羟基代聚并苯的氢键作用对其导电能力的影响

采用量子化学晶体轨道ＣＮＤＯ／ ２ 方法,在考虑了羟基代聚并苯氢键作用的基础上对其双链模型的电子结构进行系列的计算和讨论．结果表明羟基代聚并苯链位于不同位置时,氢键的作用有明显的不同,能带结构差别很大     

聚并苯和取代聚并苯电子性质的量子化学研究

准一维聚并苯体系是一类典型的梯形结构有机导体材料．采用量子化学一维紧束缚自洽场晶体轨道ＣＮＤＯ／２　方法，研究了顺、反式聚并苯和取代聚并苯的结构、能量和电子布居．计算了甲基、甲氧基、氯和羟基取代聚并苯的电子能带，与聚并苯进行了分析比较．结果表明：（１）单取代使对称性明显降低，对聚并苯的能带结构影响较大，使能隙值普遍增大，导电性能降低．（２）双取代虽使电荷重新分布，但基本保持聚并苯自身结构特征．取代聚并苯与聚并苯比较能隙值变化不大．对于不同的取代基影响规律不同．对位双取代与间位双取代也表现出差异．（３）顺式和反式结构聚并苯的电子性质略有差异，取代后变化较大．     

含氮杂环并苯类高聚物结构与能带规律的从头算和半经验量子化学研究

采用从头算ＨＦ和半经验量子化学方法,对含氮杂环并苯类高聚物体系进行几何结构优化．比较不同方法下它们的电子性质的差异,揭示聚并苯、聚并吡啶、聚并吡嗪的能带分布特征和规律．为深入研究导电、发光等功能材料及能带匹配器件的分子设计提供依据．     

ClO~4^-在聚并苯分子表面的吸附行为及其电子性质

采用量子化学CNDO/2法, 从理论上探讨了ClO~4^-在聚并苯表面的吸附行为。ClO~4^-在聚并苯分子中C=C双键、C-C单键中点上方为稳定吸附位, 前者吸附能最大。在其它位置吸附的ClO~4^-极易向该点迁移。EHMO-CO能带结构计算指出:ClO~4^-掺杂聚并苯中, ClO~4^-处在洞位、双键桥位及氢键位时, 体系的导电性能较好, 而作为电极材料, 洞位可能是吸附与脱附的最佳位置。     

聚乙烯/聚并苯复合材料室温电阻率变化规律研究

以新型导电材料聚并苯替代碳黑作为导电填料制备聚乙烯/聚并苯复合物.确定了复合物渗流转变区,并解释渗流转变现象的产生机理.从聚并苯含量和热处理过程,对聚乙烯/聚并苯复合物室温电阻率变化规律进行讨论.结果表明,聚并苯质量分数在20%～40%之间是聚乙烯/聚并苯复合物渗流转变区;热处理有利于聚乙烯晶区完善排列,也有利于导电链形成;以聚并苯作为导电填料所制备的复合物具有较高的PTC强度;辐射交联可以提高聚乙烯/聚并苯复合物PTC强度,抑制NTC效应.     

水分子与聚苯胺间氢键的形成对电子性质的影响

用量子化学SCF-LCAO-MO AM1方法, 对于水分子与聚苯胺(PAn)间氢键体系进行了结构优化, 从理论上系统地研究了聚苯胺分子链不同位置形成氢键的可能性以及成键方式。运用晶体轨道EHMACC方法, 对具有不同氢键结构的PAn体系进行了能带结构计算, 揭示了水分子存在和氢键的形成对PAn掺杂导电性能的贡献。氢键形成后, 能带结构变化表明有利于导电能力的提高。     

酞菁,酞菁铁及酞菁镍电子性质的理论研究

以双片层分子为晶体单胞模型，用量子化学具有晶体轨道的ＥＨＭＯ方法研究了酞菁、酞菁铁及酞菁镍的导电性能，讨论了碘掺杂对它的影响。计算结果表明：由于碘掺杂后，系体构型发生了较大的变化，层间作用加强，从而前述几种晶体的能隙均显著降低，电导率大幅度提高。     

硫化聚并苯导电材料结构的理论化学研究

采用量子化学从头算方法和AM1半经验方法,探讨了聚并苯导电聚合物硫掺杂前后结构和电子性质的变化,提出了硫化聚并苯导电材料的“双层夹心”分子结构模型.研究表明,硫化后的聚并苯材料,S原子位于两层聚并苯分子平面中间,并与两个聚并苯分子平面中相应的两个C原子相键合,形成C—S—C“桥式”共价单键;并解释了硫化聚并苯导电材料比本征态聚并苯材料作电极时可逆容量增大的原因.     

