电子助进化学气相沉积金刚石中衬底温度对发射光谱的影响

采用蒙特卡罗方法,对以CH4/H2为源料气体的电子助进化学气相沉积(EACVD)金刚石中的氢原子(H_α,H_β和H_γ)、碳原子C(2p3s→2p2: λ=165.7 nm)以及CH(A2Δ→X2Π: λ=420～440 nm)的发射过程进行了模拟,研究了衬底温度对各发射谱线以及金刚石膜合成的影响。结果得知,各谱线强度随衬底温度的变化幅度很小,且在衬底表面附近的谱线强度随衬底温度的变化幅度相对于远离衬底的反应区域较大,这表明衬底温度的变化基本上不改变远离衬底的反应区域中反应基团成分,而只对衬底表面附近的反应过程有影响。由此得知,衬底温度对薄膜质量的决定性主要是由于衬底温度改变了衬底表面化学反应动力学过程和表面附近的反应基团的缘故,而不是衬底温度对反应空间中气相成分的影响。     

单晶硅上化学气相沉积铜薄膜的机理研究

在自行设计、建立的MOCVD系统上,以Cu(hfac)2为反应前驱物在单晶硅上进行铜薄膜的化学气相沉积,并用AFM、SEM对铜核的成长机理进行了研究．结果表明,反应初期,单晶硅上铜核的成长为岛状,反应后期为先层状后岛状．利用XPS对铜薄膜成长的反应机理进行了探讨,由薄膜的Cu2p、Ols、Fls、Si2p谱可推论出,XPS谱中所出现的C=O、OH及CF3／CF2可能为Cu(hfac),当Cu(hfac)2在高温下分解成Cu(hfac)及hfac后,H2还原表面的hfac生成OH基,反应进行一段时间,OH基浓度大到一定的程度后,与Cu(hfac)2热裂解产生的hfac作用生成HO-hfac并脱附,使表面的铜的氧化物被还原以及发生Cu(hfac)2与H2的氧化还原反应．     

生长温度对Ga掺杂ZnO薄膜光电性能的影响

在不同衬底温度(室温~750 ℃)条件下,采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在石英玻璃和单晶硅(111)衬底上制备了Ga掺杂ZnO(GZO)薄膜。结果显示:衬底温度的变化导致衬底表面吸附原子扩散速率和脱附速率的不同,从而导致合成薄膜结晶质量的差异,衬底温度450 ℃时制备的GZO薄膜具有最好的结晶特性;GZO薄膜中载流子浓度随衬底温度升高而单调减小的现象与GZO薄膜中的本征缺陷密切相关,晶界散射强度的变化导致迁移率出现先增大后减小的趋势,衬底温度450 ℃时制备的GZO薄膜具有最小的电阻率~0.02 Ω·cm;随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜载流子浓度的单调减小导致了薄膜光学带隙变窄,所有合成样品的平均可见光透过率均达到85%以上。采用PLD方法制备GZO薄膜,衬底温度的改变可以对薄膜的光电性能起到调制作用。     

The Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Properties of Nanostructured Silicon Carbide Films Deposited by Hypersonic Plasma Particle Deposition

Nanostructured silicon carbide films have been deposited on molybdenum substrates by hypersonic plasma particle deposition. In this process a thermal plasma with injected reactants (SiCl₄ and CH₄) is expanded through a nozzle leading to the nucleation of ultrafine particles. Particles entrained in the supersonic flow are then inertially deposited in vacuum onto a temperature-controlled substrate, leading to the formation of a consolidated film. In the experiments reported, the deposition substrate temperature T_s has ranged from 250°C to 700°C, and the effect of T_s on film morphology, composition, and mechanical properties has been studied. Examination of the films by scanning electron microscopy has shown that the grain sizes in the films did not vary significantly with T_s. Micro-X-ray diffraction analysis of the deposits has shown that amorphous films are deposited at low T_s, while crystalline films are formed at high T_s. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry has indicated that the films are largely stoichiometric silicon carbide with small amounts of chlorine. The chlorine content decreases from 8% to 1.5% when the deposition temperature is raised from 450°C to 700°C. Nanoindentation and microindentation tests have been performed on as-deposited films to measure hardness, Young's modulus and to evaluate adhesion strength. The tests show that film adhesion, hardness and Young's modulus increase with increasing T_s. These results taken together demonstrate that in HPPD, as in vapor deposition processes, the substrate temperature may be used to control film properties, and that better quality films are obtained at higher substrate temperatures, i.e. T_s700°C.     

