化学修饰电极的研究Ⅱ.聚乙烯二茂铁膜修饰电极的新极谱循环图

化学修饰电极是近年来电化学领域中新发展起来的活跃研究方向。在电极表面的化学修饰方法中,聚合物涂层法是近二、三年才兴起的研究课题,其中把电活性氧化还原体固着于电极表面制成聚合物薄膜电极尤其引人注意。我们用等离子体聚合法成功地制出了聚乙烯二茂铁化学修饰电极。化学修饰电极的表面可用各种能谱方法表征,但电化学方法,特别是循环伏安法,是更为灵敏有效的方法。各类新极谱法是近年来新发展的半算符电分析法。用新极谱法研究化学修饰电极未     

《化学修饰电极》征订启事

本书以化学和相关边缘科学为基础,结合现代电化学和电分析化学的最新发展,系统地介绍了化学修饰电极的由来、表面分子设计与制备、表征方法、膜内的电荷传输、电极过程动力学、功能与效应及其在生物传感器、蛋白质的电子转移、流动体系和分析中的应用,展望了化学修饰电极的发展前景,并以近期受到关注的无机膜和聚合物膜修饰电极另列章节分别论述。 本书是著者以中国科学院长春应用化学研究所电分析化学开放实验室多年的化学修饰电极研究工作为基础写成的。概述了国际上有关的最新研成果,便于读者了解该领域的前沿和发展方向。在叙述上…     

聚苯胺膜电极的氢功能

化学修饰电极在现代电化学、电分析化学领域中发展十分活跃,是个重要的崭新的研究方向。据报道,现已利用化学修饰电极的高选择性及灵敏度,制出各种分析用的电化学传感器。Diaz 和 Logan 报道了吸附在铂上的聚苯胺膜可驱动二茂铁的氧化还原反应,伴随有质子的受授作用。我们将苯胺电聚合在     

《化学修饰电极》修订版问世

《化学修饰电极》一书于1995年出版以来,受到相关领域广大读者的欢迎。随着21世纪科技的迅猛发展,如超分子化学、分子自组装和纳米诸多新技术等引入化学修饰电极领域,很大地推进其研究迈向更高水平,紧密与仿生、微型化相联,其研究和应用意义重大。结合国际上的发展趋势和电分析化学国家重点实验室的研究实践,出版了《化学修饰电极》修订版。《化学修饰电极》修订版增加了“分子自组有序膜”一章,重点论述了分子自组装的基本原理和实验方法,不同基底电极上单层膜、多层膜、双层磷脂膜以及纳米有序膜的制备、表征及应用。该书反映了化学修饰电…     

<化学修饰电极>

本书以化学和相关边缘科学为基础,结合现代电化学和电分析化学的最新发展,系统地介绍了化学修饰电极的由来、表面分子设计与制备、表征方法、膜内的电荷传输、电极过程动力学、功能与效应及其在生物传感器、蛋白质的电子转移、流动体系和分析中的应用,展望了化学修饰电极的发展前景,并以近期受到关注的无机膜和聚合物膜修饰电极另列章节分别论述.     

(4,4′,4″,4″′-四硝基)·酞菁合钴(Ⅱ)化学修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化

合成了一种钴的酞菁配合物,以玻碳为基体、用化学吸附法制备了它的化学修饰电极。用CV法研究了该化学修饰电极对抗坏血酸氧化的电催化作用。结果表明,该化学修饰电极对抗坏血酸的氧化有一定的电催化作用,且电催化活性的稳定性高,抗坏血酸的电催化氧化峰电流和其浓度之间有良好的线性关系。     

(4,4′,4″,4″′-四硝基)·酞菁合钴(Ⅱ)化学修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化

合成了一种钴的酞菁配合物,以玻碳为基体、用化学吸附法制备了它的化学修饰电极。用CV法研究了该化学修饰电极对抗坏血酸氧化的电催化作用。结果表明,该化学修饰电极对抗坏血酸的氧化有一定的电催化作用,且电催化活性的稳定性高,抗坏血酸的电催化氧化峰电流和其浓度之间有良好的线性关系。     