n-型掺杂反式聚乙炔导电性能各向异性研究

根据固体能带理论，用量子化学ＥＨＭＯ／ ＣＯ 方法，计算了高取向反式聚乙炔及其ｎ－ 型掺杂态（掺杂Ｌｉ，Ｎａ，Ｋ） 的二维能带结构，首次从能隙与带宽角度讨论了聚乙炔经ｎ－ 型掺杂呈现的导电性能的各向异性．研究表明：平行和垂直于分子链方向的电导率之比（σ∥／σ⊥） 取决于这两个方向上能隙和带宽的大小；掺杂后σ∥／σ⊥下降，其原因是掺杂剂在聚乙炔链间架起了一个“浮桥”，使链间耦合作用增强．理论计算与实验结果一致     

聚吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯的电子结构及导电性研究

采用密度泛函(DFT)方法在6-31g(d)水平下研究了聚吡咯和聚吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯, 以及它们的单体和低聚物的电子结构. 对中心键的键长、电荷密度以及Weberg键级的研究表明, 随着主链聚合度的增加, 其共轭性增强. 对聚合物还进行了能带结构和态密度分析. 结果发现, 在3位聚合的并环化合物具有最优的导电性能, 其能隙仅有0.25 eV, 可以作为潜在的导电聚合物材料.     

Electronic structures of organic molecule encapsulated BN nanotubes under transverse electric field

The electronic structures of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) doped by different organic molecules under a transverse electric field were investigated via first-principles calculations. The external field reduces the energy gap of BNNT, thus makes the molecular bands closer to the BNNT band edges and enhances the charge transfers between BNNT and molecules. The effects of the electric field direction on the band structure are negligible. The electric field shielding effect of BNNT to the inside organic molecules is discussed. Organic molecule doping strongly modifies the optical property of BNNT, and the absorption edge is redshifted under static transverse electric field.     

苯封四聚苯胺/TiO2/ITO薄膜电极光致界面电荷转移

采用水解胶溶法和旋转涂膜法分别制备出TiO2纳米粒子溶胶和TiO2／ITO薄膜,采用浸泡法制备出苯封四聚苯胺（聚苯胺）／TiO2／ITO薄膜电极．利用表面光电压谱、光致循环伏安和光电流作用谱测定了TiO2的禁带宽度和表面态能级、聚苯胺的HOMO-LUMO能级宽度和双极化子能级,确定了聚苯胺／TiO2／ITO薄膜电极能带结构,进一步分析了聚苯胺／TiO2／ITO薄膜电极的光电转换特性及光致界面电荷转移的机理。     

含空位和杂质缺陷的LiFePO4电子结构的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了含空位和杂质缺陷的LiFePO_4电子结构,通过能带、态密度、布居分布分析,阐明缺陷及阴离子掺杂对材料电化学性能的影响,为LiFePO_4的结构设计和实验研究提供理论基础。结果表明,Li、Fe和O空位型缺陷对LiFePO_4的带型变化影响较小,禁带中无新的导带,禁带宽度有一定程度缩小,有利于电子的传导,但总能量上升,造成结构的不稳定性,在实际高温制备过程中,可能产生少量杂相,影响LiFePO_4正极材料的电化学性能;P空位缺陷对LiFePO_4的带型影响同样较小,但在禁带中产生了两条新的导带,禁带宽度明显变窄,有利于电子的传导,虽然总能量上升,造成结构的不稳定性,但在实际高温制备过程中,可能产生微量有利于电化学性能的杂相;F掺杂LiFePO_4的带型出现了明显的变化,半导体类型由p型转变为n型,极大地促进了电子的导电性,总能量下降,结构稳定,对LiFePO_4正极材料的电化学性能有正面的影响。     

Tuning of Photonic band gap via combined effect of electric and optical fields in a blue phase liquid crystal composite

ABSTRACT

Blue phase liquid crystals are soft 3D photonic crystals in which the liquid crystal molecules self-assemble to form a cubic structure with lattice spacing of a few hundred nanometers resulting in selective reflection of colours in the visible spectrum. The corresponding wavelength or the ‘photonic band gap’ can be tuned using various external stimuli such as thermal, electric, magnetic and optical fields. Here, we report efficient tuning of photonic band gap by utilising the combination of electric and optical fields in a blue phase liquid crystalline system. The studies indicate that the chirality of the medium has a direct bearing on the direction of the wavelength shift and the extent of the photonic band gap tunability. More importantly, the synergistic effect of the two fields helps in reversible tuning of the band gap.     

