Pinching theorems of hypersurfaces in a unit sphere

Let Mn be a complete hypersurface in Sn+1(1) with constant mean curvature. Assume that Mn has n−1 principal curvatures with the same sign everywhere. We prove that if RicM≤C₋(H), either S?S₊(H) or RicM?0 or the fundamental group of Mn is infinite, then S is constant, S=S₊(H) and Mn is isometric to a Clifford torus with . These rigidity theorems are still valid for compact hypersurface without constancy condition on the mean curvature.     

On the layered nearest neighbour estimate, the bagged nearest neighbour estimate and the random forest method in regression and classification

Let be identically distributed random vectors in R^d, independently drawn according to some probability density. An observation is said to be a layered nearest neighbour (LNN) of a point if the hyperrectangle defined by and contains no other data points. We first establish consistency results on , the number of LNN of . Then, given a sample of independent identically distributed random vectors from R^d×R, one may estimate the regression function by the LNN estimate , defined as an average over the Y_i’s corresponding to those which are LNN of . Under mild conditions on r, we establish the consistency of towards 0 as n→∞, for almost all and all p≥1, and discuss the links between r_n and the random forest estimates of Breiman (2001) [8]. We finally show the universal consistency of the bagged (bootstrap-aggregated) nearest neighbour method for regression and classification.     

Sub-criticality of non-local Schrödinger systems with antisymmetric potentials and applications to half-harmonic maps

We consider non-local linear Schrödinger-type critical systems of the type(1) where Ω is antisymmetric potential in L²(R,so(m)), v is an Rm valued map and Ωv denotes the matrix multiplication. We show that every solution v∈L²(R,Rm) of (1) is in fact in , for every 2?p<+∞, in other words, we prove that the system (1) which is a-priori only critical in L² happens to have a subcritical behavior for antisymmetric potentials. As an application we obtain the regularity of weak 1/2-harmonic maps into C² compact sub-manifolds without boundary.     

On holomorphic domination, I

Let X be a separable Banach space and u:X→R locally upper bounded. We show that there are a Banach space Z and a holomorphic function h:X→Z with u(x)<‖h(x)‖ for x∈X. As a consequence we find that the sheaf cohomology group Hq(X,O) vanishes if X has the bounded approximation property (i.e., X is a direct summand of a Banach space with a Schauder basis), O is the sheaf of germs of holomorphic functions on X, and q?1. As another consequence we prove that if f is a C¹-smooth -closed (0,1)-form on the space X=L₁[0,1] of summable functions, then there is a C¹-smooth function u on X with on X.     

On the irrationality of factorial series III

In this paper we derive some irrationality and linear independence results for series of the form where is either a non-negative integer sequence with υ_n = o(log n/log log n) or a non-decreasing integer sequence with .     

Pointwise characterizations of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and quasiconformal mappings

In this paper, the authors characterize, in terms of pointwise inequalities, the classical Besov spaces and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces for all s∈(0,1) and p,q∈(n/(n+s),∞], both in Rn and in the metric measure spaces enjoying the doubling and reverse doubling properties. Applying this characterization, the authors prove that quasiconformal mappings preserve on Rn for all s∈(0,1) and q∈(n/(n+s),∞]. A metric measure space version of the above morphism property is also established.     

The higher-order Picone identity and comparison of half-linear differential equations of even order

An identity of the Picone type for higher-order half-linear ordinary differential operators of the form and where p_j and P_j, j=0,…,n, are continuous functions defined on [a,b] and , is derived and then the Sturmian comparison theory for the corresponding 2nth-order equations l_α[x]=0 and L_α[y]=0 based on this identity is developed.     

A pattern sequence approach to Stern’s sequence

Suppose that w∈1{0,1}^∗ and let a_w(n) be the number of occurrences of the word w in the binary expansion of n. Let {s(n)}_n?0 denote the Stern sequence, defined by s(0)=0, s(1)=1, and for n?1, In this note, we show that where denotes the complement of w (obtained by sending 0?1 and 1?0) and [w]₂ denotes the integer specified by the word w∈{0,1}^∗ interpreted in base 2.     

Smoothness of the moduli space of complexes of coherent sheaves on an abelian or a projective K3 surface

For an abelian or a projective K3 surface X over an algebraically closed field k, consider the moduli space of the objects E in Db(Coh(X)) satisfying and Hom(E,E)≅k. Then we can prove that is smooth and has a symplectic structure.     

Quantum Schur superalgebras and Kazhdan-Lusztig combinatorics

We introduce the notion of quantum Schur (or q-Schur) superalgebras. These algebras share certain nice properties with q-Schur algebras such as the base change property, the existence of canonical Z[v,v⁻¹]-bases, the duality relation with Manin’s quantum matrix superalgebra A(m|n), and the bridging role between quantum enveloping superalgebras of gl(m|n) and the Hecke algebras of type A. We also construct a cellular -basis and determine its associated cells, called supercells, in terms of a Robinson-Schensted-Knuth supercorrespondence. In this way, we classify all irreducible representations over via supercell modules.     