《化学修饰电极》征订启事

本书以化学和相关边缘科学为基础，结合现代电化学和电分析化学的最新发展，系统地介绍了化学修饰电极的由来、表面分子设计与制备、表征方法、膜内的电荷传输、电极过程动力学、功能与效应及其在生物传感器、蛋白质的电子转移、流动体系和分析中的应用，展望了化学修饰电极的发展前景，并以近期受到关注的无机膜和聚合物膜修饰电极另列章节分别论述。 本书是著者以中国科学院长春应用化学研究所电分析化学开放实验室多年的化学修饰电极研究工作为基础写成的。概述了国际上有关的最新研成果，便于读者了解该领域的前沿和发展方向。在叙述上深入浅出，为读者提供有关现代电化学和电分析化学的基础知识、研究方法及化学修饰电极的整体内容，可供电化学、电分析化学和相关边缘科学工作者研究和教学参考。 本书于1995年3月由科学出版社出版，书号：ISBN 7-03-004641-2/O·795，精装16开本，共590页，60克胶版纸印刷，每本定价44.80元，另加邮寄费4.5元。欲购者请与中科院长春应化所印刷厂张殿荣联系(长春市人民大街159号，邮编 130022)。     

硼掺杂金刚石电极及其电分析应用

一种新电极材料的发明往往会推动电分析测试的发展。硼掺杂金刚石(BDD)电极在电分析中具备宽电势窗口、低背景电流、 耐腐蚀稳定性高和低吸附的特点,因而在电分析化学中引起了广泛的兴趣。本文对BDD电极的制备、表征和基本电分析性质进行了介绍,并对其在毛细管电泳、生物传感电极、痕量金属离子检测、化学修饰电极及化学需氧量快速测定方面的应用进行了综述。     

《化学修饰电极》征订启事

本书以化学和相关边缘科学为基础,结合现代电化学和电分析化学的最新 发展,系统地介绍了化学修饰电极的由来、表面分子设计与制备、表征方法、膜内的电荷传 输、电极过程动力学、功能与效应及其在生物传感器、蛋白质的电子转移、流动体系和分析 中的应用,展望了化学修饰电极的发展前景,并以近期受到关注的无机膜和聚合物膜修饰电 极另列章节分别论述。 本书是著者以中国科学院长春应用化学研究所电分析化学开放实验室多年的化学修饰电极研 究工作为基础写成的。概述了国际上有关的最新研成果,便于读者了解该领域的前沿和发展 方向。在叙述上深入浅出,为读者提供有关现代电化学和电分析化学的基础知识、研究方法 及化学修饰电极的整体内容,可供电化学、电分析化学和相关边缘科学工作者研究和教学参 考。 本书于1995年3月由科学出版社出版,书号：ISBN 7－０３－００４６４１－２／Ｏ·795, 精装16开本,共590页,60克胶版纸印刷,每本定价4480元,另加邮寄费45元。欲购者 请与中科院长春应化所印刷厂张殿荣联系(长春市人民大街159号,邮编130022)。     

The electrochemical performance of graphene modified electrodes: an analytical perspective

We explore the use of graphene modified electrodes towards the electroanalytical sensing of various analytes, namely dopamine hydrochloride, uric acid, acetaminophen and p-benzoquinone via cyclic voltammetry. In line with literature methodologies and to investigate the full-implications of employing graphene in this electrochemical context, we modify electrode substrates that exhibit either fast or slow electron transfer kinetics (edge- or basal- plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes respectively) with well characterised commercially available graphene that has not been chemically treated, is free from surfactants and as a result of its fabrication has an extremely low oxygen content, allowing the true electroanalytical applicability of graphene to be properly de-convoluted and determined. In comparison to the unmodified underlying electrode substrates (constructed from graphite), we find that graphene exhibits a reduced analytical performance in terms of sensitivity, linearity and observed detection limits towards each of the various analytes studied within. Owing to graphene's structural composition, low proportion of edge plane sites and consequent slow heterogeneous electron transfer rates, there appears to be no advantages, for the analytes studied here, of employing graphene in this electroanalytical context.     