Quantum Chemistry Studies on the Difference of Structures and Electronic Properties of Polyacene,Polypyridinopyridine and Paracyanogen

IntroductionThestudiesonconductivepo1ymershavebeenofmuchinterestsbothinex-perimentalworkandtheorysincetheresultsonconductivityofdopedpolyacety-lenewerereported.Itwasreportedthatthehighestconductivityofdopedpoly-acetylenereachedupto1O5s/cmandjustfellintherangeofmetalconduction[1].Somepeoplehaveputforwardone-dimension(1D)graphitematerialfamilytobeconsistedofcondensedaromaticrings.Therearetwbkindsofimportantmolecularskeletonsforms,oneisanextended.versionfrompolyacene.Thepolyacenecanbeobtaintedb…     

Response properties of AgCl and AgBr under an external static electric field: A density functional study

Density functional theory has been applied to investigate the effect of electric field on the electronic properties of AgCl and AgBr crystals using a static electric field perturbation. A reduction in the band gap value and widening of the band widths are observed with increase in the macroscopic field value indicating a considerable red shift in the absorption spectrum of AgCl and AgBr in the presence of an external electric field. Further, dielectric properties and lattice vibrations at the gamma point are calculated with three different functionals using the CPKS and the Berry phase approach as implemented in CRYSTAL09 code. Finally, the breakdown strength of AgCl and AgBr crystal is evaluated using Callen’s equation. In contrast to the case of alkali halides, it is found that the inclusion of the numerically calculated effective mass ratio into the Callen’s equation considerably improves the agreement between the calculated dielectric strength and the available experimental datum.     

锂离子电池新型快充负极材料Li4Ti5O12的改性研究

采用传统固相法制备尖晶石型Li4Ti5O12, 在前驱物中掺杂聚合物裂解碳材料聚并苯(PAS). 经四探针测试仪测量, 电导率提高9个数量级. 复合物的电化学性能测试结果表明, 其循环性和高倍率性能得到了明显改善.     

Computational atomistic blueprinting of novel conducting copolymers using particle swarm optimization

A proficient metaheuristic approach viz., particle swarm optimization coupled with negative factor counting technique and inverse iteration method has been employed for designing novel binary and ternary copolymers based on thiophene, pyrrole and furan skeletons. A comparative study of the electronic structures and conduction properties of neutral heterocyclic copolymers and their benzene substituted analogues is inferred using the band structure results derived from ab-initio Hartree–Fock crystal orbital calculations. The band gap value decreases as a result of substitution on the polymer backbone due to increased quinoid contributions which is expected to enhance the intrinsic conductivity of the resulting copolymers. In general, it has been found that HOMO energies have a more decisive influence than LUMO energies on the relative fraction of constituents of the respective low band gap copolymers. The trends in the electronic properties of the respective copolymers are also verified and discussed with the help of density of states. These results can help streamline scrupulous synthetic efforts providing a potent route for molecular engineering of sustainable and efficient electronic materials.     

石墨烯和硼氮类石墨烯对LiFePO4表面结构的改进及其电导的促进作用

利用密度泛函理论研究石墨烯和硼氮类石墨烯包覆对LiFePO₄ (010)表面结构和电导性质的影响. 结果表明包覆层和LiFePO₄ (010)表面之间的相互作用可以改善LiFePO₄ (010)表面的电导性能. 石墨烯包覆LiFePO₄ (010)表面后, 禁带宽度从3.3 eV减小到2.1 eV. 硼氮类石墨烯包覆LiFePO₄ (010)表面后, 虽然其价带顶和导带底仍由Fe的3d轨道贡献, 但禁带中出现两个间隔为0.6 eV的带隙态, 由硼氮类石墨烯与LiFePO₄(010)表面有直接接触并形成共价键的B原子和N原子贡献.     

一维〔M（tmp）〕_2ReO_4（M＝Ni、Cu、Pd）聚合物的能带结构

用紧束缚ＥＨＴ晶体轨道方法对一维〔Ｍ（ｔｍｐ）〕_２ＲｅＯ_４（Ｍ＝Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｄ）聚合物进行了能带计算，利用键向量近似方法对能带的结构及组成进行了讨论。结果表明，该类型聚合物具有不同的导电机理，并进一步研究了环平面间的成键性质及转角改变对聚合物导电性能的影响。