Asymptotic cone of semisimple orbits for symmetric pairs

Let G be a reductive algebraic group over C and denote its Lie algebra by g. Let Oh be a closed G-orbit through a semisimple element h∈g. By a result of Borho and Kraft (1979) [4], it is known that the asymptotic cone of the orbit Oh is the closure of a Richardson nilpotent orbit corresponding to a parabolic subgroup whose Levi component is the centralizer ZG(h) in G. In this paper, we prove an analogue on a semisimple orbit for a symmetric pair.More precisely, let θ be an involution of G, and K=Gθ a fixed point subgroup of θ. Then we have a Cartan decomposition g=k+s of the Lie algebra g=Lie(G) which is the eigenspace decomposition of θ on g. Let {x,h,y} be a normal sl₂ triple, where x,y∈s are nilpotent, and h∈k semisimple. In addition, we assume , where denotes the complex conjugation which commutes with θ. Then is a semisimple element in s, and we can consider a semisimple orbit Ad(K)a in s, which is closed. Our main result asserts that the asymptotic cone of Ad(K)a in s coincides with , if x is even nilpotent.     

Modulation spaces, Wiener amalgam spaces, and Brownian motions

We study the local-in-time regularity of the Brownian motion with respect to localized variants of modulation spaces and Wiener amalgam spaces . We show that the periodic Brownian motion belongs locally in time to and for (s−1)q<−1, and the condition on the indices is optimal. Moreover, with the Wiener measure μ on T, we show that and form abstract Wiener spaces for the same range of indices, yielding large deviation estimates. We also establish the endpoint regularity of the periodic Brownian motion with respect to a Besov-type space . Specifically, we prove that the Brownian motion belongs to for (s−1)p=−1, and it obeys a large deviation estimate. Finally, we revisit the regularity of Brownian motion on usual local Besov spaces , and indicate the endpoint large deviation estimates.     

Generalized Bargmann transform and a group representation

Let FA(Cn) denote the Fock space associated with a real linear transformation A on Cn which is symmetric and positive definite relative to the real inner product Re〈z,w〉, z,w∈Cn. Let BA denote the Bargmann transform, mapping L²(Rn) unitarily onto FA(Cn). In this note, we show that one can find a group G, whose unitary irreducible representation at its base vector coincides with up to a constant multiple, where denotes the adjoint of BA and Kw denotes the reproducing kernel of FA(Cn).     

Independence results for variants of sharply bounded induction

The theory , axiomatized by the induction scheme for sharply bounded formulae in Buss’ original language of bounded arithmetic (with ⌊x/2⌋ but not ⌊x/2^y⌋), has recently been unconditionally separated from full bounded arithmetic S₂. The method used to prove the separation is reminiscent of those known from the study of open induction.We make the connection to open induction explicit, showing that models of can be built using a “nonstandard variant” of Wilkie’s well-known technique for building models of IOpen. This makes it possible to transfer many results and methods from open to sharply bounded induction with relative ease.We provide two applications: (i) the Shepherdson model of IOpen can be embedded into a model of , which immediately implies some independence results for ; (ii) extended by an axiom which roughly states that every number has a least 1 bit in its binary notation, while significantly stronger than plain , does not prove the infinity of primes.     

On Chern?s problem for rigidity of minimal hypersurfaces in the spheres

For a compact minimal hypersurface M in Sn+1 with the squared length of the second fundamental form S we confirm that there exists a positive constant δ(n) depending only on n, such that if n?S?n+δ(n), then S≡n, i.e., M is a Clifford minimal hypersurface, in particular, when n?6, the pinching constant .     

On the dual canonical and Kazhdan-Lusztig bases and 3412-, 4231-avoiding permutations

Using Du’s characterization of the dual canonical basis of the coordinate ring O(GL(n,C)), we express all elements of this basis in terms of immanants. We then give a new factorization of permutations w avoiding the patterns 3412 and 4231, which in turn yields a factorization of the corresponding Kazhdan-Lusztig basis elements of the Hecke algebra H_n(q). Using the immanant and factorization results, we show that for every totally nonnegative immanant and its expansion with respect to the basis of Kazhdan-Lusztig immanants, the coefficient d_w must be nonnegative when w avoids the patterns 3412 and 4231.     

Liouville type theorems for the Euler and the Navier–Stokes equations

We prove Liouville type theorems for weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes and the Euler equations. In particular, if the pressure satisfies p∈L¹(0,T;L¹(RN)) with , then the corresponding velocity should be trivial, namely v=0 on RN×(0,T). In particular, this is the case when p∈L¹(0,T;Hq(RN)), where Hq(RN), q∈(0,1], the Hardy space. On the other hand, we have equipartition of energy over each component, if p∈L¹(0,T;L¹(RN)) with . Similar results hold also for the magnetohydrodynamic equations.     

Bogomolov restriction theorem for Higgs bundles

Let (E,θ) be a stable Higgs bundle of rank r on a smooth complex projective surface X equipped with a polarization H. Let C⊂X be a smooth complete curve with [C]=n⋅H. If where , then we prove that the restriction of (E,θ) to C is a stable Higgs bundle. This is a Higgs bundle analog of Bogomolov's restriction theorem for stable vector bundles.