单晶硒纳米线的室温快速生长

本文报道了一个新颖的酸化方法在室温下于聚丙烯酸及其钠盐形成的缓冲体系中制得直径为50nm、长为5μm的单晶硒纳米线。使用此法可将硒纳米线的成核及生长时间缩短为3h。一系列表征结果证明利用这一简单有效的方法在短时间内可成功地生长出均一尺寸的硒纳米线。     

表面活性剂存在下氢化物发生原子荧光法测定微量硒的研究及应用

研究了不同表面活性剂对硒的氢化物发生原子荧光测定(HG-AFS)的影响,发展了一种灵敏度高、选择性好的HG-AFS测定硒的方法。在定量还原Se(Ⅳ)为Se(Ⅳ)的条件下,测定了补硒品康必硒中的Se(Ⅳ)、Se(Ⅳ)和有机硒的含量。     

铜纳米线的液相制备及其表面修饰研究进展

在现代纳米科学技术领域中,铜纳米线由于具有独特的光学、电学、力学和热学性质而成为制备透明柔性导电电极的优良材料。铜价格低廉,自然存储量较大,是实际应用中替代贵金属的理想材料。然而,将铜离子还原为单质铜比较困难,且单质铜非常容易被氧化,这成为应用中亟需解决的关键问题。如何制备单分散、稳定且具有抗氧化性的铜纳米线也成为该领域的研究热点。在各种制备铜纳米线的方法中,液相还原法不仅可以解决以上问题,且该方法具有制备条件限制少、成本低、简单易行等优点而被广泛应用于铜纳米线的大量合成。本文从铜纳米线的研究背景和研究价值入手,首先综述了不同（光滑或粗糙、单晶或孪晶）铜纳米线的液相制备方法及其生长机制。讨论了铜纳米线的氧化及其抗氧化表面包覆问题。最后对铜纳米线的研究意义和应用前景做出展望。     

PVP存在下液液界面生长法制备硒纳米线(英)

0IntroductionSelenium(Se)iswellknownforitsphotoelectri鄄calandsemiconductorpropertiesandhasbeensuc鄄cessfullyusedinsolarcells,rectifiers,photographicexposuremetersandxerography[1].Itcouldbeexpect鄄edthattheuniquestructureandthequalityofone鄄di鄄mensional(     

三聚阳离子表面活性剂的合成

以甲胺盐酸盐和溴代烷为原料,通过季铵化反应合成了系列新型三聚阳离子表面活性剂12-n-12-n-12·3Br-(n=3,4,6),其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征.     

银纳米线表面等离子波导研究进展

近年来,基于银纳米线表面等离子极化子的研究得到了迅猛的发展。银纳米线支持的表面电磁波可以沿金属-电介质的界面进行传导,并且能够实现二维亚波长模式受限,这种奇异特性使得银纳米线在设计集成光子信号传输系统领域具有独特的应用前景.本文中作者评述了银纳米线的制备、纳米线表面等离子成像以及纳米线光学元件和器件方面取得的最新研究进展,分析了表面等离子波导所面临的一些重要问题及其应对策略.     

表面活性剂的电喷雾质谱分析

采用不同的质谱采集模式分析了不同类型的表面活性剂。阳离子表面活性剂如氯化十二烷基二甲基苄基铵,适合正离子采集模式,准分子离子为其阳离子;阴离子表面活性剂如十二烷基苯磺酸钠,适合负离子采集模式,准分子离子为其阴离子;两性表面活性剂如氧化十四烷基二甲基胺,适合负离子采集模式,准分子离子为[M-H]^-;非离子表面活性剂如壬基酚聚氧乙烯（12）醚,适合正离子采集模式,准分子离子为[M＋Na]^-。     

新型表面活性剂研究进展--Bola型表面活性剂与Gemini型表面活性剂

对两类新型表面活性剂--Bola型表面活性剂和Gemini型表面活性剂,从结构特点、研究历史、水中的溶解性与Krafft点、表面活性与表面吸附、临界胶团浓度、水中的聚集体类型与转化、研究前景等方面进行综述.     

聚乙烯醇系高分子表面活性剂

聚乙烯醇(PVA)系高分子表面活性剂,可用作乙烯基单体乳液均聚或共聚的乳化剂和氯乙烯(VC)悬浮聚合的分散稳定剂。本文主要介绍它的分类、性能、应用和乳化分散作用机理。     

Room Temperature Sensing Achieved by GaAs Nanowires and oCVD Polymer Coating

Novel structures comprised of GaAs nanowire arrays conformally coated with conducting polymers (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) or poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene‐co‐3‐thiophene acetic acid) display both sensitivity and selectivity to a variety of volatile organic chemicals. A key feature is room temperature operation, so that neither a heater nor the power it would consume, is required. It is a distinct difference from traditional metal oxide sensors, which typically require elevated operational temperature. The GaAs nanowires are prepared directly via self‐seeded metal–organic chemical deposition, and conducting polymers are deposited on GaAs nanowires using oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). The range of thickness for the oCVD layer is between 100 and 200 nm, which is controlled by changing the deposition time. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates an edge‐on alignment of the crystalline structure of the PEDOT coating layer on GaAs nanowires. In addition, the positive correlation between the improvement of sensitivity and the increasing nanowire density is demonstrated. Furthermore, the effect of different oCVD coating materials is studied. The sensing mechanism is also discussed with studies considering both nanowire density and polymer types. Overall, the novel structure exhibits good sensitivity and selectivity in gas sensing, and provides a promising platform for future sensor design.

