of Textile Fabrics by Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

A photoacoustic detection system mainly based on a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer has been constructed and some tentative evaluations of its performances have been made. Infrared photoacoustic spectra of cotton and nylon cloths have been obtained without troublesome sample preparations which are necessary in conventional infrared spectrometry. It can be said that the Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy is useful for the structure elucidation of organic polymers.     

海杂波FRFT域的分形特征分析及小目标检测方法

针对海杂波背景下海情对小目标检测的严重影响, 本文研究了实测海杂波在分数阶Fourier变换(FRFT)域的分形特征, 分别提出了单、高尺度下的分形检测方法. 由数学定义推得, FRFT 在不同阶数和尺度情况下, 不具有一致的自相似特性, 采用多重分形趋势波动分析法确定分形参数H(q), 分析了海杂波在不同海情、距离和极化条件下的分形特征. 在单尺度基础上结合FRFT的变阶优势, 提出了阶数自适应的小目标检测方法; 高尺度条件下, 比较了不同因素对海杂波FRFT域多重分形参数的影响. 结果表明:海杂波FRFT域可用变换阶数的方法检测到湮没在复杂海情中的小信号, 检测门限多数提高200%以上, 比采用时域信号提高26.3%. H(q) 在负高尺度上具有明显的多重分形特征差异, H(q)-q曲线满足反正切分布, 纯海杂波与含目标数据的拟合幅值比分别大于1.8(HH)和1.4(VV), 为海杂波背景小目标检测提供了判定依据.     

基于连续统快速傅里叶变换的红外光谱处理技术

为实现红外光谱对遥感地物准确的识别,消除高频噪声是光谱特征分析和提取的重要环节。利用光谱连续统处理方法,结合信号时域分析领域快速傅里叶变换提出了一种新的红外光谱滤波方法。该方法首先对红外光谱进行光谱连续统去除,利用快速傅里叶变换将去连续统后光谱转换到频域,设计低通滤波器滤除高频噪声,然后通过快速傅里叶反变换将频域信号转换到时域,最后对信号进行光谱连续统恢复,得到滤除噪声后的红外光谱信号。对比实验表明,连续统快速傅里叶滤波方法比常规的时域滤波方法有更好、更快的滤波效果,解决了传统快速傅里叶红外光谱滤波的吉布斯现象。该方法操作简便、运行速度快捷、滤波效果好,满足了红外光谱地物识别对光谱高质量的要求。     

Remote Measurement of Motorcycle Exhaust Using Fourier Transform Infrared System

Abstract

We have explored the basic theory and quantitative methods for the measurement of motorcycle exhaust using a Fourier transform infrared interferometer system. Remote sensing direct measurements were made and the species carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nonmethane paraffinic carbon(CH^x) and unburned additional harmful species in motorcycle exhaust were determined. Typical concentrations observed in absorption for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nonmethane paraffinic carbon were about 1.11%, 1.91%, 0.54% respectively. Furthemore, this paper describes the remote sensing Fourier transform infrared spectrometer system. The system covers the infrared spectral region from 700 to 6000 cin^?1 at a maxim resolution of 0.06 cm^?1 for beamsplitter of gerrniuiirun coated zinc selenide and receiver telescope with zinc selriide leis. For air multipollutant monitoring the analytica1 methods have the potential and become important. The remote measurements usirig the Fourier transform inf raid spectroscopy could become niore practical.     

Infrared dim-small target tracking via singular value decomposition and improved Kernelized correlation filter

Infrared small target tracking plays an important role in applications including military reconnaissance, early warning and terminal guidance. In this paper, an effective algorithm based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and the improved Kernelized Correlation Filter (KCF) is presented for infrared small target tracking. Firstly, the super performance of the SVD-based algorithm is that it takes advantage of the target's global information and obtains a background estimation of an infrared image. A dim target is enhanced by subtracting the corresponding estimated background with update from the original image. Secondly, the KCF algorithm is combined with Gaussian Curvature Filter (GCF) to eliminate the excursion problem. The GCF technology is adopted to preserve the edge and eliminate the noise of the base sample in the KCF algorithm, helping to calculate the classifier parameter for a small target. At last, the target position is estimated with a response map, which is obtained via the kernelized classifier. Experimental results demonstrate that the presented algorithm performs favorably in terms of efficiency and accuracy, compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms.     

Real-time visual enhancement for infrared small dim targets in video

Visual enhancement for infrared small dim targets is a standing problem in infrared image processing. Existing approaches cannot enhance the target well and suppress the background simultaneously, especially for targets which are so faint that they are hardly visible. This paper proposes a novel real-time visual enhancement algorithm for infrared small dim targets in video by introducing temporal cues. In this work, Dynamic Programming Algorithm (DPA) is used to detect the target’s trajectory in the video and the target is enhanced through energy accumulation along the trajectory. The shape prior of the small dim target is adopted for background suppression and adaptive merging. Experimental results on real infrared small dim target videos indicate that the proposed algorithm can improve the visual quality of these types of images notably, especially for cases in which the target is hardly visible. In addition, the proposed algorithm takes on average 8.35 ms to process a 320 1 256 image, and thus meets the needs of real-time applications.