带隙可调的CdS纳米晶薄膜的化学浴制备和光学性质

CdS是一种直接带隙半导体,室温下其禁带宽度约为2.4eV,是一种良好的太阳能电池窗口层材料和过渡层材料。分别以CdCl2和(NH2)2CS作为镉源和硫源,用化学淀积法在玻璃上生长CdS纳米薄膜,考察了Cd2 浓度、淀积温度、淀积时间以及溶液pH值对CdS成膜的影响。紫外可见光吸收谱和荧光光谱的结果表明,在样品的制备过程中,通过改变反应条件如化学试剂的浓度、加热温度、加热时间等来控制薄膜中颗粒的尺寸大小,随着反应温度的逐渐降低或反应时间的减少等可以使得到的CdS纳米晶薄膜中晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,带隙增加;镉离子浓度越小或氨水浓度越大,所得CdS纳米晶薄膜带隙越大。     

Optical and Electrical Properties Evolution of Diamond-Like Carbon Thin Films with Deposition Temperature

Optical and electrical properties of diamond-like carbon （DLC） films deposited by pulsed laser ablation of graphite target at different substrate temperatures are reported. By varying the deposition temperature from 400 to 25℃, the film optical transparency and electrical resistivity increase severely. Most importantly, the transparency and resistivity properties of the DLC films can be tailored to approaching diamond by adjusting the deposition temperature, which is critical to many applications. DLC films deposited at low temperatures show excellent optical transmittance and high resistivity. Over the same temperature regime an increase of the spa bonded C content is observed using visible Raman spectroscopy, which is responsible for the enhanced transparency and resistivity properties.     

脉冲激光沉积GaN薄膜的结构和光学特性研究

采用准分子脉冲激光,在Si(111)衬底上生长了带有AlN缓冲层的GaN薄膜, 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和光致发光光谱(PL)等测试手段研究了不同沉积温度所生长的GaN薄膜结构特征和光学性能.研究表明:沉积温度影响GaN薄膜结构和光学性能,黄带发射峰主要与晶体缺陷有关.在400～700℃沉积范围内随着温度升高,GaN薄膜结构和光学性能提高.     

石英衬底上GaN薄膜沉积及其光学性能的研究

GaN薄膜材料广泛应用于发光二极管(LED),激光二极管(LD)等光电器件。但是GaN基器件的制备与应用以及器件推广很大一部分取决于其器件的价格,常用的方式是在单晶蓝宝石衬底上沉积制备GaN薄膜样品,单晶蓝宝石衬底晶向择优,可以制备出高质量的GaN薄膜样品,但是单晶蓝宝石衬底价格昂贵,一定程度上限制了其GaN基器件推广使用。如何在廉价衬底上直接沉积高质量的GaN薄膜,满足器件的要求成为研究热点。石英玻璃价格廉价,但是属于非晶体,没有择优晶向取向,很难制备出高质量薄膜样品。本研究采用等离子体增强金属有机物化学气相沉积系统在非晶普通石英衬底上改变氮气反应源流量低温制备GaN薄膜材料。制备之后采用反射高能电子衍射谱、X射线衍射光谱、室温透射光谱和光致光谱对制备的薄膜进行系统的测试分析。其结果表明：在氮气流量适当的沉积参数条件下,所制备的薄膜具有高C轴的择优取向,良好的结晶质量以及优异的光学性能。     