Stripping Voltammetry of Cerium(IIl) with a Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Containing Functionalized Nanoporous Silica Gel

This research introduces the design of an adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for the cerium(III) determination at a carbon paste electrode, chemically modified with dipyridyl‐functionalized nanoporous silica gel (DPNSG‐CPE). The electroanalytical procedure comprised two steps: the Ce(III) chemical accumulation at ?200 mV followed by the electrochemical detection of the Ce(III)/dipyridyl complex, using anodic stripping voltammetry. The factors, influencing the adsorptive stripping performance, were optimized including the modifier quantity in the paste, the electrolyte concentrations, the solution pH and the accumulation potential or time. The resulting electrode demonstrated a linear response over a wide range of Ce(III) concentration (1.0–28 ng mL^?1). The precision for seven determinations of 4 and 10 ng mL^?1 Ce(III) was 3.2% and 2.5% (relative standard deviation), respectively. The prepared electrode was used for the cerium determination in real samples and very good recovery results were obtained.     

Electroanalytical performance of a Bismuth/Antimony composite glassy carbon electrode in detecting lead and cadmium

This work reports on the electroanalytical performance of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with antimony and bismuth (Sb/Bi-GCE) in detecting heavy metal ions using lead and cadmium as model analytes. The electroanalytical performance of the Sb/Bi-GCE surface was compared to the bismuth modified glassy carbon electrode (Bi-GCE) as well as the antimony modified glassy carbon electrode (Sb-GCE). The Sb/Bi-GCE exhibited excellent figures of merit compared to Bi-GCE and Sb-GCE surfaces. For example, the limit of detection for lead was 0.01 ppb using Sb/Bi-GCE and 0.1 and 1 ppb on Bi-GCE and Sb-GCE, respectively.     

Fabrication and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube‐Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite: Application to Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Cadmium

A novel chemically modified electrode for stripping determination of cadmium is presented in this paper, based on carbon nanotube‐hydroxyapatite (CNT‐HAP) nanocomposite, which can be prepared by an easy and effective one‐step sonication. The newly synthesized nanocomposite was characterized with FTIR, TEM, and electrochemical methods. Due to the combination of the strong absorption ability of HAP and excellent electroanalytical properties of CNTs, the GC/CNT‐HAP electrode has been successfully used for determination of Cd²⁺ by anodic stripping voltammetry with a linear range of 20 nM–3 μM. The sensitivity and detection limit are 25.6 μA/μM and 4 nM, respectively. The practical application of the proposed electrode has been carried out for the determination of trace levels of Cd²⁺ in real water samples.     

Back‐to‐Back Screen‐Printed Electroanalytical Sensors: Extending the Potential Applications of the Simplistic Design

In our previous paper (Analyst, 2014 , 139, 5339) we introduced the concept of the back‐to‐back electrochemical design where the commonly overlooked back of screen‐printed electrodes are utilised to provide electroanalytical enhancements in screen‐printed electroanalytical sensors. In this configuration the overall sensor comprises of a flexible polyester substrate which has a total of two working, counter and reference electrodes present on the sensor, with a set of electrodes on each side of the substrate. The sensors are designed to allow for a commonly shared electrical connection to the potentiostat and do not require any specialised connections. In this paper we demonstrate proof‐of‐concept extending the electroanalytical utility of the back‐to‐back screen‐printed electrode sensors to bulk modified single‐walled carbon‐nanotubes and electrocatalytic cobalt phthalocyanine microband electrodes. The electroanalytical applications of these novel electrode configuration are exemplified towards the sensing of dopamine, capsaicin and hydrazine. This paper demonstrates the versatility of the back‐to‐back configuration where different surface modifications can be readily employed giving rise to enhancements in sensor performance.     