     

Easy Room Temperature Synthesis of High Surface Area Anatase Nanowires with Different Morphologies

Anatase nanowires were synthesized in solution by using a simple mixing of titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate), lactic acid and sodium hydroxide at room temperature. We discuss effects of reaction parameters and post treatment (annealing) on the nanowire morphology, surface area, and crystallinity, as well as the competing morphology directing effects of lactic acid and sodium hydroxide. Then the room temperature nanowires were directly grown onto fluoride doped tin oxide (FTO) glass to form photoanodes. Photoelectrochemical measurements of the different nanowires were performed and compared to conventional nanowires produced by high temperature synthesis. Clearly the nanowires introduced in this work show a significant increase in the maximum photocurrent, compared to classic hydrothermal nanowire layers.     

抗坏血酸为还原剂制备Se纳米线(英)

0IntroductionOne鄄dimensionalnanostructuressuchasnanowires,nanorods,ornanotubeshavebeenthesub鄄jectofintensiveresearchduetotheirpotentialuseasactivecomponentsorinterconnectsinfabricatingnanoscaleelectronicorelectromechanicaldevices[1].Theyalsorepresentane…     

软化学法低温合成银纳米线及其生长机制

以AgNO_3为起始物，采用DMF为溶剂和还原剂，无须采用晶种，在低温下 AgNO_3经DMF还原，通过软化学法合成了结构均匀的银纳米线，其直径为15-30nm， 长度高达20μm。通过引入乙酰丙酮，控制钛酸丁酯水解形成的多孔氧化物溶胶为 网络孔道结构，这种孔道结构为银纳米线的控制合成提供了有效的生长模板。     

Self‐Template‐Directed Synthesis of Porous Perovskite Nanowires at Room Temperature for High‐Performance Visible‐Light Photodetectors

The unique optoelectronic properties and promising photovoltaic applications of organolead halide perovskites have driven the exploration of facile strategies to synthesize organometal halide perovskites and corresponding hybrid materials and devices. Currently, the preparation of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite nanowires, especially those with porous features, is still a great challenge. An efficient self‐template‐directed synthesis of high‐quality porous CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite nanowires in solution at room temperature using the Pb‐containing precursor nanowires as both the sacrificial template and the Pb²⁺ source in the presence of CH₃NH₃Br and HBr is now presented. The initial formation of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite layers on the surface of the precursor nanowires and the following dissolution of the organic component of the latter led to the formation of mesopores and the preservation of the 1D morphology. Furthermore, the perovskite nanowires are potential materials for visible‐light photodetectors with high sensitivity and stability.     

碳热还原制备不同形貌的碳化硅纳米线

以酚醛树脂为碳源，正硅酸乙酯为硅源，硝酸镧和表面活性剂为调控剂，通过溶胶-凝胶和碳热还原反应制备了不同形貌的碳化硅纳米线。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线散射能谱对所制备的碳化硅纳米线进行表征。结果表明，通过此方法所制备的碳化硅纳米线均为立方结构的β-SiC，分别具有直线状、竹节状和链珠状、分枝状等不同形貌。金属催化剂和表面活性剂对碳化硅纳米线的结构和形貌变化有重要影响。     

Aqueous-Phase Synthesis of Size-Tunable PbSe Nanocubes at Room Temperature for Optical Property Characterization

A simple aqueous-phase synthesis of PbSe nanocubes with tunable sizes has been developed by first preparing a Na₂SeSO₃ stock solution through dissolution of selenium powder in a solution of Na₂SO₃ at 90–100 °C for 30 min, and adding part of this solution to a mixture of lead acetate and acetic acid at room temperature with stirring for only 5–8 min to complete the nanocrystal growth. Adjusting the volume of acetic acid and Na₂SeSO₃ solution added enabled the size of the nanocrystals to be tuned, with average edge lengths of 13 to 121 nm attained. Changes in solution color revealed very different crystal growth rates for the 13 and 121 nm nanocubes. The PbSe cubes exhibit size-dependent absorption bands in the ultraviolet and visible-light region; the band positions show progressive redshifts with increasing particle size. Slight photocatalytic activity upon 532 nm laser irradiation of the nanocubes suggests the presence of higher energy levels in the band structure of PbSe. The synthetic conditions can be easily scaled up to obtain a large quantity of PbSe nanocubes for applications.