MOCVD生长的GaN单晶膜透射光谱研究

采用MOCVD技术在Al2O3(0001)衬底上生长了GaN薄膜，使用透射光谱、光致发光光谱和X射线双晶衍射三种技术测试了五类GaN薄膜样品，实验结果表明：GaN薄膜透射谱反映出的GaN质量与X射线双晶衍射测量的结果一致，即透射率越大，半高宽越小，结晶质量越好；而X射线双晶衍射峰半高宽最小的样品，其PL谱的带边峰却很弱，这说明PL谱反映样品的光学性能与X射线双晶衍射获得的结晶质量不存在简单的对应关系，同时还报导了一种特殊工艺生长的高阻GaN样品的RBS／沟道结果。     

衬底温度对氧化锌薄膜电学性质的影响

氧化锌是一种性能良好的半导体材料,可以用作薄膜场发射阴极中的电子传输层材料,主要研究了用磁控溅射方法在不同衬底温度下生长ZnO薄膜的电学特性,分析了ZnO薄膜的电阻率和击穿场强随温度的变化关系。     

Au层退火温度对ZnO/Au/ZnO多层膜的结构、光学及电学性质的影响

采用金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)技术在蓝宝石衬底上制备出晶体质量较好的透明导电的ZnO/Au/ZnO(ZAZ)多层膜,其中,Au夹层是通过射频磁控溅射的方法获得。通过对Au夹层进行不同温度的退火处理,研究了Au层退火温度对ZAZ多层膜的结构特性、电学性能和光学特性的影响。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、霍尔效应测试和透射谱分析等测试手段对ZAZ多层膜的性质进行了分析。测试结果表明,在200 ℃下对Au夹层进行快速退火处理,多层膜的结构、电学和光学性质达到最优,表面等离子体效应也更明显。其中,XRD(002)衍射峰的半高宽为0.14°,电阻率为2.7×10^-3 Ω·cm,载流子浓度为1.07×10²⁰ cm^-3,可见光区平均透过率为75.3%。     

柔性衬底上ALD法低温制备的ZnO薄膜的光学和电学特性(英文)

以二乙基锌和水分别作为金属前驱体和反应物,利用原子层沉积方法(ALD)在柔性衬底上生长ZnO薄膜,讨论了生长温度对薄膜特性的影响。用AFM、XRD和HALL等对薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构和电学性质进行表征,并且用PL光谱表征了其光学特性。实验结果表明,随着生长温度(低温下)的升高,薄膜的晶体质量和光学特性得到改善。当生长温度为170℃时,薄膜呈现良好的c轴择优取向,且具有较高的电子浓度(5.62×1019cm-3)和电子迁移率(28.2 cm2·V-1·s-1)。     

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structural and Optical Properties of N-Doped ZnO Films

Nitrogen-doped ZnO （ZnO：N） films are prepared by thermal oxidation of sputtered Zn3N2 layers on A1203 substrates. The correlation between the structural and optical properties of ZnO：N films and annealing temperatures is investigated. X-ray diffraction result demonstrates that the as-sputtered Zn3N2 films are transformed into ZnO：N films after annealing above 600℃. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that nitrogen has two chemical states in the ZnO：N films： the No acceptor and the double donor （N2）o. Due to the No acceptor, the hole concentration in the film annealed at 700℃ is predicted to be highest, which is also confirmed by Hall effect measurement. In addition, the temperature dependent photoluminescence spectra allow to calculate the nitrogen acceptor binding energy.     

高气压MPCVD沉积金刚石的光谱研究

采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积方法(microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition, MPCVD)在高沉积气压(34.5 kPa)下制备多晶金刚石,利用发射光谱(optical emission spectroscopy, OES)在线诊断了CH₄/H₂/O₂等离子体内基团的谱线强度及其空间分布,并利用拉曼(Raman)光谱评价了不同O₂体积分数下沉积出的金刚石膜质量,研究了金刚石膜质量的均匀性分布问题。结果表明：随着O₂体积分数的增加,C₂, CH及H_α基团的谱线强度均呈下降的趋势,而C₂,CH与H_α谱线强度比值也随之下降,表明增加O₂体积分数不仅导致等离子体中碳源基团的绝对浓度下降,而且碳源基团相对于氢原子的相对浓度也降低,使得金刚石的沉积速率下降而沉积质量提高。此外,具有刻蚀作用的OH基团的谱线强度却随着O₂体积分数的增加而上升,这也有利于降低金刚石膜中非晶碳的含量。光谱空间诊断发现高沉积气压下等离子体内基团分布不均匀,特别是中心区域C₂基团聚集造成该区域内非晶碳含量增加,最终导致金刚石膜质量分布的不均匀。     

Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnS/Porous Silicon Heterostructures

ZnS films are deposited by pulsed laser deposition on porous silicon （PS） substrates formed by electrochemical anodization of p-type （100） silicon wafer. Scanning electron microscope images reveal that the surface of ZnS films is unsmoothed, and there are some cracks in the ZnS films due to the roughness of the PS surface. The x-ray diffraction patterns show that the ZnS films on PS surface are grown in preferring orientation along cubic phase β-ZnS （111） direction. White light emission is obtained by combining the blue-green emission from ZnS films with the orange-red emission from PS layers. Based on the I-V characteristic, the ZnS/PS heterojunction exhibits the rectifying junction behaviour, and an ideality factor n is calculated to be 77 from the I-V plot.     

Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Hydrogen-Doped Amorphous GaAs Thin Films

Amorphous CaAs films are deposited on substrates of quartz glass and sificon by rf magnetron sputtering technique in different gas ambient. First, the amorphous structure of the prepared samples is identified by x-ray diffraction. Second, analysis by radial distribution function and pair correlation function method is established to characterize the microstructure of the samples. Then, the content and bond type of hydrogen are analysed using Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. It is found that the bonded hydrogen content increases with increasing partial pressure PH of H2. However, the hydrogen content saturates at PH 〉 1 × 10^-1 Pa. Hydrogen addition shills the optical absorption edge to higher energy, decreases the dark conductivity and improves the photo-sensitivity. The optical gap, dark conductivity and photo-sensitivity of the films are dependent on the bonded hydrogen content. These results demonstrate that hydrogen has obvious passivation effects on rf sputtered amorphous GaAs thin films.     

脉冲激光沉积法制备的纳米硅薄膜的结构与光学性质

采用二次阳极氧化法,制备了多孔氧化铝模板。在真空背景下,用脉冲激光沉积法,在多孔氧化铝模板上沉积一层硅,制成了硅与多孔氧化铝的复合膜,然后用盐酸将多孔氧化铝模板完全腐蚀掉,制备均匀分布着硅纳米线的硅膜。用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、光致发光对纳米硅的结构和光学性质进行了测试分析。结果表明:硅纳米线的直径约为67.5nm,长度约为100nm,数密度约10¹¹/cm²。光致发光谱是可见光范围内的一个宽发射峰,上面叠加了许多具有精细结构的尖峰,尖峰之间的波长间隔不相等,但能量间隔相等。分析了样品的结构特点,利用量子限制模型和表面发光中心模型对光谱进行了解释,提出了一个新的能级模型,求出了各个尖峰对应激发态能级的量子数。为探讨纳米硅的发光机制和实现硅发光器件的制备提供了实验依据。     

以硅为衬底的ZnO p-n结的制备及其结构、光学和电学特性

分别在n型半绝缘Si、弱n (n )以及强n (n+ )型Si片 (1 0 0 )面上用射频磁控反应溅射法和直流磁控反应溅射法制备了p型ZnO薄膜以及ZnO同质p n结。其中在生长p型ZnO时 ,反应室中通以过量的氧。对上述p型和n型ZnO薄膜进行了X射线衍射测量 ,在 34.1°附近得到了 0 .3°左右半峰全宽的ZnO(0 0 2 )衍射峰。ZnO薄膜的原子力显微镜图像上可见六角型的自组装结构。阴极射线荧光的测量显示了位于 390nm的紫外特征峰。用I V特性仪测量了上述ZnOp n结原型器件的I V电学输运曲线 ,其正向显示了约为 1 .1V的阈值 ,与日美科研人员用直流溅射和扩散法制备的ZnOp n结相似 ,但反向特性明显优于他们的