Second harmonic a.c. voltammetry of surface-bonded pyrazolines

Second harmonic a.c. voltammetry is shown to have high promise as an electroanalytical tool for the study of reactive species chemically bonded to an electrode surface. Even with a low density of surface sites, the strong discrimination against nonfaradaic currents permits useful data to be obtained. Results from studies using 2-pyrazoline structures surface bonded to SnO₂ are given and discussed.     

碳糊电极和化学修饰碳糊电极的制备及性能综述

碳糊电极在电化学研究中起着非常重要的作用．从电极材料选用和修饰剂选择方面综述了碳糊电极和化学修饰碳糊电极制备的几种方法,分析了碳糊电极和化学修饰碳糊电极制备技术存在的主要问题及其原因,评价了碳糊电极和化学修饰碳糊电极的表征技术、性能以及影响电极性能的因素．概括了近年来本课题组在碳糊电极研究中的一些结果．     

Voltammetric Studies of Propylthiouracil at a Carbon-Paste Electrode Modified with Cobalt(II)-4-chlorosalophen: Application to Voltammetric Determination in Pharmaceutical and Clinical Preparations

A carbon-paste electrode chemically modified with a Schiff-base complex of cobalt (cobalt(II)-4-chlorosalophen, CoClSal) is utilized to investigate the voltammetric response of propylthiouracil (PTU). The mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation of the compound is investigated by means of cyclic voltammetric studies applying various pHs to the buffered solutions. The modified electrode exhibits effective catalytic properties that lower the anodic overpotential and enhance the rate of electron transfer for the electrochemical oxidation of PTU. The results of the cyclic voltammetric (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) techniques showed that the modified electrode exhibits good selectivity for discriminating between the anodic wave of PTU and some biological thiols (e.g. cysteine) which may be present in human serum samples. DPV is used as a very sensitive electroanalytical method for the detection of trace amounts of PTU in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations. The results showed that the anodic peak current for the analyte in DPV varies linearly with the concentration of PTU in the range of 7.5 × 10⁻⁶ to 7.5 × 10⁻⁴ M (RSD for the slope of calibration curve <4%, n = 6).     

Carbon paste electrode modified with Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles and BMI.PF<Subscript>6</Subscript> ionic liquid for determination of estrone by square-wave voltammetry

A carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NP) and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL BMI.PF₆) was employed for the electroanalytical determination of estrone (E1) by square-wave voltammetry (SWV). At the modified electrode, cyclic voltammograms of E1 in B–R buffer (pH 12.0) showed an adsorption-controlled irreversible oxidation peak at around +0.365 V. The anodic current increased by a factor of five times and the peak potential shifted 65 mV to less positive values compared with the unmodified CPE. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve obtained showed two linear ranges: from 4.0 to 9.0 μmol L^?1 and from 9.0 to 100.0 μmol L^?1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) attained were 0.47 and 4.0 μmol L^?1, respectively. The proposed modified electrode was applied to the determination of E1 in pork meat samples. Data provided by the proposed modified electrode were compared with data obtained by UV–vis spectroscopy. The outstanding performance of the electrochemical device indicates that Fe₃O₄ NP and the IL BMI.PF₆ are promising materials for the preparation of chemically modified electrodes for the determination of E1.     

自组装膜技术在电分析化学中的研究与应用

本文对自组膜（ＳＡＭｓ）在电分析化学中的研究和应用进行了比较全面的综述。ＳＡＭｓ是单分子膜化学修饰电极发展的最高形式，本文着重阐述了硫醇／金单分子层自组膜在微电极、生物电化学和生物传感器、液相色谱电化学、电催化、光谱电化学等电分析化学研究领域中的应用，并进行了展望。